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Currency Alternatives: more books (33)

Alternatives in postwar international monetary standards, (The Monetary Standards Inquiry. [Publications]) by Walter Earl Spahr, 1944
A reply to the Keynes plan ("bancor") and the Morganthau [!] plan ("unitas");: An alternative "volens" systems, by George Henry Stock, 1943
Symmetallism;: An alternative to orthodox bimetallism, by Barthold Andresen ButenschÃ¸n, 1936
2020 Vision: Imagining An Enlightened and Sustainable Future by Derek Joe Tennant, 2009-10-21

lists with details

Regulating Electronic Money
New products are being designed to challenge the use of currency and checks new products are actually efficient alternatives to official paper currency
http://www.cato.org/pubs/policy_report/cpr-19n2-1.html

Extractions: by Alan Greenspan Y ou have heard many points of view today on electronic money and banking. New products are being designed to challenge the use of currency and checks in millions of routine consumer transactions. Other new systems may allow payments or banking instructions to be sent over networks such as the Internet, which is unprecedented in providing versatile, low-cost communication capabilities. Again, as in the 1970s, articles are being written and conferences are being held to pronounce the end of paper. They may again prove premature. The payment systems of the United States present a paradox. Our systems and banking arrangements for handling high-value dollar payments are all electronic and have been for many years. Banking records, including those for loans and deposits, have been computerized since the 1960s. Securities markets also now rely on highly automated records and systems, born out of necessity following the paperwork crisis of the 1970s. Yet in transactions initiated by consumers, papercurrency and checksremains the payment system of choice. Debit and ATM cards, along with Automated Clearing House payments, account for a very small percentage of transactions. Even the use of popular credit cards has only recently begun to challenge paper's dominance.
FT.com / World / US - Bush Wants Alternatives To Darwinism Taught In School
Bush wants alternatives to Darwinism taught in school FT Research Centre FT conferences currency converter Working at the FT FT diaries
http://news.ft.com/cms/s/e3658032-03bb-11da-b54a-00000e2511c8.html

Extractions: // Do not remove!!! // Do not remove!!! // Do not remove!!! // Do not remove!!! // Do not remove!!! All times are London time. Sign up now Take a tour Username Password Remember me World US Main page content: Bush wants alternatives to Darwinism taught in school By Caroline Daniel in Washington President George W. Bush stirred the debate on the teaching of evolution in schools when he said this week that he supported the teaching of alternative viewpoints - such as the theory of Intelligent Design - to help students "understand what the debate is about". "I think that part of education is to expose people to different schools of thought," Mr Bush said in comments to five Texas newspapers on Monday. "You're asking me whether or not people ought to be exposed to different ideas, the answer is yes." The rest of this article is for FT.com subscribers only Â Â Want to read more? Skip to remaining content Main navigation menu: "World" sub navigation "Europe" sub navigation "Companies" sub navigation "By industry" sub navigation "By region" sub navigation "Markets" sub navigation "Equities" sub navigation
Asian Central Banks Consider Alternatives To Big Dollar Holdings
alternatives to Big Dollar Holdings. By Phillip Day and Hae Won Choi Korea needs to invest its foreigncurrency resources more effectively, says Choi
http://www.globalpolicy.org/socecon/crisis/2004/0205dollaralternative.htm

Extractions: A number of Asian central banks, among the biggest investors in U.S. government debt, are looking at alternative targets for their vast dollar holdings. South Korea, looking for better returns, plans to hand over as much as $20 billion of its foreign-exchange reserves, which total the equivalent of $157 billion, to private fund managers next year. Taiwan wants to put some of its $200 billion of reserves toward helping local companies and diversifying the economy. Thailand will use $7 billion of reserves to pay off the foreign debts of its government agencies and state enterprises. It isn't clear that Asian central banks will necessarily fund these plans by switching out of holdings of U.S. government debt. Asia's bigger central banks have estimated holdings totaling nearly $1 trillion of U.S. government bonds, including Treasurys, privately held government bonds and debt of government-sponsored agencies, such as mortgage buyer Fannie Mae. Inflows from Asia into this U.S. debt have provided vital support for the U.S. financial system. They have helped to finance the budget deficit and made it easier for the Federal Reserve to boost the economy by holding down interest rates. Foreign buying of debt is "critical it's probably the biggest driver" of the Treasury market recently, says Michael Ryan, a strategist with UBS in New York. The percentage of U.S. government debt owned by foreigners stood at 37.3% last year, compared with 33.9% in 2002 and less than 4.7% in 1965. Foreign central banks hold more than $800 billion in Treasurys $1 of every $5 the U.S. government owes.
PayPal Fraud Warning - Virus Alert, PayPal Alternatives, Horror Stories, EBay -
PayPal Problems, court rulings, lawsuits, top alternatives and much more. currency no matter the brand or origin is the commodity of greatest value to
http://www.paypalwarning.com/letter_to_better_business_bureau_about_paypal

Extractions: Letter To Better Business Bureau By Mike Letter to BBB National 05/26/2004 I am sure you have gotten this complaint many, many times and I am quite sure that there is nothing you folks can do to help me in my situation. PayPal has decided to freeze over 15,000.00 in my PayPal Account. I am probably guilty of not understanding what could happen, from everyone who I spoken to about this they have explained to me how ignorant I was for leaving that much money in my account. I was told by a PayPal customer service rep not to worry about loosing my money that that this only happens to people that are thieves or foreigners, which I am neither. The truly shameful aspect of this ongoing cycle at PayPal is that it seems they have negotiated with your organization a platform by which they have publicly stated that they were changing the ways they attended to their customers needs and would work diligently with you to improve their standing in the consumers eye, this supposedly at your urging,. This now seems to have guaranteed them the sanctity of an untarnished or unreported record from your organization. From my over 20 hours of research on this subject along with my own recent experience would lead me to believe that they have not changed their ways at all and they have succeeded in getting your organization to hide the complaints and disputes of consumers which must be in the thousands. Eventually this company must be drawn in to the restraints of common and ethical business practice for the protection of the American Consumer, thousands of people are being hurt by this companys imperialistic authority over the money people entrust to them.
PayPal Fraud Warning - Virus Alert, PayPal Alternatives, Horror Stories, EBay -
PayPal Problems, court rulings, lawsuits, top alternatives and much more. Large amounts of money were transferred in, converted to other currency types,
http://www.paypalwarning.com/my_paypal_account_was_hijacked

Extractions: My PayPal Account Was Hijacked By Anne Haight On October 15, 2003, my Paypal account was hijacked and became part of a currency laundering scheme of some variety. Large amounts of money were transferred in, converted to other currency types, transferred out, etc. I had nothing to do with any of this. Paypal noticed, and began immediately reversing the activity. I was alarmed enough that I removed my credit card and bank account connection from my Paypal account, so there was no vulnerablility to me financially. I wanted to close the account, but was not allowed to do so because there were "negative balances" on my account in various foreign currencies. This is only because the transaction reversals were still going on, so I decided to wait until it all settled down. So today I'm notified that my Paypal account has a negative balance of $109.86 USD, and this is in violation of the Terms of Service agreement. I was asked to please immediately transfer some funds into the account to return the balance to zero. I hadn't done anything with that account since October, before all this crap started. I never carry a balance I do direct transfers from my bank account. There's no conceivable way that negative balance could possibly be my fault, and now Paypal wants me to pay them $109.86 because they can't do math correctly?
European Currency Information - The Euro - ATM - Money Exchange
All you need to know about the Euro, currency rates, banking information, Here are some tips on ATM use and alternatives to the standard Credit Card or
http://goeurope.about.com/cs/currency/

Extractions: zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Travel Europe for Visitors Travel ... Help zau(256,140,140,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/C.htm','');w(xb+xb+' ');zau(256,140,140,'von','http://z.about.com/0/ip/496/7.htm','');w(xb+xb); Sign Up Now for the Europe for Visitors newsletter!
The Potential Of Local Currency
The move toward local currency is not only motivated by the desire to bridge Swann has tirelessly sought alternatives to the federal currency system.
http://www.zmag.org/ZMag/articles/july95lowry.htm

Extractions: from the pages of July/August 1995 Communities The Potential of Local Currency By Susan Meeker-Lowry People have always traded and bartered with each other. As economies became more complex, money was created as a more convenient means of exchange. In those early days, money was generally a commodity something valued by the people who agreed to use it. Iron nails were used as money in Scotland, dried cod in Newfoundland, sugar in some West Indies Islands, salt in ancient Rome, wampum by Native Americans, corn in Massachusetts in the 1600s. Sometimes money was backed by a commodity: the first Latin coins were stamped with the image of a cow and could be redeemed for cattle. Paper money was created in the 1700s. It was basically an IOU backed by gold and silver but these standards were abandoned (first in 1933 by President Roosevelt for U.S. citizens, then in 1971 by President Nixon for everyone else), so today our money is backed by nothing but promises (and debt). Thomas Greco, Jr., a community economist and author of New Money for Healthy Communities states that, "The proper kind of money used in the right circumstances is a liberating tool that can allow the fuller expression of human creativity. Money has not lived up to its potential as a liberator because it has been perverted by the monopolization of its creation and by politically manipulating its distribution which makes it available to the favored few and scarce for everyone else."
Uniteddiversity : Wiki : Money
International Journal of Community currency Research Thomas Greco s MONEY Understanding and Creating alternatives to Legal Tender is an excellent
http://ud.lir.be/money

Extractions: uniteddiversity : wiki Money Find in entire site wiki pages galleries images files forums Tiki community Tue 20 Sep, 2005 [18:00] Home Contact us Stats Friendship Network Wiki Image Galleries Forums File Galleries Wiki Home Last Changes Rankings List pages Galleries List forums Rankings List galleries Rankings (cached) backlinks... Books BriefHistoryOfMoney FinancialCapital Gdr GripOfDeath Guide HomePage MoneyDebtAndBanks MoneyLinks MoneyToday WhatIsTheMatterWithMoney
Antidepressant Alternatives - Natural Holistic Antidepressants
Antidepressant alternatives MindSoothe Jr. Natural Holistic Antidepressants with Japan etc) within 10-14 business days! View the cost in your currency
http://www.nativeremedies.com/mindsoothe_jr_research.shtml

Extractions: var okay = false; Home Ask Us Products Specials ... For Pets Product List AllergiClear Aqua-Rite Be-Dry BioVent Brain Tonic BrightSpark ADD BronchoSoothe Candidate CanTravel Cholesto-Rite ClearSkin Gel ClearSkin Face Wash Crave-Rx Detox Drops Diabetonic Digestion Tonic DigestAssist Dong Quai EcoSlim Eczema Cream Fatigue Fighter Femalite Fertile XX and XY Focus ADHD Focus ADDult Gastronic Dr. High-Rite iBaba Ikawe Immunity Plus Insulate Plus Joint Ease K-OK Kiddie Calmer MellowPause MemoRise MiGone Plus MindSoothe MindSoothe Jr. Mood Tonic Natural Moves Nerve Tonic NicoTonic Prostate Dr. PureCalm Rx-Hale SerenitePlus Serenite-LT Serenite Caps Serenite Jr. Slimmer's Assist Sleep Tonic Study Plus SOS HistaDrops Thanda Thyroid Assist Tula UTI-Clear UT Tonic Vizu-All Combo Packs Toll Free
Manic Depression Treatment Alternatives Mood Disorders In Teens, Adults
Manic Depression Treatment alternatives Mood Disorders in Teens, Adults. Japan etc) within 1014 business days! View the cost in your currency
http://www.nativeremedies.com/mindsoothe-ingredients.shtml

Extractions: var okay = false; Home Ask Us Products Specials ... For Pets Product List AllergiClear Aqua-Rite Be-Dry BioVent Brain Tonic BrightSpark ADD BronchoSoothe Candidate CanTravel Cholesto-Rite ClearSkin Gel ClearSkin Face Wash Crave-Rx Detox Drops Diabetonic Digestion Tonic DigestAssist Dong Quai EcoSlim Eczema Cream Fatigue Fighter Femalite Fertile XX and XY Focus ADHD Focus ADDult Gastronic Dr. High-Rite iBaba Ikawe Immunity Plus Insulate Plus Joint Ease K-OK Kiddie Calmer MellowPause MemoRise MiGone Plus MindSoothe MindSoothe Jr. Mood Tonic Natural Moves Nerve Tonic NicoTonic Prostate Dr. PureCalm Rx-Hale SerenitePlus Serenite-LT Serenite Caps Serenite Jr. Slimmer's Assist Sleep Tonic Study Plus SOS HistaDrops Thanda Thyroid Assist Tula UTI-Clear UT Tonic Vizu-All Combo Packs Toll Free
NCPA EXECUTIVE ALERT Nd95 : Central Bank Alternatives
Two alternatives to a central bank are dollarization, in which US currency freely circulates and is used to denominate prices, or a currency board that
http://www.ncpa.org/ea/eand95/eand95i.html

Extractions: In developing countries, central banks have produced high rates of inflation by issuing third-rate currencies. As a result, many people in those countries exchange their local currency for a stable foreign one as quickly as they can. Two alternatives to a central bank are "dollarization," in which U.S. currency freely circulates and is used to denominate prices, or a currency board that issues currency backed by dollar reserves and convertible into dollars at a fixed rate. Source: Steve H. Hanke, "The Curse of Central Banking,"
G8-Alternatives :: View Topic - The Perfect Storm:Peak Oil And The End Of Global
This will serve to devalue its currency (increasing oil other import prices), The fuel alternatives are there to be had. Most likely there are several
http://www.g8alternatives.org.uk/g8bb/viewtopic.php?t=44&
Alternatives To Inflation Targets FT 01/03/01
alternatives to inflation targets Samuel Brittan Financial Times 01/03/01 committed to convert on application any currency or deposits issued into
http://www.samuelbrittan.co.uk/text71_p.html

Extractions: Despite their recent success inflation targets are highly unlikely to be the last word in monetary policy There is one prediction about the next Wednesday's British Budget which can be safely made. That is that no sooner has the chancellor Gordon Brown sat down than financial discussion will shift to the likely decision of the Monetary Policy Committee, the very next day, on UK short term interest rates. In principle the decision must be guided by the Chancellor's directive that the inflation target is "at all times" 2½ per cent and by the threat of having to write a letter of explanation to him if the recorded rate deviates by more than 1 percentage point on either side. Indeed inflation targets have enjoyed such success in the last decade that it seems vain to query them. Yet it is just in such periods that it is most necessary to look at the weaknesses of the prevailing regime and ask what is to follow, It is not enough to go on blindly reiterating what the Chancellor said in 1997. The Chancellor introduced a 2½ per cent inflation target as a rough and ready way of preventing the Bank of England from being too contractionary in the face of recession, as it was in the 1920s. But circumstances in which this target would be inappropriate are easy to envisage.
IMoneyNet - About IMoneyNet
icon_thread RE Int l currency fund, 841, 144, cindy, 200412-01 icon_reading_article Good alternatives to mm funds, 1408, 240, Anonymous User
http://www.imoneynet.com/bbs/iMoneyNetBBS/a_5/a_8/a_2/a_8?expand_all=1&start=1&s
Global Exchange : DebtCrisis.html
The Global Economy alternatives debtCrisis.html For each sum of local currency deposited into its People s Development Fund, that particular
http://www.globalexchange.org/campaigns/alternatives/debtCrisis.html

Extractions: A New Approach to the Third World Debt Crisis by Kevin Danaher Dozens of countries, large and small, have foreign debts so large that their interest payments on the debt are a crushing burden. The Republic of the Congo, for example, has annual debt service payments equal to 50 percent of its export earnings; Uganda's debt service equals 44 percent of its exports. Not surprisingly many countries cannot keep up with their interest payments, let alone ever hope of paying off the principal. The situation has gotten so hopeless that even the the World Bank and IMF have been forced to admit that debt relief is necessary. With the approval of G-7 leaders, the Bank and IMG approved a plan at their 1996 annual meeting to address the debt dilemma of the heavily indebted poor countries (HIPC). The ostensible goal of this multilateral debt facility is to ease the worst cases while maintaining strict criteria that will reassure the bankers. The requirements a country would need to meet include: having already agreed to a debt reduction plan on their commercial and bilateral debt, and possessing a good record on "economic reform" (i.e., past compliance with structural adjustment). The World Bank assumes that only about two dozen countries could possibly qualify. Critics such as Christian Aid in England have pointed out that the plan fails to provide enough relief: only about 3 percent of total HIPC debt could be written off if all the strict conditions were met.
AltBank - Research, Solutions And Alternatives
Research Solutions and alternatives. Salt Spring Island currency (http//saltspring.gulfislands.com/money/welcome.htm)- Stephen Pederson
http://altbank.apirg.org/solutions_alts/saltspringdollars_st.htm

Extractions: The Salt spring island currency is unique in Canada in the way it addresses the problem of limited circulation faced by other local currencies. The island dollars are redeemable 100% in Canadian dollars and so when using them no monetary sacrifice need be made by the user or the acceptor. All the while money is still raised for worthy community projects. On July 17th 2001 a not-for-profit-society, the Salt Spring Island Monetary Foundation, was established with the purpose of designing, issuing and maintaining a local currency. This currency was to raise funds for worthwhile community projects while promoting local commerce and goodwill. There was a $10.00 annual membership fee but unlike with the Calgary dollars membership was not the means used to put the money into circulation. Instead similar to the Toronto dollars anyone could purchase the currency at a local financial institution. For its profits to be realized the society hoped that many of the bills would be kept as collectors items or taken off island. Limited edition works of Art by local artists adorned the bills and added to their value as a collectible item and the large volume of tourists visiting the island ensured that much of the local currency purchased would never be redeemed.
AltBank - Research, Solutions And Alternatives
Research Solutions and alternatives Also the process of exchanging the currency is difficult and depends mainly on volunteer labour at a few booths in
http://altbank.apirg.org/solutions_alts/torontodollars_st.htm
Alternatives To The NWO
Obviously a local currency is extremely useful in setting up alternatives to the NWO .what about a local ecurrency? The extreme diversity of talents and
http://archives.openflows.org/hacktivism/hacktivism00934.html
Exchange Rate Modeling
alternatives to a currency devaluation also exist. For example, a country could become more protectionist in terms of tariffs and other trade barriers (as
http://www.fenews.com/fen41/fin_innovations/fin_innovations.html

Extractions: Exchange Rate Modeling By Austin Murphy, Ph.D. Exchange rates represent extremely complex variables that economists and financial engineers historically have found to be difficult to model effectively. However, a new approach concentrates on the financial expectations of currency investors, whose trading dominates the market for foreign exchange. In fact, more than 90 percent of the more than $1 trillion in daily currency trading volume is conducted for purpose of investment as opposed to paying for the international trade of real goods and services. Currency investors generally are interested strictly in returns, which for most consist of both the interest yield and the appreciation/depreciation of the currency over the holding period. For many, the interest yield component can be detected in advance from bank deposit rates and government bond yields. However, the change in the currency value in the market is ex-ante unknown before investment. My article in the 2003 Practical Financial Economics If investors perceive no chance of a non devaluation alternative, then interest rate differentials (and implied forward exchange rates) will reflect the extent of the devaluation that must occur in order to balance the current account. The size of the devaluation will depend on elasticity of both imports and exports to changes in relative prices caused by a devaluation.
Stefan Braunstein: Currency
currency 3.x written by Henrique M. Martins (HMM) is a freeware currency converter with alternatives. You can check other currency converters here.
http://www.braunstein.de/pda/palm/currency/en/home.html

Extractions: and The program itself is available with full sources and will be maintained from a new author or team of different authors. For feature requests, bug reports, etc. see the wishlist [Updates] The currency rates has been updated by HMM at no charge on a regular basis on his homepage until July, 10 2001. But due to problems with (his) Palm (III), with OANDA and last but not least with his webspace provider, HMM was not able to continue this service of daily updates. He already wrote a Currency version 4.0 with online updates, but was not allowed to use the OANDA service anymore (even for the former versions). I am able to provide you with new Currency Updates The new URL is: http://www.braunstein.de/ftp/palm/currency-updates/cupdate.pdb [Discussions] ... should be held in english in [alt.] comp.sys.palmtops.pilot or in german in de.comp.sys.handhelds.palm-pilot

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