Crossroads: Middle School Unit II Spain took many treasures from the new world and claimed large areas of southwesternUnited States as Resource 9 Explorer Fact Sheet martin frobisher http://www.eduref.org/Virtual/Lessons/crossroads/sec4/Unit_2/Unit_IIQ2.html
Extractions: Objectives: The students will be able to: describe the goals and accomplishments of an individual explorer. determine the exploration policy of one European country. rank and defend the exploration achievements of competing European countries. gather relevant information from a variety of resources. Description of lesson/activity: The students will have completed the research and class discussions about the situation in Europe during the 1400s which caused the Europeans to explore. Students have also identified the attributes necessary for an explorer. Students will now ex amine the lives and explorations of several individual explorers. Rather than dwell on a chronology of explorers and accomplishments, the activity has been designed to emphasize the in±depth research of a few explorers and to use this research to infer the exploration policies of the countries involved. The students should be divided into groups of three. One student from each group should be assigned to gather information on three explorers from Spain; the second student should gather information on explorers from France; and the third on explo rers from England and the Netherlands. Spain and France were highlighted because they were the leading countries during this time period. England and the Netherlands were examined together because they had similar exploration policies and were no t as prominent as the others in the search for new lands. Portugal was not included because their early discoveries were dealt with in the first part of this unit as the cause for other Europeans to explore. Fact sheets have been provided for the following explorers:
Exploring The West From Monticello: Chapter 1 generationsincluding Jacques Cartier, martin frobisher, Henry Hudson, Despite growing European knowledge about the new world, a considerable number http://www.lib.virginia.edu/small/exhibits/lewis_clark/exploring/ch1.html
Extractions: This section of the exhibition shows the evolving geographic views of North Americafrom the first maps to represent the New World as continents to the beginning of French exploration in the Mississippi Valley. When Europeans learned of the immense new continents that blocked their way to Asia, they did not abandon hope of finding a direct passage to the Orient. Geographic thinking shifted to the possibility that the new land masses could either be bypassed altogether, passed through via straits, or traversed on short overland routes. Vasco Núñez de Balboa found such a land route in Central America when he crossed the isthmus of Panama to the Southern Seain 1513. In 1524 Giovanni da Verrazano, a Florentine employed by the king of France to find a passage to the Pacific Ocean, mistook the large body of water to the west of the Outer Banks of North Carolina for the Pacific Ocean. The map by Sebastian Münster ( Item 2 ) shows this false Sea of Verrazano.Nearly a century later, John Farrers 1652 map of Virginia, which located the Pacific Ocean just over the Blue Ridge, confirmed the persistence of this yearning to find an easy route to Asia (see Item 6 By the 1600s, hope for a Panama-like isthmus crossing in North America faded. Moreover, once the Spanish gained control of the southern sea routes, French and English efforts to reach Asia shifted northward in the quest to find a Northwest Passage. Seamen from several generationsincluding Jacques Cartier, Martin Frobisher, Henry Hudson, Samuel de Champlain, and otherssearched for this route across the continent. These explorers made several discoveries of passageswhich were later proven false or nonviable, but their efforts added the St. Lawrence River, the Great Lakes and the Hudson Bay to the maps of North America. All of the maps in this section show some form of Northwest Passage. The quest to find this route persisted until Captain James Cook finally disproved the existence of the Northwest Passage in 1778.
Extractions: Winter 1999 Looking at this timeline may give you some perspective on the period we are studying. It gives you a sense of some of the history of native peoples before the arrival of Europeans It also shows you the simultaneous nature of the voyages by ship and the journeys to a new understanding of the world which we are studying. You will not be required to know any of the dates contained in this timeline. I plan on developing this Great Voyages Timeline into a true mutlimedia, hypertext WWW document. At present there are a few links to other web sites. DATE EVENT 30KBC (or earlier) Probable crossing of Bering Straits by Indian ancestors 61 Spinden date for the Leyden Plate, a carved jade plaque in Mexico 68 Spinden date for oldest stone monument or stela, in Mexico 217 Year of oldest Pueblo roofbeam that can be carbon-14 dated 400 Heyday of the Moundbuilders in Mississippi and Ohio valleys 711 Islamic invasion of Spain (at the invitation of one party in a Christian civil war) 732 The northern advance of Islamic power halted at the Battle of Tours 725 Casa Grande, an Indian fort and large irrigation works built - Arizona 850 Norsemen defeat Irishmen, eject them from Iceland 985 Eric the Red colonizes Greenland 1000 Leif, Eric's son, builds dwelling on NE coast of Newfoundland 1000 Tiahuanaco civilization in Peru, widespread planting of potatoes, corn 1056 Beginning of the democratic Pataria movement in Milan 1085 Surrender of Toledo by its Islamic ruler to Ferdinand I of Leon. Toledo contained a good library of Arabic learning concerning medicine, astrology, astronomy, pharmacology, psychology, physiology, biology, optics, chemistry, physics, mathematics (algebra, geometry and trigonometry), music, and navigatioon among other subjects. These materials were to make their way into Europe
Explorers martin Waldseemüller published his accounts and suggested that new world be Sir martin frobisher, England, 15761578 ad, Explored frobisher Bay and http://www.hobotraveler.com/explorers.php
Extractions: Sir Samuel White Baker; Heinrich Barth; James Bruce; David Livingstone; Mungo Park; John Hanning Speke; Sir Henry Morton Stanley Sir Richard Francis Burton; Verney Lovett Cameron; Hugh Clapperton; Paul Belloni Du Chaillu; Mehmed Emin Pasha; Sir Harry H. Johnston; Mary Henrietta Kingsley; Richard Lemon Lander; Frederick John Dealty Lugard, 1st Baron Lugard; May French Sheldon; Joseph Thomson AMERICAS - First :Hernando de Alarcón; Diego de Almagro; Pedro de Alvarado; Vasco Núñez de Balboa; Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca; Francisco Vásquez de Coronado; Hernán Cortés; Hernando De Soto; Pánfilo de Narváez; Francisco de Orellana; Francisco Pizarro; Juan Ponce de León; Sebastián Vizcaíno; Juan de Oñate
Extractions: Explorers A Bequest Unearthed, Phoenicia - Phoenicia, origin, history. Athena Review - Journal of Archaeology, History, and Exploration. Caesar, Julius - Caesar's Commentaries on the Gallic and Civil Wars: with the Supplementary Books attributed to Hirtius. Christopher Columbus - Important Facts About Christopher Columbus. Discoverers Web - In this project I try to gather all kinds of information found on the web about voyages of discovery and exploration. Exploration - After Prince Henry First Europeans - Traveled to Khan's Court.
British Archaeology, No 53, June 2000: Features The years of the Second world War were a curiously productive period for new evidence from Baffin Island suggests the explorer martin frobisher may have http://www.britarch.ac.uk/ba/ba53/ba53feat.html
Extractions: ISSN 1357-4442 Editor: Simon Denison FEATURES Mike Parker Pearson recalls the site that revealed the religious significance of water in later prehistoric Britain The years of the Second World War were a curiously productive period for archaeology in Britain. The famous Anglo-Saxon treasures of Sutton Hoo were hastily dug out in the months before war broke out, and `rescue archaeology' - the emergency excavation of construction sites - was born in the work carried out by WF Grimes on new defence installations all around Britain. Few wartime discoveries, however, proved to be as dramatic or far-reaching as the chance finds made by RAF engineers building a remote airfield in North Wales in 1942. RAF Valley, near Llanfihangel-yn-Nhowyn on Anglesey, was built over the former lake of Llyn Cerrig Bach, and the finds were made when engineers began digging out sediments from the lake to stabilise sand dunes and level the ground surface. In amongst the heaps of peat they noticed iron weapons and chains. In July 1943 the director of the National Museum of Wales, Sir Cyril Fox, received a letter from RAF Valley's resident engineer informing him of the finds. Fox visited for two days in August and arrangements were made to ship the material to the National Museum, a task which was finally completed in 1945. Despite wartime secrecy
Froblisher looked westward for an opportunity to share in the spoils of the new world, martin frobisher THE PIRATEEXPLORER. martin frobisher (c. 1539 - 1594) http://www.canadahistory.com/sections/eras/erasmartin_frobisher.htm
Extractions: As King Philip and Spain grew rich from their conquests and empire building in Central and South America, England looked westward for an opportunity to share in the spoils of the new world, or gain access to the Far East and the valuable silk and spice trade which it offered. Many stories and rumours concerning a great north west passage through the America's were constantly talked about in the seaports and naval circles of England's sailing community. Martin Frobisher was a sailor with a dream to try and discover this mysterious passage to the orient. He and his fellow sea captains of the time have plundered and pillaged the Spanish ships and colonies of the America's but dream of a safer manner in which to make their fortune. He had served a term in the tower for his pirate activities and felt that a great voyage of discovery might redeem his reputation and position among the English peoples. He set sail in the spring of 1576 across the Atlantic and fought the storms and Icebergs of the North Atlantic. He managed to penetrate the Artic frontier of North East Canada and believed that he had found the route to the Orient. His first contact with the Inuit peoples was a strange and bizarre interlude. They paddle out to meet him in their kayaks and Frobisher send 5 of his men ashore with them to find out what they can. They disappear and are not seen again. Frobisher decided to capture an Inuit in order to provide evidence of his contact with these new people and as revenge for the abduction and potential murder of his seamen.
Histoire Antar/FR/Introduction In 1576, martin frobisher thought he had struck gold in the Great North. passage between the Old world and the new world was found and surmounted. http://www.antarctica.org/UK/Envirn/pag/arctique/page_History1_UK.htm
Extractions: Pytheas was a great Greek navigator who lived in Marseilles (Masillia); around 330 years before our era, he undertook a great sea voyage towards the regions of North Europe. Little is of course known about this undertaking, except for the fact that he genuinely saw the midnight sun and that he berthed in a land that he named Thule. When he returned, his fellow countrymen branded him a liar. In 982, the Viking, Eric the Red, was banned from the land of Iceland. Because he had killed two sons of one of his enemies, Eric the Red had to leave his native Iceland. Instead of returning to Norway, the country of his ancestors, he set a south-westerly course. After five days of sailing, he discovered a land of green fields that he named Greenland. Twenty years later, one of his sons was to be the first man to tread American soil when he landed at Newfoundland. In 1553, Sir Hugh Willoughby obeyed orders. The time of the great discoveries had arrived. England wanted to discover a northern route to India, which at the time was called Cathay. It was Sir Hugh Willoughby who took on this important mission; in 1953, the navigator set off for the northern seas armed with three vessels. Blocked by the ice, the mariner decided to obey orders and to winter off the Siberian coast. The indigenous people found the entire crew dead a year later. Richard Chancellor, the captain of the third ship, was luckier: he found shelter in the bay of Arkhangelsk; learning about this, the Tsar invited him to Moscow. Two years later, in 1555, the English Muscovy Company was founded.
Arctic Studies Center - Publications - Staff Publications Archeology of the frobisher Voyages explores the legacy of martin Arcticexploration, European expansionism and new world intercultural contact. http://www.mnh.si.edu/arctic/html/pub_staff.html
Extractions: In addition to publications produced by the Arctic Studies Center, researchers at the Center are involved in numerous independent publication projects. Below is a sample of books written by ASC staff. For more information about individual staff publications, please contact the Arctic Studies Center or the appropriate researcher. Published by the Arctic Studes Center, and the Savoonga Whaling Captain's Association. Washington, DC: 2004. This book is the product of a joint four-year study by subsistence hunters from two Yupik villages in Alaska and scientists studying arctic climate change. One of the first studies combining the efforts of northern communities and polar scholars, it presents a Yupik sea-ice "dictionary," an illustrated list of nearly 100 sea-ice formations, records of climate and weather observations during 200-01, and information from elders on recollections and oral history of significant events of previous decades. Ordering Information:
ANT 173 Archaeology Of American Colonization Initial Old worldnew world Contacts. Hoaxes, misunderstandings, and the all-Americanneed to be Archaeology of the martin frobisher Site 1576-1578 http://www2.umaine.edu/anthropology/ANT173.html
Extractions: 105 Donald P. Corbett Course Description what we have learned from the archaeological record. Here we study the spread of European culture to the Americas, particularly during colonial and early American periods, as seen through its archaeological sites and artifacts. This introduction entails a chronological and topical survey of the evolution of American civilization, covering Native American-European contact, early colonial sites, 18th-century society, and various selected topics. Emphasis will be on North America, and many examples will come from the northeast so that we can best make use of our own study collections for illustrations, although we will discuss other areas as well. Slide and video presentations will be frequent in this course, so be prepared to take good notes. (Satisfies the General Education Human Values and Social Context Western Cultural Tradition Requirement.) No prerequisites. Cr. 3. Instructor Dr. Alaric Faulkner
Nunatsiaq News As Robert McGhee tells in his new book, The Arctic Voyages of martin frobisher,the explorers adventures in the new world were filled with violence, http://www.nunatsiaq.com/archives/nunavut020802/news/nunavut/20802_09.html
Extractions: Contact Us Site Map Search August 2, 2002 Pirate of the Eastern Arctic JANE GEORGE For Frobisher, who was guided only by weird and wonderful maps — based on semi-reliable information from Greek, Irish and Norse sources — "the Arctic was as distant and fantastic as another planet." Their knowledge of nature — they imagined a narwhal tusk to be a "sea unicorne" horn and tested it as an antidote to poison — wasn’t much better than their knowledge of geography. Frobisher thought the bay that would someday bear his name was actually a strait with Asia on one side and North America on the other. His grasp of metallurgy was so weak, he may have actually believed the worthless black rocks he collected near Baffin Island were full of gold. But he was encouraged by the supposed promise of the black rocks he found on the "Meta Incognita" or unknown land. He hooked up with assayers or metal testers who were willing to back up his claims that the rocks he found actually were rich in gold.
EB Odds & Ends, April 1998 At the end of the fifteenth century the new world was just that. For references,either R.Collinson, Three Voyages of martin frobisher http://home.eznet.net/~dminor/O&E9804.html
Extractions: It was on May 20th of that year that Italian explorer Giovanni Caboto, his name Anglicized to John Cabot by his English bosses, sailed from Bristol, possibly with his three sons in the ship Matthew. He sighted Newfoundland and sailed on to discover Hudson's Bay, which he mistook for the fabled Northwest Passage. He then spent the summer sailing down the North American coast to a point well south of New England before returning home. For this he received the munificent sum of 10 pounds from Henry VII. Henry might have been more appreciative if Cabot had returned with spices but Newfoundland provides few of the highly-valued plants. At the end of the fifteenth century the New World was just that. Not knowing of the existence of the Gulf Stream, which brought a warm climate to the British Isles, the English expected that waters at the top of the North American continent, being about the same latitude as Britain, would share a similar climate.
Henry Hudson's Second Voyage, 1608: The Northeast Passage The new world had been discovered just over a century before Hudson enters recorded In 1560, English merchants enlisted martin frobisher to search for a http://www.ianchadwick.com/hudson/hudson_overview.htm
The Baldwin Project: In The Days Of Queen Elizabeth By Eva March Tappan came from the press about the new world was a seacaptain named martin frobisher . and he sent out two barques to explore the coast north of Florida. http://www.mainlesson.com/display.php?author=tappan&book=elizabeth&story=new
Extractions: ProfKoch@aol.com Koch, Mark. "Ruling the World: The Cartographic Gaze in Elizabethan Accounts of the New World." Early Modern Literary Studies http://purl.oclc.org/emls/04-2/kochruli.htm When Sir Humphrey Gilbert declared English possession of Newfoundland on August 5, 1583, the ceremony was performed in St. John's Harbor before a fishing fleet of some thirty-six ships from Spain, Portugal, France and England. While the fishing banks and the beaches of Newfoundland had been used for decades by fishermen of various European nations, a right of English possession was now argued upon the precedent of John Cabot's voyage to the island in 1497, and Gilbert's rationale for making this possession official was the recent patent granted to him by Elizabeth. Since Gilbert's most immediate concern was likely the fishing fleet which had initially prevented two of his ships from entering the harbor, it was before this fleet that he had most reason to display his newly granted authority. The ceremony itself contained both a legal component (a reading of laws and terms relating to his patent and possession) and a more ritualistic, dramatic component (the digging of turf, the erection of a pillar displaying the queen's arms). Yet perhaps most interesting is the manner of staging this ceremony. As the event is retold in Sir George Peckham's
Frobisher martin frobisher dirigea trois Jackson, Donald DZ, martin frobisher, bedazzled by the new world http://www.fl.ulaval.ca/celat/frobisher.html
Extractions: RECHERCHES ARCHÉOLOGIQUES SUR LES VOYAGES DE MARTIN FROBISHER (1576-1578) Dirigé par Réginald Auger Entre 1576 et 1578, l'explorateur anglais Martin Frobisher dirigea trois expéditions dans l'Arctique de l'est; le but de sa première expédition était de découvrir le passage du Nord-Ouest qui devait le conduire en Chine. Une carte géographique publiée à la même époque plaçait ce passage dans une zone tempérée au sud du cercle polaire. Comme c'était la coutume à l'époque, Frobisher rapporta des minerais lors de son premier voyage afin de prouver que l'expédition s'était bien aventurée dans des terres inconnues. Intrigué par la couleur que prenaient ces minerais après avoir été soumis à l'action du feu, Michael Lok, directeur de la compagnie de Muscovie, décida d'en apporter quelques échantillons à des alchimistes pour qu'ils vérifient leur teneur en métaux précieux, tels l'or et l'argent. Deux alchimistes conclurent que les minerais ne contenaient aucun métal précieux alors qu'un troisième considéra qu'ils renfermaient suffisamment d'or et d'argent pour qu'il vaille la peine d'entreprendre une autre expédition, dont le but serait d'en rapporter autant que possible. Bien que pour le moins équivoque, les résultats de ces tests sont la base des tout premiers projets d'extraction minière en Amérique du Nord.
Explorers From The 1500's - EnchantedLearning.com martin frobisher (1535?1594) was an English privateer (a pirate licenced by to found new settlements, find gold, and increase trade with the new world. http://www.zoomschool.com/explorers/1500.shtml
Extractions: Afonso de Albuquerque (14-1515) was a Portuguese soldier and explorer who sailed to the Spice Islands (the Moluccas, a group of Islands in Indonesia) in 1507-1511, trying to monopolize trade with this area; from Europe, he sailed around Africa to the Indian Ocean. He was appointed the Viceroy of India by King Emmanuel in 1509. He forcibly destroyed the Indian city of Calicut in January, 1510, and took Goa (in southern India) in March, 1510, claiming Goa for Portugal. AYLLON, LUCAS VAZQUEZ DE
Explorers - A To Z Dampier, William (1) new world Voyages of William Dampier from Athena Review, Thomas H. Benton from the Kansas City Museum; frobisher, martin (1) All http://www.42explore2.com/explorers2.htm
Extractions: Here is an indexed listing of biography sites for Explorers - A to Z. This is a companion page for the main Explorers page, one of many projects from EduScapes Albanel, Charles: Charles Albanel: Missionary Voyageur at Virtual Museum of New-France Albanel, Charles from The Columbia Encyclopedia Amundsen, Roald: Roald Amundsen at PBS American Experience Who They Really Are! Amundsen, Roald Roald Amundsen at The Great Explorers Roald Amundsen at Canadian Arctic Profiles Amundsen, Roald from Encyclopedia.com Amundsen, Roald at Infoplease Amundsen (1908) from National Library of Canada Roald Amundsen at Great Norwegians Anza, Juan Bautista de: Juan Bautista De Anza: Blazed the Anza Trail at DesertUSA Juan Bautista de Anza .from Discoverers Web Captain Juan Bautista de Anza by H.F. Dobins
New Page 1 Impact on the new world. They had some problems with the inuits. I thinkMartin frobisher had a pretty good impact on the world. http://www.asij.ac.jp/elementary/gr5web/c5r/explorer_reports/danielh.htm
Extractions: Martin Frobisher by Daniel Martin Frobisher Biographical Facts Martin Frobisher was born in 1535 but people are not quite when he was actually born but it was around 1535. Martin Frobisher died in 1594. Even though he only lived to the age of about 59 he did complete alot in his life. When he was a young child he did sail in ships and went out to sea. It said in a book that he was killed of a bad wound but I am not so sure about that. Major Achievements Martin was very famous for his voyages. He only had three voyage but they were very good. The reason they were good because he discoverd what is now called Frobisher bay. He had his first voyage in 1576 his second in 1577 and his third in 1578. Martin was knighted. He was knighted by the queen of england. The reason he was knighted was so he could help defeat the spanish armada. Country The reason that the voyages were made so that they could mine these black rocks wich they thought contained gold. They were also done so Martin could try and find a passage to China. Martin thought the first inuits they met were chinese. The country they found there was very cold. The first expidition was not so they could mine the black rock but during the first expidition they found the black rocks.
