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Finland History:     more books (100)

Finland: Webster's Timeline History, 5000BC - 1976 by Icon Group International, 2010-03-10 Finland: Webster's Timeline History, 1991 - 1999 by Icon Group International, 2010-03-10 Communist Parties of Scandinavia and Finland (The History of communism) by Anthony F. Upton, 1973-10 From Grand Duchy to a Modern State: A Political History of Finland since 1809 by Osmo Jussila, Seppo Hentila, et all 2000-03-01 From Grand Duchy to Modern State: Political History of Finland Since 1809 by Osmo Jussila, etc., et all 2000-01-14 Political parties in Finland: Essays in history and politics (Political history. C) by juhani mylly, 1984 The history of the social sciences in Finland: 1828-1918 (The history of learning and science in Finland, 1828-1918) by Erik Allardt, 1997 The Road to Prosperity: An Economic History of Finland (Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seuran Toimituksia,) by Jari Ojala, 2007-03 The Winter War: The Soviet Attack on Finland 1939-1940 by Eloise Engle, Lauri Paananen, 1992-01 Finland: Modern Architectures in History (Reaktion Books - Modern Architectures in History) by Roger Connah, 2006-03-15 The Winter War: Russia Against Finland (History of 2nd World War) by Richard Condon, 1972-11-03 Helsinki: A Cultural and Literary History (Cities of the Imagination) by Neil Kent, 2004-07-30 Finland (Enchantment of the World. Second Series) by Geri Clark, 2008-09 Dynamic Finland: The Political System and the Welfare State (Studia Fennica . Historica , 3) by Pertti Pesonen, Olavi Riihinen, 2004-12-30

lists with details

41. Entrez PubMed
    University students dental health service in finland history, organization, program, and finances. A brief review. RANTANEN AV.  
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1

42. History — Virtual Finland
    finland s policy of neutrality successfully fulfilled its task. Main outlines of Finnish history The major milestones on the road from Swedish province  
    http://virtual.finland.fi/History/

43. Main Outlines Of Finnish History — Virtual Finland
    Main outlines of Finnish history. Written for Virtual finland byby Dr. Seppo Zetterberg, professor of history, University of Jyväskylä  
    http://virtual.finland.fi/netcomm/news/showarticle.asp?intNWSAID=25909

44. History Of Finland (the S.c.nordic FAQ)
    The Nordic FAQ Frequently Answered Questions in the Usenet newsgroup soc.culture.nordic.  
    http://www.lysator.liu.se/nordic/scn/faq43.html
    
    Extractions: (for the period 1155-1809, see also the Swedish history section The First Crusade to Finland, launched by Swedes and led by the English bishop Henry and the Swedish king Erik (later canonized and made Sweden's patron saint, St.Erik, and Finland's patron saint, St.Henry, respectively ). According to the legend, bishop Henry is murdered by the peasant Lalli on the frozen surface of lake Köyliö. The bishop's seat is moved from Nousiainen to Koroinen in the vicinity of modern Turku; the year is considered to be the founding year of Turku, which becomes the capital of the eastern half of the kingdom. After a pagan uprising, the Second Crusade to Tavastia (a province of western/central Finland) is launched by Birger Jarl and the pagans are defeated. The Third Crusade by Sweden's marsk Torgils Knutsson to Karelia, a province of eastern Finland, establishes the borderline between Catholic West and Orthodox East for the centuries to come. The castle and town of Viipuri/Viborg are founded to defend the border.

45. Www.iue.it/LIB/SISSCO/VL/hist-finland/Index.html
    Encyclopedia finland/historyAn important part of the 16th century history in finland was growth of the area settled by farming population. The crown encouraged farmers from the Savo  
    http://www.iue.it/LIB/SISSCO/VL/hist-finland/Index.html

46. Detailed Country Profile: Finland
    Finns history of finland Gulf of finland Finnish sauna Neil Finn Finnish 200503-03 205324, finland makes NOKIA cell phones  
    http://www.nationmaster.com/country/fi
    
    Extractions: several. Compare All Top 5 Top 10 Top 20 Top 50 Top 100 Bottom 100 Bottom 20 Bottom 10 Bottom 5 All (desc) in category: Select Category Agriculture Crime Currency Democracy Disasters Economy Education Energy Environment Food Geography Government Health Identification Immigration Industry Internet Labor Language Lifestyle Media Military Mortality People Religion Sports Taxation Transportation with statistic: view: Correlations Printable graph / table Pie chart Scatterplot with ... * Asterisk means graphable. View full size Facts and figures: Age distribution Agriculture Background Crime ... Transportation Lists and articles: Companies Flag Music Provinces ... Finland is a country in North Europe and is member of the European Union . The main religion is christianity. The main languages are Finnish and Swedish Finland seceded from Russia in 1917. The country is a parliamentary democratic republic. The archipelage of Aland, mainly inhabited by Swedish speaking Finns , has self government Background Finland was a province and then a grand duchy under Sweden from the 12th to the 19th centuries and an autonomous grand duchy of Russia after 1809. It finally won its complete

47. Finland - History
    1 For most of its modern history, finland has been a battleground of Scandinavia. 3 From the earliest times of finland s history, Sweden, to finland s  
    http://www.edhelper.com/ReadingComprehension_Geography_226_1.html
    
    Extractions: By Ekaterina Zhdanova-Redman For most of its modern history, Finland has been a battleground of Scandinavia. Its location between Sweden and Russia kept it at the center of conflict for many years. Its location also meant that for much of its history, it would be ruled by either Sweden or Russia. It has been only in the last 100 years that Finland has enjoyed true independence. The history of people in Finland goes all the way back to when the country was covered in ice. In 8,000 BC, the ice started melting (in the south at first) revealing land suitable for humans. According to Finnish tradition, tribes began moving into Finland around this time. The ancestors of modern-day Finland moved into the area from present-day Russia and Estonia between 3,000 BC and the first century AD. From the earliest times of Finland's history, Sweden, to Finland's west, and Russia, to Finland's east, wanted to control Finland and its people, the Finns. During the years of the Swedish Vikings (800-1050) the Swedes first met the Finns, and first got the idea that they'd like to rule Finland. But so did the Russians, and in the 13th century, the Russians and the Swedes went to war over (and in) Finland. By the war's end in 1323, the Russians had managed to hold on to some land in Finland, but the Swedes took control of most of the rest of Finland. The Swedes ruled Finland for almost 500 years.

48. Statistics Finland - About Statistics Finland - History
    history. kuva. The Statistical Office of finland, EteläEsplanadi, Helsinki, in 1921. The persons in the picture from left to right are Tekla Hultin,  
    http://www.stat.fi/tk/tp/tkesittely_historia_en.html
    
    Extractions: From the Director General Contact information Organisation ... Customer service principles The Statistical Office of Finland, Etelä-Esplanadi, Helsinki, in 1921. The persons in the picture from left to right are Tekla Hultin, Arne G. Varonen, G. Modeen, Eino Kärki, Arvi Raivio, Valter Lindberg, A. E. Tudeer, I. Varpela. The origins of a statistical organisation in Finland date back to the mid-18th century when Finland was under Swedish rule and the Tabellverket (Tables Office) was set up in Sweden for the purpose of keeping population statistics. This marked the beginning of the world's longest, continuous population statistics. The founding of an independent Statistical Office of Finland on 4 October 1865 is regarded as the start of the history of Statistics Finland.

49. Statistics Finland - History
    history. The origins of a statistical organisation in finland date back to the mid18th century when finland was under Swedish rule and the Tabellverket  
    http://www.stat.fi/org/historia/index_en.html
    
    Extractions: Organisation History History: The origins of a statistical organisation in Finland date back to the mid-18th century when Finland was under Swedish rule and the Tabellverket (Tables Office) was set up in Sweden for the purpose of keeping population statistics. This marked the beginning of the world's longest, continuous population statistics. The founding of an independent Statistical Office of Finland on 4 October 1865 is regarded as the start of the history of Statistics Finland.

50. Järvi-Espoon Eräpartiolaiset Ry
    Includes program information, history, contacts, and events.  
    http://www.lpk.partio.fi/papa/jarea/

51. Southern Finland - History And Heritage
    finland.com All about finland finland.com main page Coming to finland Nature attractions / Craft centres and special shops / history and heritage  
    http://www.finland.com/catr-Sights-cat-History and heritage-sub-Southern Finland

52. Western Finland - History And Heritage
    finland.com All about finland finland.com main page Coming to finland Getting around +358 8 817 0494 kierikki@kierikki.fi history and heritage  
    http://www.finland.com/catr-Sights-cat-History and heritage-sub-Western Finland-

53. AllRefer.com - Finland : History : Early History To Independence, Scandinavia (S
    AllRefer.com reference and encyclopedia resource provides complete information on finland history Early history to Independence, Scandinavian Political  
    http://reference.allrefer.com/encyclopedia/F/Finland-history.html
    
    Extractions: By Alphabet : Encyclopedia A-Z F Related Category: Scandinavian Political Geography Finland, Finnish Suomi E Pronunciation Key History- Finland's first inhabitants, dating from about 7000 B.C. , probably followed the melting ice northward, attracted by a good supply of game. The first Finnish-speaking persons to enter the region, who were mostly nomadic hunters and fishers, migrated into Finland from the south. By the 8th cent. they had displaced the small number of Lapps who lived in central and S Finland and who were forced to move to the far north of the country, where they live today. The Finns were organized in small-scale political units, with only loose ties beyond the clan level. From the 11th cent. Christian missionaries were active in Finland. In the 13th cent. Sweden conquered the country. Under the Swedes, Finland enjoyed considerable independence, its political sophistication grew, commerce increased, and the Swedish language and culture were spread. In the mid-16th cent. Lutheranism was established in Finland, and in 1581 the country was raised to the rank of grand duchy. Finland suffered severely in the recurring wars between Sweden and Russia. In 1696 famine wiped out almost a third of the population. By the Treaty of Nystad (1721), which ended the

54. AllRefer.com - Finland - Historical Setting | Finnish Information Resource
    finland Introduction finland - history Historical Setting finland - ORIGINS OF THE FINNS finland - THE ERA OF SWEDISH RULE, c. 1150-1809  
    http://reference.allrefer.com/country-guide-study/finland/finland12.html
    
    Extractions: Finland Finland Fifteenth-century Olavinlinna Fortress in Savonlinna THE SIGNAL ACHIEVEMENT OF FINLAND has been its survival against great oddsagainst a harsh climate, physical and cultural isolation, and international dangers. Finland lies at higher latitudes than any other country in the world, and the punishing northern climate has complicated life there considerably. Geographically, Finland is on the remote northern periphery, far from the mass of Europe, yet near two larger states, Sweden and Russialater the Soviet Union, which have drawn it into innumerable wars and have dominated its development (see Finland - fig. 1 At the beginning of its recorded history, in the eleventh century A.D., Finland was conquered by its powerful neighbor, Sweden. Christianization and more than 600 years of Swedish rule (c. 1150-1809) made the Finns an essentially West European people, integrated into the religion, culture, economics, and politics of European civilization. The Finns have, however, maintained their own language, which is complex and is not related to most other European languages. The centuries of Swedish rule witnessed Finland's increasing involvement in European politics, particularly when the country served as a battleground between Sweden on the west and Russia on the east. Over the centuries, Russia has exerted an especially persistent and powerful pressure on Finland. Many wars were fought between Swedes and Finns on the one side and Russians on the other. Eventually, Russia conquered Finland and incorporated it into the Russian Empire, where it remained for more than a century, from 1809 to 1917.

55. Local Finland - History
    history. 1865–1873 First local elections, which lay the foundation for local 1917–1919 Upon finland’s independence, new legislation pertaining to  
    http://www.kunnat.net/k_perussivu.asp?path=1;161;279;280;37560

56. History — Virtual Finland
    A selection of illustrated articles on the history of finland written by leading academic experts  
    http://virtual.finland.fi/finfo/english/hist.html

57. Finland - History
    finland HAS BEEN THE SITE of human habitation since the last ice age ended The first dates in Finnish history are connected with the Swedish crusade of  
    http://countrystudies.us/finland/3.htm
    
    Extractions: History Finland Table of Contents FINLAND HAS BEEN THE SITE of human habitation since the last ice age ended 10,000 years ago. When the first Swedish-speaking settlers arrived in the ninth century, the country was home to people speaking languages belonging to the distinctive Finno- Ugric linguistic group, unrelated to the more prevalent Indo- European language family. The first dates in Finnish history are connected with the Swedish crusade of the 1150s that, according to legend, aimed at conquering the "heathen" Finns and converting them to Christianity. There was, however, no Swedish conquest of Finland. The bodies of water that lay between Finland and Sweden, rather than making them enemies or separating them, brought them together. Trade and settlement between the two areas intensified, and a political entity, the dual kingdom of Sweden-Finland, gradually evolved. During the seven centuries of Swedish rule, Finland was brought more and more into the kingdom's administrative system. Finland's ruling elite, invariably drawn from the country's Swedish-speaking inhabitants, traveled to Stockholm to participate in the Diet of the Four Estates and to help manage the kingdom's affairs. Swedish became the language of law and commerce in Finland; Finnish was spoken by the peasantry living away from the coasts. The clergy (Lutheran after the Protestant Reformation), who needed to communicate with their parishioners, were the only members of the educated classes likely to know Finnish well.

58. Itella Finland - History
    history of Itella. 9.2.2005 the name Atkos Ltd is officially changed to Itella finland Ltd. 2004. The Electronic Messaging business unit of finland Post  
    http://www.itella.fi/ilwww/finland/en/About_Itella/History/
    
    Extractions: About Itella Strategy and Values Business Areas History ... Partner Information Itella History Launch of the joint marketing name Itella The Electronic Messaging business unit of Finland Post changes its name to Information Logistics. Finland Post purchases Elma Electronic Trading. The Electronic Messaging services of Finland Post are transferred to Atkos. Atkos Printmail becomes Atkos Ltd in December. Atkos Printmail is entirely acquired by Finland Post. Atkos Printmail purchases the Tampere-based company Postlink Ltd. Finland Post sets up its Electronic Messaging business unit. Nordic Printmail purchases Atkos Ltd, a direct-mail advertising company established in 1970, and its name is changed to Atkos Printmail Oy. Finland Post starts to invest in electronic invoicing and transactions. Finland Post and Tieto establish Nordic Printmail Ltd, which takes over the printing operations of Finland Post and Tieto. Finland Post starts to develop EDI-conversion services. Finland Post starts to develop eLetter and printing services. Finland Post starts mailing operations.

59. Finland - HISTORY
    For much of its history, finland had been a poor country, For most of finland s history, the country had lived on the periphery of world events,  
    http://www.mongabay.com/reference/country_studies/finland/HISTORY.html
    
    Extractions: COUNTRY STUDIES FINLAND HAS BEEN THE SITE of human habitation since the last ice age ended 10,000 years ago. When the first Swedish-speaking settlers arrived in the ninth century, the country was home to people speaking languages belonging to the distinctive Finno- Ugric linguistic group, unrelated to the more prevalent Indo- European language family. The first dates in Finnish history are connected with the Swedish crusade of the 1150s that, according to legend, aimed at conquering the "heathen" Finns and converting them to Christianity. There was, however, no Swedish conquest of Finland. The bodies of water that lay between Finland and Sweden, rather than making them enemies or separating them, brought them together. Trade and settlement between the two areas intensified, and a political entity, the dual kingdom of Sweden-Finland, gradually evolved. During the seven centuries of Swedish rule, Finland was brought more and more into the kingdom's administrative system. Finland's ruling elite, invariably drawn from the country's Swedish-speaking inhabitants, traveled to Stockholm to participate in the Diet of the Four Estates and to help manage the kingdom's affairs. Swedish became the language of law and commerce in Finland; Finnish was spoken by the peasantry living away from the coasts. The clergy (Lutheran after the Protestant Reformation), who needed to communicate with their parishioners, were the only members of the educated classes likely to know Finnish well.

60. Medieval Castles — Virtual Finland
    Beautiful photographs from Virtual finland, with readable history by Dr. Carl Jacob Gardberg, State archaeologist.  
    http://virtual.finland.fi/finfo/english/castles.html
    
    Extractions: State archeologist Olavinlinna Castle In Finnish history, the prehistoric era is generally considered to end and the Middle Ages to begin in the 1150s, when, according to a Swedish chronicle, King Erik of Sweden and English-born Bishop Henry undertook a crusade to the southwestern parts of Finland. The chronicle's claim that the Bishop 'baptized' the Finns has later been modified. Archaeological finds have shown that Christianity had reached the Finns as early as the eleventh century, and the main purpose of the crusade was thus to establish Swedish dominion in Finland and organize a bishopric there. © Helmi Hämeenlinna, painting by Pehr Adolf Kruskopf, 1837 Thus the Swedes consolidated their power east of the Åland sea through three crusades. After each crusade, a castle was built to serve both defensive and administrative purposes. Turku castle was built at the mouth of the Aura river in southwest Finland, by the city of Turku, the foremost town in Finland up to the beginning of the 19th century. Häme castle in Häme was built after the second crusade. The third crusade led to the building of Viborg castle, on an island in the Gulf of Finland off the coast of Karelia. These three castles became the centres of three provinces discernible as early as the Iron Age, called Finland, Häme and Karelia. The name 'Finland' only meant the settlements in the southwestern parts of the country as late as the early Middle Ages.

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