Extractions: CNN Medical Producer (CNN) The Food and Drug Administration is cracking down on a religous group's attempts to clone a human being, a researcher said Friday. Brigitte Boisselier, the chief scientist for a company called Clonaid which was founded by a religious group called the Raelians said FDA investigators visited her laboratory in the spring and told her to stop her experiments. Boisselier said the Raelians, who believe human life on Earth was the result of genetic experiments by extraterrestrials, will move their work to another country. "I will never do anything illegal, that is why I decided to move part of the lab to another country," she said. She would not disclose the laboratory's current location. MORE STORIES House hearings turn skeptical eye on cloning U.S. lawmakers debate limits on human cloning
Cloning Genes cloning Genes. Excerpted from BIO. What is Biotechnology? Washington, DCBiotechnology Industry Organization, 1989. Obtained from Genentech s Access http://web.mit.edu/esgbio/www/rdna/cloning.html
Extractions: Excerpted from BIO. "What is Biotechnology?" Washington, D.C.: Biotechnology Industry Organization, 1989. Obtained from Genentech's Access Excellence In the early 1970s, biochemists at Stanford University showed that genetic traits could indeed be transferred from one organism to another. In this experiment, the DNA of one microorganism recombined with the inserted DNA sequence of another, and thus had been edited to exhibit a very specific modification. The actual editing, or insertion process, is painstaking, for it involves manipulating incredibly tiny pieces of incredibly tiny organisms. But the process can be explained in terms of editing a written text: scissors and "glue" are used to "cut" and "paste." The methods used in rDNA technology are fairly simple. We take, for example, the sentence (gene) for insulin production in humans and paste it into the DNA of Escherichia coli, a bacterium that inhabits the human digestive tract. The bacterial cells divide very rapidly making billions of copies of themselves, and each bacterium carries in its DNA a faithful replica of the gene for insulin production. Each new E. coli cell has inherited the human insulin gene sentence. How do we transfer the gene embodying the instruction for insulin production? One approach would be to cut the appropriate gene from human DNA and paste, or splice, it into plasmid DNA, a special kind of DNA that takes a circular form and can be used as a vehicle for this editing job. Our "scissors" are the class of enzymes called restriction enzymes. There are well over a hundred restriction enzymes, each cutting in a very precise way a specific base sequence of the DNA molecule. With these scissors used singly or in various combinations, the segment of the human DNA molecule that specifies insulin production can be isolated.
Extractions: Languages Spanish Portuguese German Italian Korean Arabic Japanese Time, Inc. Time.com People Fortune EW InStyle Business 2.0 LONDON, England Political and religious leaders around the world have condemned the latest breakthrough in cloning research in which a U.S. company said it had cloned a human embryo for the first time. The private U.S. research company Advanced Cell Technology (ACT), based in Worcester, Massachusetts said on Sunday it had cloned embryos by removing the DNA from human egg cells. The DNA from an adult human body cell was then implanted into the egg cell, which was then stimulated to grow into a six-cell embryo. VIDEO President George W. Bush speaks out against cloning of human beings. CNN's Kelly Wallace reports (November 26)
Cloning-Key Text The cloning of Dolly the sheep has stimulated discussion on the benefits On human cloning A position statement from the Australian Academy of Science http://www.science.org.au/nova/043/043key.htm
Extractions: of Science Sponsored by The cloning of Dolly the sheep has stimulated discussion on the benefits and risks of the development of cloning techniques. You will get more from this topic if you have mastered the basics of DNA and genes Printer-friendly version of complete topic In nature, cloning is common among plants and is used extensively in plant propagation. The offspring produced by cloning (and other methods of asexual reproduction ) simply develop from cells produced by the parent. Because the offspring have genetic information identical to the parent, they develop very similar characteristics to their parent (and to one another) as they mature. This means that an agriculturalist who grows new plants from pieces of an older plant ensures that the new crop will be a fairly uniform one ( Box 1 ). In contrast, an individual formed by sexual reproduction develops from a cell produced by the union of two cells, usually from different parents. Offspring produced in this way are not genetically identical to each other or to their parents, unlike offspring formed by asexual methods of reproduction. The only clones produced naturally in vertebrate animals are identical twins. These are formed when cells produced by the early divisions of the fertilised egg separate and independently develop into new individuals. They are therefore genetically identical to each other but not identical to their parents.
Extractions: Languages Spanish Portuguese German Italian Korean Arabic Japanese Time, Inc. Time.com People Fortune EW InStyle Business 2.0 Dr. Irving Weissman chaired the panel that looked at the safety of human cloning. (CNN) The National Academy of Sciences recommended Friday that human reproductive cloning cloning to create a baby be legally banned. "Human reproductive cloning should not now be practiced. It is dangerous and likely to fail," Dr. Irving Weissman, the chairman of the panel that made the recommendation, said while presenting the findings at a news conference. Despite these misgivings, the panel said the issue of human reproductive cloning should be revisited in five years if a medical and scientific review suggests techniques may be safer, and if there is a public consensus that a review is warranted. While the panel called for human cloning to be banned, it said that ban should not extend to the nuclear transfer technique, or cloning embryos for the purpose of extracting stem cells for the treatment of disease, "because of its considerable potential for developing new medical therapies for life-threatening diseases."
Untitled Document cloning is envisioned by German scientist Hans Spemann. The release of DavidRorvik s book, In His Image The cloning of a Man, sparks a worldwide http://www.cnn.com/interactive/health/0108/cloning.timeline/content.html
Extractions: Cloning is envisioned by German scientist Hans Spemann. He theorizes that animals could be cloned by fusing an embryo (early developing animal) with an egg cell. Robert Briggs and T.J. King use a pipette to suck the nucleus from the cell of an advanced frog embryo and add it to a frog egg. It did not develop. British molecular biologist John B. Gurdon announces he has cloned frogs using the nuclei of fully differentiated adult intestinal cells. Gurdon tries the same procedure again. He transplants frog embryo cells into egg cells. The eggs developed into tadpoles but died after they were ready to begin feeding. He later showed that transplanted nuclei reverted to an embryonic state. Gurdon's image of 30 cloned frogs sparks public coverage that associates cloning research with 'Brave New World'. In England, Louise Brown is born the first baby produced after in vitro fertilization.
CNN - Should We Be Cloning Around? - Feb. 24, 1997 The announcement that a team of British scientists had successfully cloned anadult sheep has touched off a new wave of discussion over the ethical http://www.cnn.com/TECH/9702/24/cloned.sheep/
Extractions: Web posted at: 3:45 p.m. EST (CNN) The announcement that a team of British scientists had successfully cloned an adult sheep has touched off a new wave of discussion over the ethical implications of such a feat. The achievement announced Sunday by a team of scientists at the Roslin Institute near Edinburgh, Scotland , marks the first time anyone has successfully cloned an adult mammal. "There are a number of genetic diseases for which there is no cure ... and this will enable us to carry out research into the causes of those diseases and perhaps develop method to treat them," Dr. Ian Wilmut of the Roslin Institute said following the announcement. While some scientists hail the cloning as a major breakthrough for research in agriculture, aging, medicine and genetics, others worry what it may portend. If sheep can be replicated, they ask, are humans far behind? Suddenly the stuff of science fiction doesn't seem so fanciful anymore as one considers the possibility of dictators cloning themselves, dead geniuses brought back to life, or beloved family pets resurrected. Sheep, cattle, pigs ... what next?
Extractions: WEB SERVICES: WASHINGTON (CNN) Two groups of researchers publishing work in rival scientific journals report similar successes in cloning pigs a difficult process that may lead to ways to grow organs in the animals destined for human transplantation. "The goal here is to reduce the shortage of organs for transplantation and prevent any more needless deaths that arise because people simply don't receive the organ they need," said Dr. Anthony Perry of New York's Rockefeller University.
Extractions: Languages Time, Inc. Time.com People Fortune EW NEW YORK (CNN) A newly discovered genetic process offers tantalizing clues for cancer researchers and reveals possible obstacles to cloning, scientists report. Results show that despite the success of mapping the human genetic code the human genome it is only a first step in understanding how genes work. Four articles in this week's Science magazine detail how genes in human DNA appear to be controlled by a sea of surrounding proteins that functions as a master switch. Molecular geneticists call the newly discovered process the 'histone code' and say they are just beginning to translate it. The articles describe methylation, a chemical process that acts as a trigger. Scientists have watched the common organic molecule methyl interact with the proteins surrounding DNA, and say the cell appears to use the process to switch blocks of genes on and off. The discovery may be a new argument against human cloning. Even with the right cell and the right DNA, until scientists understand "this parallel rule book of genetics," they cannot clone without error, said researcher C. Davis Allis at the University of Virginia, who worked on the projects.
Plasmid Insertion diseases was greatly increased by information gained from DNA cloning. In DNAcloning, a DNA fragment that contains a gene of interest is inserted into http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/VL/GG/plasmid.html
Extractions: Process by which a plasmid is used to import recombinant DNA into a host cell for cloning. Many diseases are caused by gene alterations. Our understanding of genetic diseases was greatly increased by information gained from DNA cloning. In DNA cloning, a DNA fragment that contains a gene of interest is inserted into a cloning vector or plasmid The plasmid carrying genes for antibiotic resistance, and a DNA strand, which contains the gene of interest, are both cut with the same restriction endonuclease . The plasmid is opened up and the gene is freed from its parent DNA strand. They have complementary "sticky ends." The opened plasmid and the freed gene are mixed with DNA ligase, which reforms the two pieces as recombinant DNA. Plasmids + copies of the DNA fragment produce quantities of recombinant DNA. This recombinant DNA stew is allowed to transform a bacterial culture, which is then exposed to antibiotics. All the cells except those which have been encoded by the plasmid DNA recombinant are killed, leaving a cell culture containing the desired recombinant DNA. DNA cloning allows a copy of any specific part of a DNA (or RNA) sequence to be selected among many others and produced in an unlimited amount. This technique is the first stage of most of the genetic engineering experiments: production of DNA libraries, PCR, DNA sequencing, et al.
Extractions: WASHINGTON (CNN) Sen. Strom Thurmond became the second Republican opponent of abortion rights this week to split with the Bush administration, signing onto a bill that would ban most human cloning but allow an exception for research purposes. The 99-year-old senator followed the lead of conservative Republican Sen. Orrin Hatch of Utah, who threw his support behind the legislation earlier this week. "During my consideration of the new and emerging areas of regenerative medicine, including nuclear transplantation technologies, two basic principles have guided my thoughts," said Thurmond, R-South Carolina, in a written statement. "First, as someone who has taken a pro-life stance, I believe that Congress should pursue policies that encourage the development of life-saving treatments. Second, nuclear transplantation research, if performed under the strictest of safeguards, is both moral and ethical." The bill sponsored by Sen. Edward Kennedy, D-Massachusetts, Sen. Dianne Feinstein, D-California, and Sen. Arlen Specter, R-Pennsylvania would make human cloning a federal crime, with penalties up to $1 million dollars and 10 years in prison. But it would allow research cloning, or what scientists and advocates refer to as "regenerative medicine," which they say has the potential to find cures for diseases such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's and diabetes.
Cloning Into A Yeast Artificial Chromosome (YAC) DNA cloning is a technique that allows the wholesale production of a specific Techniques for cloning genomic DNA into yeast artificial chromosomes (YAC) http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/VL/GG/YAC.html
Extractions: DNA cloning is a technique that allows the wholesale production of a specific DNA sequence. DNA containing a gene of interest is inserted into the purified DNA genome of a self replicating element, which can be a plasmid, a virus or in this case, a yeast artificial chromosome ( YAC A YAC can be considered as a functional artificial chromosome (self replicating element), since it includes three specific DNA sequences that enable it to propagate from one cell to its offspring: It also contains few other specific sequences like: A and B: selectable markers that allow the easy isolation of yeast cells that have taken up the artificial chromosome.
Extractions: Chronology of cloning Cloning for treatments WASHINGTON (AP) House Republicans began pushing through a White House-backed bill Thursday that would ban all human cloning, even as some lawmakers fought for provisions to protect scientific research. Debate was expected to be lengthy as both sides delved into such murky issues as the beginning of life and the ethics of science. A final vote was scheduled for late Thursday. "It's wrong to create human embryo farms, even for scientific research," Rep. Sue Myrick, R-North Carolina, said as the debate began. "Anything other than a ban would license the most ghoulish and dangerous enterprise in human history." But Rep. James McGovern, D-Massachusetts, countered, "Every member of this body is opposed to cloning a human being. This bill, if enacted, will close the door to important research." The bill would ban all human cloning for reproduction or research and impose a $1 million fine and up to a 10-year prison sentence for violators. The measure passed the House 265-162 during the last legislative session but stalled in the Senate.
Extractions: Pengalaman Cloning Kartu SIM GSM GSM Sim Card Cloning Experience Hadi Jayani - update terakhir 19 Desember 2003 Dengan tumbuhnya berbagai operator seluler di Indonesia yang menawarkan fasilitas yang berbeda dan tingkat layanan pelanggan yang beragam, kita dihadapkan pada dilema untuk memilih penyedia jasa layanan seluler terbaik yang dapat melayani berbagai kebutuhan komunikasi bergerak kita. Dilema ini terkadang diakhiri dengan keputusan untuk menggunakan layanan lebih dari satu penyedia karena masing-masing penyedia jasa ini memiliki kekurangan dan kelebihan yang bervariasi. Konsekuensinya adalah kita harus memegang kartu SIM GSM lebih dari satu. Penggunaan lebih dari satu kartu SIM GSM tidaklah mudah. Kembali kita dihadapkan dengan pilihan untuk menggunakan handphone lebih dari satu, atau menggunakan satu handphone saja namun harus bersedia menggonta-ganti kartu disaat kita ingin terhubung dengan penyedia jasa layanan seluler tertentu.
Extractions: January 14, 2002 8:25 a.m. here's an old saw about a man whose wife comes home unexpectedly and finds him in bed with his naked mistress. "Who is that woman?" the outraged wife demands. The man, a surprised and innocent look on his face, says: "Woman? What woman?" Cloning apologists remind me of that philandering husband. Their opponents point out that a cloned human embryo is a human life, and the cloners reply with: "Human life? What human life?" Unfortunately, it seems to be working, as the media and nervous politicians continue parroting the line that a human-clone embryo is not really human. The biotech industry has nothing to lose and everything to gain from this. Hoping to make vast fortunes from patented "products" derived from the destruction of embryonic life, Big Biotech is counting on being able to create an unlimited supply of human clones. Their problem: The American people believe there is something inherently valuable about human life. Cloning sheep and other animals is one thing — but cloning humans, that's different.
Cloning Research UN Passes Declaration to Ban All Forms of Human cloning February 2005 The age of human cloning has apparently arrived today, cloned blastocysts for http://www.euthanasia.com/clone.html
Extractions: Being Monitored for "human-like behavior" - April 2005 ... "This is a move toward creating new human lives solely to destroy them in research ... the ultimate way of treating life as an object, as an instrument to an end." ... Richard M. Doerflinger, deputy director for pro-life activities at the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops Cloning Facts (3 Articles) ... Cloning Facts , including vocabulary, history, facts sheets, debate points, books, videos etc. Statements By Medical Profession , including American Medical Association, American Nurses Association, C. Everett Koop, etc. Medical Articles , including charts of poll data, physician issues, etc. Legal Articles , including pending legislation, laws by state, congressional legislation, etc. Human/Animal Transgenics USA Articles , including things happening with cloning legislation in the United States. World Articles , including cloning issues in individual countries and regions Religious Statements/Articles , including Protestant, Catholic, Orthodox, Jewish, Islamic, Interfaith Groups.
AAAS - Center For Science, Technology And Congress A summary of the human cloning issue, and a collection of links to useful web resources, including information from the media, and groups on all sides of the debate. http://www.aaas.org/spp/cstc/briefs/cloning/
Extractions: Log In Join Search Site Map ... Advanced search Events AAAS Board AAAS Book Store AAAS Council AAAS Statements Annual Meeting Archives Awards Development Education Employment Experts Governance International Make a Gift Media Relations Membership Organization Press Releases Science AAAS Center for Science, Technology, and Congress AAAS Policy Brief: Human Cloning AAAS Resources Links New: AAAS REPORT: Regulating Human Cloning (April 3, 2003) The issue of human cloning has been the subject of much public debate since the birth of the cloned sheep Dolly was announced in 1997. The profound ethical questions surrounding the prospect of the birth of a human clone have received much scrutiny. In recent months, the debate has included the topic of human stem cell research , which scientists believe could benefit from experimentation using the procedure pioneered by the scientists who produced Dolly. Nuclear Transplantation This procedure is known as nuclear transplantation, or somatic cell nuclear transfer. It involves removing the nucleus (which contains a cell's DNA) from an egg cell, and transplanting the DNA from an adult cell into the enucleated egg. Under certain conditions, the egg then begins to replicate as though it were a fertilized embryo.
