Research In African Literature--The Path Is Open Whether it is an adequate microcosmic representation of the fon world and The fact, however, is that such indigenous African traditions of literary http://iupjournals.org/ral/ral30-2.html
Extractions: An unresolved tragedy is inherent in the task of translation. The translator knows that translation is at once impossible and necessary. That tragedy attains heroic proportions with anthropologists insofar as they are translators of entire cultures. Thus, anthropologists, at least the most honest and perceptive among them, are tragic heroes. This proposition became crystallized in my mind as an aphorism as I read the last sentence of Melville and Frances Herskovits's lengthy and challenging introduction to their Dahomean Narrative : "As spoken forms, the stories should preferably be read aloud." It is not by chance that this sentence concludes 122 pages of substantial analytical discourse in cultural anthropology. I see it as an impassioned call upon readers to displace themselves, as an invitation to leave their own world and inhabit the Fon cultural world. We are invited to read aloud, in English, Fon texts of various genres that were supposed to have been performed orally, then translated into French by Dahomean interpreters, and finally translated into English by the anthropologist authors. Only a hero indeed could cross so many borders successfullybut we do know that no such heroes ever existed. The reason is not far to find.
Extractions: Reunification discourse has generated controversy in Cameroon since the 1990s and hinges on the issue of the degree of commitment of Anglophone and Francophone Cameroonians to its realization. This essay provides a chronological, comprehensive, and critical survey of the reunification question. Often only part of the history is presented, either inadvertently or deliberately. It is argued in this essay that reunification was a minority ideology conned largely to the Cameroon people of the Southwestern quadrant. That notwithstanding, its chief proponents were Francophones who conceived it, propagated it, and sustained it until the United Nations recognized it in the 1960s. The 1961 reunification of the British Southern Cameroons and the former French Cameroons was an extraordinary event, as peoples of different colonial backgrounds decided to form a single state. It presented a countercurrent in postcolonial Africa to the prevailing trend of the balkanization of old political unions or blocs.
George Dei It is a form of development rooted in indigenous peoples sense of moral and As argued elsewhere (Dei, 1994a), the indigenous African sense of being http://www.brocku.ca/epi/casid/dei.htm
Extractions: It is no exaggeration to say that the cultural resource base and knowledge of local peoples have been the least analyzed for their contributions to African development (see also Matowanyika, 1990; Warren, Slikkerveer and Brokensha, 1995). This paper calls for a shift in the development paradigm to examine what the indigenous African cultural knowledge base can offer in terms of an alternative approach to African development. Enthusing an alternative, African-centred development To discuss the African indigenousness, it is important to acknowledge the ethnic and cultural diversity, as well as the historical contingencies and specificities of African peoples. I am also aware of the fact that some common elements in African indigenous knowledge systems can be found in diverse or variant forms among indigenous peoples in other parts of the world (see also Dia, 1991). Furthermore, indigenous knowledge systems and traditions contain sites and sources of cultural disempowerment for certain groups in society (e.g., women and ethnic/cultural minorities)[Machila, 1992: 18]. Cultural resource knowledge is not frozen in time and space. While I focus on some common underlying socio-cultural themes and values (see also Machila, 1992: 16), I also recognize that the actual practices associated with these social values may differ across space and time.
Extractions: African American Black Blood Donor Emergency COUNTRY RACIAL and/or ETHNIC ANALYSIS of PEOPLE GROUPS Afghanistan Pashtun 38%, Tajik 25%, Uzbek 6%, Hazara 19%, minor ethnic groups (Chahar Aimaks, Turkmen, Baloch, and others) Albania Albanian 95%, Greeks 3%, other 2%: Vlachs, Gypsies, Serbs, and Bulgarians Algeria Arab-Berber 99%, European less than 1% Andorra Spanish 61%, Andorran 30%, French 6%, other 3% Angola Ovimbundu 37%, Kimbundu 25%, Bakongo 13%, Mestico (mixed European and Native African) 2%, European 1%, other 22% Antigua black, British, Portuguese, Lebanese, Syrian (see Barbuda) Argentina European 97% (mostly of Spanish and Italian descent), 3% other (mostly Indian or Mestizo) Armenia Armenian 93%, Azeri 3%, Russian 2%, other (mostly Yezidi Kurds) 2% (1989) Note: as of the end of 1993, virtually all Azeris had emigrated from Armenia Australia Caucasian 95%, Asian 4%, aboriginal (353,000) and other 1%
African Lesson Plans 1998 The people of western and central africa whose art is represented in the This tradition probably relates more to the ancient indigenous art still http://www.umfa.utah.edu/index.php?id=MTIz
Extractions: ASA News ASEE Prism Academe African American Review ... View all titles in this topic Hot New Articles by Topic Automotive Sports Top Articles Ever by Topic Automotive Sports Local ecological knowledge of ivory gull declines in Arctic Canada Arctic Sep 2003 by Mark L Mallory H Grant Gilchrist Alain J Fontaine Jason A Akearok Save a personal copy of this article and quickly find it again with Furl.net. It's free! Save it. ABSTRACT. We gathered local ecological knowledge (LEK) on the ivory gull (Pagophila eburnea) from residents of three High Arctic communities in eastern Canada. This gull has always been uncommon, but Inuit had suggested that numbers of gulls were declining. LEK from Grise Fiord and Resolute Bay was clear and consistent, indicating that far fewer gulls are currently observed near the community compared to 25 years ago. The LEK from Arctic Bay was less consistent, although in general, community members thought that the species was less commonly observed. Observations from nonsystematic surveys by local wildlife officers corroborated the LEK data, and an aerial survey of the known colony locations on the Brodeur Peninsula (near Arctic Bay) found only one gull. Collectively, this information suggests that ivory gull populations are declining across the species' Canadian range. Systematic surveys will be needed to confirm these perceived declines.
The Languages And Writing Systems Of Africa Angola, Republic of Angola, República de Angola, former People s Republic of Angola The number of languages listed for Benin is 51 (including Fõ (fon; http://www.intersolinc.com/newsletters/africa.htm
Extractions: Africa Languages of Africa Sources: Ethnologue The World Fact Book Country Language Algeria, Al Jaza'ir, People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, Al Jumhuriyah al Jaza'iriyah ad Dimuqratiyah ash Sha'biyah National or official languages: Standard Arabic (official), French, Berber dialects. The number of languages listed for Algeria is 18, including Chaouia, Kabyle, Tumzabt, Taznatit and others. All are living languages. Angola, Republic of Angola, República de Angola, former People's Republic of Angola
Common Misconceptions About Vodoun - A Bravenet.com Faq Thus, limiting the development of the Vodoun religion to only the fon of Benin, Vodoun or African religions have spread in the New World, the indigenous http://pub47.bravenet.com/faq/show.php?usernum=3951612168&catid=97
Extractions: Accueil Structure Chercheurs Réalisations ... Alizés n°23 Female Empowerment and Political Change: A Study of Bole Butake's Lake God, The Survivors, and And Palm Wine Will Flow Bole Butakes three plays Lake God The Survivors (1989), and And Palm Wine Will Flow (1990) were all written against the backdrop of rapacious and inhumane oppressors of the seemingly silent and marginalized masses of the fictionalized communities of the North-West Province of the Republic of Cameroon, Africa. These plays treat among other issues the themes of corruption, tyranny, nepotism and the rampant abuse of power. These themes are not new in African literature, but Butakes approach shifts the traditional responsibility of the fight for political liberation, which has hitherto been the preserve of the men to women. The silent suffering masses come to rely solely on the women who take the leading responsibility for their liberation. This sudden and unexpected resurgence of females on the political field and their overwhelming success is intriguing and new to an audience that has for a very long time minimized and denigrated women to secondary and/or subsidiary roles. One question which comes up several times in these plays is: Where are the men? The men have either been exiled, incarcerated, or totally emasculated. In
Blue Mountain Lay Silhouetted Against A Moonlit Jamaican Sky for the indigenous people and any forms of rebellion were acceptable. Yoruba, Ebo, fon, or Akan were all able to evoke the proper spirit to fight. http://debate.uvm.edu/dreadlibrary/finkenauer.html
Extractions: THE DREAD LIBRARY The Matrix Rhetoric of Reggae Music Reggae Links Dread Library Catalog The First Deserters "The wild Maroons, impregnable and free Among the mountain-holds of liberty Sudden as lightning darted on their foe Seen like the flash, remember like the blow. (Campbell, pg. 44) Maroon Warfare Europeans fought in a more formal manner. From their remote mountain retreats, the Maroons needed no Paul Revere to inform them the British were coming. Clad in highly visible, heavy European uniforms, lumbered with weapons and supplies, the soldiers marched noisily and single file to their doom. "Sick, lame and almost starved," they managed barely five miles per day. (Reidell, pg. 42) The mournful note of the abeng, a cured cow horn instrument, and gombay drum signals relayed up the steep mountain passes, gave the rebels ample time to prepare their specialty: the ambush. (Reidell, pg.42) Many a frightened soldier found to his horror that the small tree trembling in the distance was suddenly at his side with a cutlass at his throat. The Maroons had mystery, surprise and fear on their side, especially fear of the African practice of Obeah, an "Occult science" which continues underground in contemporary Jamaica much as Voodoo persists in Haiti and elsewhere. (Reidell, pg. 3) Maroon feats like disappearing behind a waterfall into solid rock walls appeared magical. Actually, the Maroons, with the advantage of generations of experience, knew which fissure led to a well-supplied retreat in the next valley. (Reidell, pg.42)
WEF Durban June 2001 to the genes of indigenous people; the rights to be the sole manufacturer fon Mathuros and Valerie Weinzeirl The WEF PR team will be using these email http://www.nadir.org/nadir/initiativ/agp/free/wef/durban.htm
Extractions: Every generation out of relative obscurity, must find its own mission and either fulfill it or betray it . - Frantz Fanon http://www.emory.edu/ENGLISH/Bahri/Fanon.html THIS EMAIL CONTAINS INFORMATION THAT WILL ALLOW YOU TO MAKE A SAFE AND EFFECTIVE CONTRIBUTION TO THE STRUGGLE FOR HUMANITY AND AGAINST MARKET FUNDAMENTALISM The World Economic Forum (WEF) meets at the International Convention Centre in Durban from 6 - 8 June 2001. The WEF has been around since 1971, and is the most important site for discussion between the world's major political and business leaders on how to drive "globalisation" (i.e. the forced imposition of market fundamentalism across the globe) and how to sell it. Business and political leaders pay a R150-000 registration fee to attend. The meeting will not include workers, youth, feminists, environmentalists and religious activists and only six representatives from non-government organisations (NGO's) will be allowed to attend. The WEF's 968 members include top people in multinational companies like Shell (who pollute Ongoniland and co-operated with the regime that murdered Ken Saro-wiwa , Nike (who continue to use sweatshop labour http://www.nolongo.com/
Review Of African Crossroads And Kingdom On Mount Cameroon In The Plantations and The People of Victoria Division , He also creditsthe call for plantation labor that fon Galega fulfilled with the BaliNyongo http://lucy.ukc.ac.uk/dz/xroads/historian.html
Extractions: Kingdom on Mount Cameroon: Studies in the History of the Cameroon Coast, 1500-1970; Cameroon Studies, Volume 1. By Edwin Ardener. Edited and with an Introduction by Shirley Ardener. (Providence and Oxford: Berghahn Books, 1996. Pp. xix, 380. $49.95.) In fact, both of these volumes stand at the methodological crossroads between history and anthropology in that they strive to unravel the sometimes-obscure chronology and context of the Cameroonian past using the tools and approaches of both of those disciplines. The first volume of the series constitutes a partial collection of the efforts of a scholar whose work mainly appeared in the 1950s and 1960s "when Cameroon Studies were in their relative infancy" (xviii). The second, dedicated to another ground-breaking researcher in the field, E. M. Chilver, is a diverse assembly of papers by more recent researchers who build on earlier work on the Bamenda Grassfields of Cameroon. In African Crossroads: Intersections between History and Anthropology in Cameroon, Ian Fowler and David Zeitlyn lead off with a discussion of the scholarly controversies surrounding the economic and linguistic diversity of the Grassfields area. An emphasis is placed on the "Tikar Problem", wherein the many dynasties claiming descent from the Tikar have neither linguistic nor cultural commonalities among them. The editors suggest that the Tikar introduced a "model" for a tribe, which Grassfields, chiefdoms emulated by claiming origin from them. Richard Fardon, in the first essay, "The Person, Ethnicity and the Problem of Identity in West Africa," confirms the view that the identity of the Chamba seems to be a product of the retrojection of the tribe's collective memory into a comprehensive historical narrative in which they could not have participated.
Afro-Latin American: Information From Answers.com The mix of these African cultures with the Spanish, Portuguese, indigenous and Around 84% of the Dominican Republic s people have some African blood http://www.answers.com/topic/afro-latin-american
Extractions: showHide_TellMeAbout2('false'); Business Entertainment Games Health ... More... On this page: Wikipedia Mentioned In Or search: - The Web - Images - News - Blogs - Shopping Afro-Latin American Wikipedia Afro-Latin American An Afro-Latin American is a Latin American person who is, at least in part, of African heritage or lineage. Concepts of "Black" or "African" often differ in Latin America from those held in English speaking nations. Africans first arrived with the Spanish and Portuguese with Columbus. For example, Pedro Alonso Nino was a navigator in the 1492 expedition. Africans arrived in Latin America mostly as part of the Atlantic slave trade to provide labor. Also, they were employed in mapping and exploration (for example, Estevanico ); and were even involved in conquest (for example, Juan Garrido and Juan Valiente). They were mostly brought from the West African nations of Nigeria Benin Ghana Congo ... C´te d'Ivoire and Morocco . There was also an existing African diaspora born in Spain and Portugal. Most of the slaves were delivered to Brazil and the Caribbean . The rest were brought in small proportions to Central America and other areas of South America . Countries with large black populations include Brazil Panama Colombia Cuba ... Dominican Republic , and Puerto Rico The mix of these African cultures with the Spanish, Portuguese, indigenous and other cultures of Latin America has produced many unique forms of
African Tribes african tribe list. fon iron image of Gun, the god of iron and war DahomeyMuseum. Many illustrations are from items that I sold or that are still http://users.pandora.be/african-shop/tribe_info.htm
Discovering Benin- DVD What people are saying about Discovering Benin , fon is Fun Home (Fah priest)Fah is a traditional African form of divination like Tarot Card Reading. http://www.geocities.com/fon_is_fun/DVD.htm
Extractions: Discovering Benin, West Africa A five part, three hour documentary about life in Benin on DVD. On Sale now! (Profits benefit the Beninese people who appear in the video) DVD Case and Insert Snap Shots Ordering information Watch a Video Clip of the Intro to Each Episode Technical Notes ... See Pictures of the showing of "Discovering Benin" in Allada Video of Intro for Each Episode (back to top) (1 Minute 27 seconds- If it says 1 min 21 seconds try playing it again or choose another link to get it to play to the end- the last frame should say Episode 4- Voodoo) Files are in .mpg format. The greater the size, the greater the quality of picture and sound. Note that these files are highly compressed so they can be easily downloaded from the internet, and the quality of the audio and video on your DVD will be much better. The intro contains clips from most of the episodes so it serves as a good preview. Thank you to Thom Pernice, Owner of InHouse Video , Peekskill, NY for donating his services to make this preview possible File Size Downloads the file to your hard drive Streaming Video Small Size 2.4 MB (best for 56k Dial-Up)
Major Religions Ranked By Size primalindigenous 300 million; African Traditional Diasporic 100 million A large proportion of the people classified as non-religious expressly do http://www.adherents.com/Religions_By_Adherents.html
Extractions: The adherent counts presented in the list above are current estimates of the number of people who have at least a minimal level of self-identification as adherents of the religion. Levels of participation vary within all groups. These numbers tend toward the high end of reasonable worldwide estimates. Valid arguments can be made for different figures, but if the same criteria are used for all groups, the relative order should be the same. Further details and sources are available below and in the
TDS; Passports, Visas, Travel Documents The majority of Benin s 7.25 million people live in the south. Ethnic groupsAfrican 99% (42 ethnic groups, most important being fon, Adja, Yoruba, http://www.traveldocs.com/bj/people.htm
Extractions: PEOPLE The majority of Benin's 7.25 million people live in the south. The population is young, with a life expectancy of 50 years. About 42 African ethnic groups live in this country; these various groups settled in Benin at different times and also migrated within the country. Ethnic groups include the Yoruba in the southeast (migrated from Nigeria in the 12th century); the Dendi in the north-central area (they came from Mali in the 16th century); the Bariba and the Fulbe (Peul) in the northeast; the Betammaribe and the Somba in the Atacora Range; the Fon in the area around Abomey in the South Central and the Mina, Xueda, and Aja (who came from Togo) on the coast. Recent migrations have brought other African nationals to Benin that include Nigerians, Togolese, and Malians. The foreign community also includes many Lebanese and Indians involved in trade and commerce. The personnel of the many European embassies and foreign aid missions and of nongovernmental organizations and various missionary groups account for a large number of the 5,500 European population. Several religions are practiced in Benin. Animism is widespread (50%), and its practices vary from one ethnic group to the other. Arab merchants introduced Islam in the north and among the Yoruba. European missionaries brought Christianity to the south and central areas of Benin. Moslems account for 20% of the population and Christians for 30%. Many nominal Moslems and Christians continue to practice animistic traditions. It is believed that voodoo originated in Benin and was introduced to Brazil and the Caribbean Islands by slaves taken from this particular area of the Slave Coast.
Eugene Weekly : Views : 06.03.04 Twospirited people could freely love each other as citizens of their Coast ofAfrica, the fon of Dahomey still have 12 different kinds of marriage. http://www.eugeneweekly.com/2004/06/03/views.html
Extractions: BY DAN CAROL This column is all about love and voting. The stars of this romantic entanglement, however, are not Hugh Grant, Pierce Brosnan or Emma Thompson. No sirree, it's you, Ralph Nader, and some mysterious stranger you haven't even met. Disgusted? Confused? Turned on a little? Let me explain. The theory was (and still is) pretty smart: Green voters want to show Democrats their true numbers, to get a little R-E-S-P-E-C-T. Vote swapping allows this to happen, without turning Green voters into spoilers. Everybody wins, except for George Bush. Vote swapping doesn't involve arguing, yelling, or shaming Nader voters into holding their nose when they vote. What it does require are thoughtful peer-to-peer conversations, trust, and maybe just a little love between distant strangers who are basically kinfolk in the same tribe. Sound good so far? You bet it does. Of course, the $64,000 question still looms large: just how do you find a vote-swapping partner? And will doing that be as painful as your first dance in junior high?
Benin African, distributed among 42 ethnic groups, the largest being the fon, 12th13th centuries The area was settled by a Ewespeaking people called the http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/countryfacts/benin.html
Extractions: GENERAL INFORMATION National name Rpublique du Bnin/Republic of Benin Area 112,622 sq km/43,483 sq mi Capital Porto-Novo (official), Cotonou (de facto) Major towns/cities Abomey, Natitingou, Parakou, Kandi, Ouidah, Djougou, Bohicon, Cotonou Major ports Cotonou Physical features flat to undulating terrain; hot and humid in south; semiarid in north; coastal lagoons with fishing villages on stilts; Niger River in northeast back to top GOVERNMENT Head of state and government Mathieu Kerekou from 1996 Political system emergent democracy Political executive limited presidency Administrative divisions twelve departments Political parties Union for the Triumph of Democratic Renewal (UTDR); National Party for Democracy and Development (PNDD); Party for Democratic Renewal (PRD); Social Democratic Party (PSD); National Union for Solidarity and Progress (UNSP); National Democratic Rally (RND). The general orientation of most parties is left of centre
Annual Reviews - Error ORIGINS OF AFRICAN DIASPORA STUDIES, Section The project s director had beenworking with indigenous people s organizations, the World Archaeological http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/doi/full/10.1146/annurev.anthro.30.1.387
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