Spanish Explorers Venture To The New World The Spanish conquistadors were one group of explorers who sailed for Spain. Imagine you are a conquistador on a ship sailing to the new world during the http://www.dedham.k12.ma.us/elementary/riverdale/WebQuests/Nichols-Ouellette/Spa
Extractions: Spanish Explorers: In Search Of ? A WebQuest for 5th Grade Question l Background Information l Tasks l Resources l Activities l Assessment Question Why did the Spanish explorers risk their lives to explore new lands? Background Information The age of exploration was driven by a combination of many forces. European countries had a variety of political, religious, and economic reasons to explore new lands. Individual explorers often shared some of the same motives as the nations they represented but often they had their own reasons for exploring. The Spanish conquistadors were one group of explorers who sailed for Spain. They explored the Americas during the first half of the 1500's. It was during this time that the Spanish dominated the settlement of the Americas. Task Imagine you are a conquistador on a ship sailing to the New World during the 16th century. You have decided to tell the members of your crew all about your hopes and dreams for the upcoming seafaring adventure. You must choose one of the explorers in the table below to research. Your expert knowledge of one of these daring men will uncover the answer to our question.
Spanish Discovery And Colonization Spanish conquest in the new world was driven by the three G sgold, glory, andgospel. In his drive to gather riches, Columbus (and later conquistadors) http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h436.html
Extractions: Spanish Discovery and Colonization During the 15th century, the Iberian Peninsula at the western end of the Mediterranean Sea became the focal point of European efforts to reach the riches of Asia by a sea route, rather than depend on the dangerous, costly and time-consuming ancient trade routes through the Middle East. Tiny Portugal emerged as the original leader of this effort. Lacking a coast on the Mediterranean, it was not surprising that the Portuguese sought a route to the East by rounding the tip of Africa. The most influential figure in the rise of Portuguese maritime strength was Henry the Navigator , who marshaled experts and information to found an empire. Neighboring Spain was slower to respond to the challenge due in large part to disunity. Regional kingdoms vied with one another for supremacy, but sometimes joined forces to confront the Moors (North African Muslims who had occupied portions of Spain since the early 700s). Unification took a major step forward in 1469 when Ferdinand of Aragon married Isabella of Castile; their two kingdoms were formally joined five years later, which provided Spain with the most dynamic monarchy in Europe. The Moorish presence was ended in early 1492, when the stronghold of Granada fell. Ferdinand and Isabella, known as the Catholic kings, celebrated the victory in part by expelling the Jews from Spain. This move earned high marks from the pope, but dealt a severe economic blow to the nation. The defeat of the Moors also freed the monarchs to support exploratory ventures, including those of
Explorers Of Mexico - EnchantedLearning.com Explorers and conquistadors of Mexico. The Spanish began exploring, looting, In 1508, he sailed to the new world twice with Juan Díaz de Solís, http://www.enchantedlearning.com/explorers/mexico.shtml
Extractions: Captain Juan Bautista de Anza (1736-1788) was a Mexican-born trailblazer and explorer. He was the first person of European descent to establish an overland trail from Mexico to the northern Pacific coast of California (then called New Albion). He found a corridor through the desolate Sonoran Desert. His expeditions brought hundreds of settlers to California. He founded the cities of Los Angeles, San Francisco, and San Jose. De Anza was the commander of the presidio at Tubac. CABEZA DE VACA, ALVAR NUNEZ
Explorers new; Explorers Includes names, dates, and ONLY basic information. Spanish conquistadors in North America Spanish Explorers Spanish exploration and http://edtech.kennesaw.edu/web/explorer.html
Extractions: Explorers Research/Informational Sites 1492 - An Ongoing Voyage - See all of this exhibit! Don't miss a link! Age of Exploration Cabeza de Vaca's Trails - Use the drop-down menu to explore this Web site. Conquest Trails..Alabama Conquest Trails in North America - Click on the map to zoom in to a certain area. Conquistadors - From PBS. DeSoto De Soto's Trail - Click on the map to zoom in on a certain area! DeSoto's Trail Through Georgia Discoveries After Prince Henry Discoverers by Alphabet - Scroll down and click on the explorer you wish to learn about. Discoverers Web - This site provides a comprehensive list of sources about exploration and discovery. Discovery and Exploration - From the Library of Congress. Dynamic Explorers ..History for Teens - Learn about De Soto and DeVaca and the Native Americans here. Explorers - Includes names, dates, and ONLY basic information. Explorers - Theme page. European Explorers - Links to French, Spanish, English, and Portuguese explorers. Ferdinand Magellan - Click See Magellan's Voyage (at the bottom of the page) to see a nice map with Magellan's route in red. Francis Drake Henry Hudson Henry, the Navigator
FLORIDA OF THE CONQUISTADOR The conquistadors of Spain who ventured into the lands of the Indians were Only in the new world was there the opportunity for quick advancement in the http://www.floridahistory.org/floridians/conquis.htm
Extractions: Useful LINKS for Florida of the Conquistadors Unknown to the Indians of Florida, their destiny was being determined by political and economic forces taking place across the Atlantic Ocean in Europe. At the end of the fifteenth century, thousands of daring adventurers would be crossing the ocean to conquer within a few centuries what had taken the Indians thousands to years to inhabit. This "Age of Exploration" was fostered by the development of maritime technology and the belief in an economic philosophy called mercantilism which decreed that a nation that was not self-sufficient will be dominated by its neighbors. At first, it was trade with the Middle East that determined this wealth, but with the discovery in 1492 for another hemisphere by Christopher Columbus, the need to travel west to the Americas became the focus. The conquistadors of Spain who ventured into the lands of the Indians were motivated by many forces. The discovery of gold in Mexico and Peru caused thousands of impoverished Spanish peasants to join the military. Under the rules of primogeniture
SparkNotes: SAT II U.S. History: The Age Of Exploration He returned to the new world in 1493 and established the settlement of SantoDomingo as late start in the exploration and colonization of the new world. http://www.sparknotes.com/testprep/books/sat2/history/chapter5section2.rhtml
Extractions: saveBookmark("", "", ""); Jump to a New Chapter Introduction to the SAT II Introduction to the SAT II U.S. History Strategies for Taking the SAT II U.S. History America Before the Europeans The Colonial Period Revolution and Constitution A New Nation The Age of Jackson Cultural Trends: 1781âMid-1800s Westward Expansion and Sectional Strife Civil War and Reconstruction Industrial Revolution The Age of Imperialism The Progressive Era World War I The Roaring Twenties The Great Depression and the New Deal World War II The 1950s: Cold War, Civil Rights, and Social Trends The 1960s Glossary Practice Tests Are Your Best Friends continue to the next section >> Exploration Before Columbus The Age of Exploration ... Colonial Wars The Age of Exploration Though Columbus was not the first to discover the New World, his landing in the New World in 1492 is important: it ushered in an era of unprecedented European exploration and settlement of the Americas. This period is known as the Age of Exploration. During this age, European explorers searched for trade routes, overseas wealth, and adventure. Technological innovations spurred the exploration boom. A âmaritime revolutionâ in Europe saw the invention of the the astrolabe, a device used to determine latitude; the caravel, an large ship of unprecedented speed; and the magnetic compass. Important Names in The Age of Exploration Name Country Achievement(s) Christopher Columbus Spain 1492: Reached Bahamas; explored Cuba, Haiti
Conquistadors In The New And Old World conquistadors. IN THE. OLD AND new world As a breed of men conquistadors werenot new to Spain indeed they had been part of her culture for almost 800 http://linux1.tlc.north.denver.k12.co.us/~gmoreno/gmoreno/Conquistadors.html
Extractions: Denver Museum of Natural History 1492 was perhaps the most momentous year in all of Spainish history. Under the leadership of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile, Spain was united for the first time in 800 years and the last of the Moors had just been sucessfully defeated at Granada. In this same year under the urging of Torquemada, master of the Inquisition, an edict had been issued expelling the Jews from Spain. In addition, after six long years of waiting around the periphery of the royal court, Christopher Columbus had finally been given permission to set sail westward to search for the riches of the east Indies. The final battle was fought at Granada. It had been preceeded by the fall of two other major centers of Arab rule in the south, Malaga and Baza, which had weakened Granada's will to resist. The seige of this great fortress city began in April of 1491 and on Jan.2,1492, Granada surendered and the beautiful capital city opened its gates to the Spainards. Spain was on the Threshold of a new period of discovery amd nationalism. This fervent religious crusade of Christian against Moslem had taken 800 years to complete and the centuries of constant fighting had created a pool of soldiers and a mounted nobility that were little more than warlords. These men born to the saddle and the sword and acustomed to booty and living off the land, still burnedwith the wild religious fervour that had led to the victory over the Moors. When in 1492 the last battles had finally been won, conquistadors of the Spanish crusade were suddenly unemployed. These were men with little to lose and much to gain by adventuring in the New Worlds encountered by Columbus.
The Travel Of Disease Jackie Kahn Human Mobility, In Terms Of The Spanish conquistadors and other empirically funded expeditions to the newworlds were In the new world, the explorers remained close to the coast, http://fubini.swarthmore.edu/~ENVS2/Jackie/disease.htm
Extractions: The Travel of Disease Jackie Kahn th century, and down to 1 million in 1600. Through contaminated blankets and clothing, physical contact, and simpler cohabitation, the Europeans were able to eliminate entire cultures almost inactively. And surprisingly, they were able to avoid similar effects on their own populations.
Extractions: Explorers A Bequest Unearthed, Phoenicia - Phoenicia, origin, history. Athena Review - Journal of Archaeology, History, and Exploration. Caesar, Julius - Caesar's Commentaries on the Gallic and Civil Wars: with the Supplementary Books attributed to Hirtius. Christopher Columbus - Important Facts About Christopher Columbus. Discoverers Web - In this project I try to gather all kinds of information found on the web about voyages of discovery and exploration. Exploration - After Prince Henry First Europeans - Traveled to Khan's Court.
Extractions: Discovering the Americas (Also available in Spanish The age of exploration emerged when European countries explored new lands for political, religious and economic reasons. Spain looked to expand its knowledge of the world, to discover spices and riches and to expand Christianity. This quest drove many Spaniards to a New World where they vigorously explored and conquered rugged lands on two continents beginning in the late 1400s. While many explorers investigated Mexico and Central America, others tentatively explored what is now the United States of America. Spanish Conquistadores Alvar Cabeza de Vaca explored Texas, Arizona and New Mexico.
Conquistadors 2 One historian who wrote about the Spanish explorers in the new world used thesewords to describe the conquistadors; bravery, cruelty, endurance, greed, http://www.edhelper.com/ReadingComprehension_31_4.html
Extractions: By Sharon Fabian Conquistadors Conquerors Soldiers from Spain, one of the world superpowers of the 1500s, who explored, conquered, and settled in the New World. They came looking for gold, silver, land, and glory. Their equipment included cannons aboard their ships, iron weapons including crossbows, swords, and spears, and iron armor. Aztecs and Incas Native Americans who had developed and maintained civilizations in America for hundreds of years. At the time of the conquistadors' invasion, the Aztec and Inca armies had been weakened by civil wars. Their equipment included bronze and copper shields, stone knives, and cloth armor.
Spanish Explorers Of America 6 The king of Spain saw that the new world was full of riches. 7 To help getmore gold from the new world, soldiers called conquistadors were sent in. http://www.edhelper.com/ReadingComprehension_35_157.html
Extractions: When Columbus sailed west in 1492, he did not find China. He found the island of Haiti. He thought the land was really India and called the natives, Indians. He soon found out that he was wrong. That did not matter. He saw that the land was good and the people had gold. He went back to Spain and told the queen. She was very happy with him. He made three more trips back to the new world.
New World Explorers General Sites about Explorers, Specific Explorers. conquistadors This site, created Explorers This site provides profiles of many new world explorers, http://www.davison.k12.mi.us/dms/library/cybrary/new_world_explorers/new_world_e
Extractions: New World Explorers General Sites about Explorers Specific Explorers Conquistadors : This site, created by PBS, looks at the work of four Spanish explorers: Cortes, Pizarro, de Orellano, and de Vaca. This is a fascinating site to investigate! Vasco Nunez de Balboa Explorers : This site provides profiles of many New World explorers, along with suggested activities and on-line quizzes. This site was created by students! John Cabot Explorers of the Millennium : This site offers profiles on 29 different explorers, plus a timeline! BE CAREFUL - some of the explorers are not New World explorers. Jacques Cartier Treasure Trove of North American Exploration : This site gives good biographical information for explorers from 1492 - 1905. Samuel de Champlain The Age of Exploration : A fairly extensive list of explorers with longer biographical information. This site also includes maps if possible. This would be a good place to start!
Extractions: Bristol Mariners seem to have visited Canada in the 1480s, and Christopher Columbus may have learned of, and been inspired by, their voyages. In 1492, William Ayers, an Irishman undoubtedly familiar with English activities, sailed with Columbus on the Santa Maria. In 1497 and 1498 John Cabot, like Columbus a Genoese expatriate, explored eastern Canada under the English flag. By 1502 Englishmen were trading in Newfoundland and parts south, and organizing syndicates, some involving Azorean Portuguese, to exploit the fisheries there. England did not miss the entire European rediscovery of the Western Hemisphere, but did retire early. While England slept, Spain became dominant in the New World and on the high seas. In 1493, during his second voyage, Columbus founded Isabela, the first permanent Spanish settlement in the New World, on Hispaniola. After finding gold in recoverable quantities nearby, the Spanish quickly overran the island and spread to Puerto Rico in 1508, to Jamaica in 1509, and to Cuba in 1511. The natives fared badly. Many died in one-sided armed conflict with soldiers and settlers, or in forced servitude in mines and on plantations. Others died of diseases to which they had no immunity. By mid-century, the native Ciboney of Hispaniola and western Cuba were extinct, and other tribes, including the Arawak of Puerto Rico, were nearly so. Beginning in 1508, Spanish settlements sprang up on the mainland of Central and South America. In 1519, just six years after Balboa had crossed the Isthmus of Panama and claimed the entire Pacific Ocean for Spain, Pedro Arias de Avila, Balboa's father-in-law and executioner, founded the city of Panama on the
EN37120 - AM DREAMS/NEW WORLD NIGHTMARES:LIT OF THE AMERICAS to introduce students to the variety and range of new world writing; conquistadors and Colonisation Bernal Diaz, The Conquest of new Spain, ed. http://www.aber.ac.uk/modules/2004/EN37120.html
Extractions: Module Identifier Module Title AM DREAMS/NEW WORLD NIGHTMARES:LIT OF THE AMERICAS Academic Year Co-ordinator Dr Claire E Jowitt Semester Semester 2 Course delivery Seminars / Tutorials 20 Hours Seminar. (10 x 2 hour seminar workshops) Assessment Assessment Type Assessment Length/Details Proportion Semester Assessment Essay: 2 x 2,500 word continuously assessed essays On completion of this module students should typically be able to: - explain and engage with relevant aspects of recent critical and/or theoretical debates about the texts studied This module introduces students to the kinds of descriptions of the New World in circulation in the first two hundred years after 'discovery'. From Columbus' first footfall in 1492 (when he believed he had merely discovered a new route to the Old World) until the mid-seventeenth century (when European trade with and settlements in the New World were well-established), we explore the varied and contradictory representations of the land that came to be called 'America'. We study conquistadors' accounts of the conquest of America where, for example, the land is represented as a virgin to be penetrated and the indigenous inhabitants are described as animals or slaves to be put to work or killed. We look at the ways American dreams turned to nightmares by focusing on the European debate about human rights because of New World atrocities. We then turn to look at the uses English explorers made of the so-called 'Black Legend' concerning Spanish treatment of indigenous Americans in order to further their own territorial ambitions. We look at the ways English colonists, like the Spanish before them, represented their relationship with 'America' sexually as they searched for the gold of the fabled Eldorado. We also explore other fantasies that English writers used to represent America. A central concern of this module is the relationship between 'real' and 'imagined' versions of American life in this period.
EN37120 - AM DREAMS/NEW WORLD NIGHTMARES:LIT OF THE AMERICAS 2. to introduce students to the variety and range of new world writing; We study conquistadors accounts of the conquest of America where, for example, http://www.aber.ac.uk/modules/2005/EN37120.html
Extractions: Module Identifier Module Title AM DREAMS/NEW WORLD NIGHTMARES:LIT OF THE AMERICAS Academic Year Co-ordinator Dr Claire E Jowitt Semester Intended for use in future years Next year offered N/A Next semester offered N/A Course delivery Seminars / Tutorials 20 Hours Seminar. (10 x 2 hour seminar workshops) Assessment Assessment Type Assessment Length/Details Proportion Semester Assessment Essay: 2 x 2,500 word continuously assessed essays On completion of this module students should typically be able to:
1492 A New World View By Sylvia Wynter In The New World An analogous call for a really new exploration has also been made by the African Toward a new world View of 1492 In this context, the dispute over the http://muweb.millersville.edu/~columbus/data/ant/WYNTER01.ANT
Seeds Of Change By Barbara Stauffer In The New World (Spring Another advantage the conquistadors had in their invasion of the new world The new world was a rich source of food products, such as corn and the potato http://muweb.millersville.edu/~columbus/data/art/STAUFFR1.ART
Extractions: "Seeds of Change" by Barbara Stauffer in The New World (Spring/Summer 1991, No. 2, pp. 6-7) The voyages of Columbus set into motion 500 years of biological exchanges that have had a profound impact on cultural customs, societal structures and economic systems around the globe. The National Museum of Natural History's Quincentenary exhibition, "Seeds of Change," examines these biological exchanges by focusing on five singularly powerful agents of changenamely, corn, the potato, sugar, the horse and disease. Transplanted either to or from America, each of these agents dramatically and lastingly transformed our world. Consider, for example, the potato. This nutrient-rich tuber, which has more than a thousand known varieties, originated in the Andes (now Peru, Bolivia and Chile). The earliest evidence of potato cultivation dates from approximately 6,000 B.C., and it was widely known and cultivated in the Inca Empire at the time Columbus reached the new world. Explorers brought it back to Europe in the late-16th century, where its strange shape and odd flavor met with mixed reaction. It was first considered poisonous and then hailed as an aphrodisiac. But eventually, the potato's considerable virtues (such as its adaptability to wide ranges in altitude and climate, high yield per acre planted, and high nutritional value) won over skeptics, and it became a staple in diets from Ireland to the Philippines. Corn, whose roots are deeply embedded in the ancient sociocultural systems of the Americas, has also had a major impact on the modern world's food supply. The maize plant is native to the highlands of central Mexico, yet by the time of the Spanish conquistadors, hundreds of varieties of corn were cultivated all over America, from Canada to Chile. When Cortez arrived in Tenochtitlan, the heart of the Aztec empire, he found a highly sophisticated society that placed great importance on corn. Corn was not only the main source of carbohydrates for the Aztecs, it was also central in their religion and mythology, figuring prominently in their ceremonies, ceramics and paintings. In contrast to agricultural products, disease is an often unrecognized biological agent of change; but its effect can be just as profound. For example, Africa, Asia and Europe experienced a population explosion due to the introduction of new world crops like corn and the potato, while the new world's native populations suffered decimation from an alarming array of old world diseases. Some of the first diseases introduced to America by European explorers and settlers, notably smallpox and diphtheria, had a truly devastating effect on the Indians. The new world, in its isolation, had evolved relatively few diseases compared to the old world; and native populations, like the Incas and Aztecs, had developed highly sophisticated medicines and customs, even surgical techniques, to cope with these ills. But with no exposure and hence no immunity to Europeans' germs, the Indians could not cope with the onslaught of the new diseases. In the 16th century, for example, smallpox no longer reached epidemic proportions in Europe, but it wiped out entire populations in the new world. Another advantage the conquistadors had in their invasion of the new world empires was the horse. Not only did they enjoy a distinct military advantage mounted on their powerful steeds, but the native Americans were terrified of these beasts which were larger than any indigenous animal in the new world. Nevertheless, the American Indians soon learned to tame the wild horses that came to roam the North and South American plains, and they turned that to their own advantage in their conflicts with Spanish, Portuguese and other settlers. The gauchos of the Argentine pampas grew out of the native Americans' quick mastery of horses and horsemanship, and their distinctive culture is a striking example of the rich cultural blends which evolved from the mixture of Spanish and native American peoples. By the mid-16th century, the horse had reached North America and was rapidly adopted by the native Americans. The fifth "seed of change" is a plant originally cultivated in Southeast Asia approximately eight thousand years ago, sugarcane. In Columbus' time, sugarcane was being cultivated by the Spanish and Portuguese in limited quantities on their East Atlantic islands, the Canaries and Azores; so it was natural for Columbus on his second voyage in 1493 to carry the plant with him to the newly discovered islands on the western side of the Atlantic. In doing so, Columbus initiated five centuries of exploitation, as the Caribbean isles came to be known as the "Sugar Islands." The five agents of change featured in the Smithsonian's Seeds of Change project vividly illustrate many of the critical issues and dynamic processes that arose from the encounter of the old and new worlds. The new world was a rich source of food products, such as corn and the potato, that were successfully adopted by the old world. This contributed to a population explosion in the old world which, in turn, led to increased pressure for people to emigrate to the new world. At the same time, old world diseases, in combination with European political, religious and socioeconomic factors, led to the conquest and destruction of many new world peoples and sociocultural systems. Subsequently, the European settlers brought with them many biological elements, such as the horse and sugarcane, which led to dramatic cultural, socioeconomic and ethnic composition changes in the new world. The Seeds of Change exhibition does not seek to mitigate the dark side to the encounter between the old and new worlds, but neither does it deny that some good came from the experience as well. Above all, the exhibition attempts to enhance our understanding of how today's world was shaped by the biological changes that resulted from Columbus' arrival in the new world. Seeds of Change emphasizes the point that we live in an interconnected world where isolation is no longer possible. By the same token, it reminds us that, like the explorers and settlers of the past 500 years, the choices we make today will have significant consequences in the future. Reprint permission granted by publisher. STAUFFR1 ART
