Extractions: 19 February 1999 FIRST There are several strong candidates for the first ever genetically engineered cervical cancer vaccine, according to scientists participating this week in a World Health Organization (WHO) meeting on the current status of development of prophylactic vaccines against human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. If successful, this vaccine will be the second vaccine against a major human cancer (the other being hepatitis B vaccine which prevents primary liver cancer). There is a huge discrepancy between incidence in developed and developing countries largely due to the availability of screening and treatment facilities in industrialized countries. The proportion of cancers in women attributable to HPV as a whole ranges from 3% to 5% in North America and Western Europe but in Latin America, South-west Asia and sub-Saharan Africa it reaches 20-24%. Cervical cancer is a sexually transmitted disease caused by the human papillomavirus. Infection with HPV usually occurs in the early years of sexual activity but it takes up to twenty years for it to develop into a full blown malignant tumour. Scientists believe that essentially all cervical cancer is caused by infection with a few types of HPV. HPV role in triggering off cervical cancer was discovered in 1983. WHO's International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in Lyon, France, has been a leader in the epidemiological and laboratory studies needed to understand the disease. Ten years later, researchers in several countries are working on the prototype vaccine.
Cancer Care : Cervical Cancer The National cervical cancer Coalition (NCCC) is a growing grass roots The site also contains information about the cervical cancer and its treatment. http://www.cancercare.org/InternetLinks/InternetLinks.cfm?ID=3623&c=123
Uterine And Cervical Cancer File: Promising New Treatments Updated regularly over 100 descriptions of new treatments and research forgynecological cancers from oncologists and gynecologists worldwide. http://www.lifestages.com/health/uterinec.html
Extractions: W Uterine and Cervical Cancer File Uterine and Cervical Cancer File Uterine and Cervical Cancer File informs you about studies at such renowned institutions as the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at UC Irvine, Yale University School of Medicine, and the Division of Radiation Oncology at M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. The Uterine and Cervical Cancer File brings you the inside story on: Chemotherapy for Uterine and Cervical Cancer Radiotherapy for Uterine and Cervical Cancer
Women's Cancer Network Preventing cervical cancer and Other HPVRelated DiseasesThis CME activity Preventing cervical cancer and Other HPV-Related Diseases isbased on transcripts and slides of presentations as originally presented on http://www.wcn.org/
Imaginis - Cervical Cancer - Stages Numerical Stages of cervical cancer. The stage of a cancer describes its sizeand the Stage IV This is the most advanced stage of cervical cancer. http://imaginis.com/cervical-cancer/stages.asp
Extractions: Cervical Cancer Stages Format for Printing cystoscopy or proctoscopy Numerical Stages of Cervical Cancer The stage of a cancer describes its size and the extent to which it has spread. The staging system ranges from stage (early stage) to stage IV (late stage). Stage or "in situ :" The term "in situ" literally means "in place." Stage describes cancer that has only been found in the layer of cells lining the cervix. The cancer has not invaded the deeper tissues of the cervix. Treatment options are the same as those used for pre-cancerous conditions and include cauterization cone biopsy cryosurgery , or laser surgery . A simple hysterectomy may be performed if the woman does not want to have children in the future. Stage cancers can be effectively treated, but patients should be closely monitored by physicians for any possible recurrence. Stage I : This stage describes cancer that has spread from the lining of the cervix into the deeper connective tissue of the cervix. Stage I cancer is still confined to the uterus. Stage IA: This is the earliest form of stage I cancer. Only a small amount of cancer is visible upon microscopic examination. The treatment for stage IA cancer is simple hysterectomy. However, if the cancer more than 3 millimeters (approximately 1/8 inch) or has invaded the blood vessels or lymph vessels, then a
Cervical Cancer Facts - Understanding Your Pap Smear - Public American Society for Clinical Pathology is a national resource for the enhancementof the quality of the practice of pathology and laboratory medicine. http://www.ascp.org/general/pub_resources/papsmear/facts.asp
Extractions: @import url( portalAdvanced.css ); @import url( menuAdvanced.css ); About AICR Helping Us Cancer Information Success Stories ... Home Cancer Information Cervical cancer is a major concern for many women. Screening programmes have done much to put minds at ease over recent years, but just how much do you know about Cervical Cancer symptoms, causes and treatments? These questions and answers are designed to get to the facts. We hope you find these FAQs helpful. As we receive no government or other statutory funding, a small donation would assist AICR in supporting further research and education - please consider donating here Thank you! Q. What is cervical cancer? A. The cervix is a ring of muscle at the top of the vagina. It is the entrance to the womb. During childbirth the cervix expands until it is wide enough to let the baby out. The surface of the cervix facing into the vagina is covered with a type of skin which can become cancerous.
Abnormal Pap Smear: Hpv Human Papillomavirus, Cervical Dysplasia Book by Lynda Rushing, M.D. and Nancy Joste, M.D. about pap smears test results and the human papillomavirus (HPV) and its connection to cervical dysplasia and cancer. Site includes excerpt from the book, ordering information, and profiles of the authors. http://www.abnormalpapsmears.com/
Extractions: If you have accessed this web site, the chances are very high that you or someone you know has had an abnormal Pap smear. You are not alone in this experience, as it is estimated that over 3 million women in the United States alone receive this news. We have learned, through our work as directors of cytology laboratories that diagnose Pap smears, of women's need for a clear and easily accessible source of information about their diagnosis. Our book, Abnormal Pap Smears: What Every Woman Needs to Know, is written for women like you. Abnormal Pap Smears: What Every Woman Needs to Know As cytopathologists and medical directors of cytology laboratories, we have spent years training for our profession, and we now spend good portions of typical working days diagnosing abnormal Pap smears. When speaking with women who were receiving our diagnoses, however, it became apparent that they were typically poorly informed about the specifics of their diagnoses, about the Pap smear procedure itself, a test that samples a woman's cervix for cervical cancer or its precancers, known as cervical dysplasia or 'SIL' (squamous intraepithelial lesion) . Women also were not well-informed about the proven correlation between the STD human papillomavirus (HPV), the primary cause of abnormal Pap smears, and about the connection of HPV to cervical cancer. Our motivation to write Abnormal Pap Smears: What Women Need to Know
CNN - Why Cigarettes Can Be A Woman's Worst Enemy - November 8, 1999 Smoking increases your risk of cervical and rectal cancer; worsens your period; damages your fertility; hurts your unborn baby; ages you; attacks your heart. http://cnn.com/HEALTH/women/9911/08/women.smoking.2.wmd/index.html
Extractions: By Peg Rosen (WebMD) Sure, cigarettes can harm anybody, men and women alike. But some of smoking's ill effects, from ectopic pregnancy to premature menopause, are reserved for women only. This November 19 is the American Cancer Society's 22nd Great American Smokeout. If you haven't decided to give up smoking yet, here are some compelling reasons to quit now. Smoking increases your risk of cervical and rectal cancer Not only can smoking cause a variety of cancers in both men and women, it puts women at higher risk of cervical cancer, according to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). A Danish study published in the April 21, 1999, issue of the Journal of the National Cancer Institute finds that premenopausal women who smoke are six times more likely to develop rectal cancer than those who don't.
Joan English Fund Specific research project aimed at curing womens cancers ovarian, breast, endometrial, cervical and colon. Status of project, fund-raising events, researcher bios and request for donations. http://curewomenscancer.org
Extractions: unique in not limiting their investigation to just one gene or one protein, but rather to a family of genes that encode four blood secreted proteins important to detecting numerous cancers at a very early stage. In short, Step Up believes that the work of Dr. Farias-Eisner has the potential to have a dramatic impact on the early detection of many cancers. We are proud to support this profoundly promising research.
Cancer Health Centre. What Is Cancer? An Overview. The Women s Health Matters cancer Centre explains how cancers are diagnosed, reviews treatment options and details coping and prevention strategies. Women can use this site to learn about lung, breast, cervical, endometrial, colorectal and skin cancers. http://www.womenshealthmatters.ca/centres/cancer/
Extractions: Cancer isn't one disease, but a group of diseases, which cause cells in the body to change and grow out of control. Most types of cancer cells form a lump or mass called a tumour. Only a few cancers don't form a tumour, such as blood cancers (leukemia). Cells from a tumour can break away and travel to other parts of the body and, from there, continue to grow. This spreading is called metastasis. When cancer spreads - for instance, if breast cancer spreads to the lungs - it is still named after the part of the body where it originated. In this case, it is still breast cancer, not lung cancer. A cancerous tumour is called a malignant tumour. Tumours, however, are not all cancerous. Tumours that are not cancerous are called benign. In most cases, benign tumours are not life threatening, and do not grow and spread the way cancer does.
NHS Cervical Screening Programme Welcome to the NHS cervical Screening Programme, preventing cancer by detectingand treating precancerous changes. http://www.cancerscreening.nhs.uk/cervical/
Extractions: The Facts ... How much does the programme cost and how is it funded? If you have been invited for screening, or have been for screening and have any questions about the result, you should contact the name and address shown on your invitation letter or result letter. If you are worried about a specific problem, or otherwise worried about the risks of cancer, then you should talk to your GP. Cervical screening is not a test for cancer. It is a method of preventing cancer by detecting and treating early abnormalities which, if left untreated, could lead to cancer in a woman's cervix (the neck of the womb). The first stage in cervical screening is either a smear test or Liquid based Cytology (LBC) A sample of cells is taken from the cervix for analysis. A doctor or nurse inserts an instrument (a speculum) to open the woman's vagina and uses a spatula to sweep around the cervix. Most women consider the procedure to be only mildly uncomfortable. Early detection and treatment can prevent 75 per cent of cancers developing but like other screening tests, it is not perfect. It may not always detect early cell changes that could lead to cancer.
Dr. Andreas Obermair Specialises in the treatment of gynaecological cancer, laparoscopic surgery, familial gynaecological cancer and colposcopy. Information about surgery for uterine, cervical, ovarian and vulval cancer is provided. Queensland, Australia. http://www.obermair.info/index.html
Latest Cervical Cancer Treatments Provides information, clinical trials and reviews for medical professionals as well as lay persons. http://www.cancergroup.com/em14.html
Extractions: Normally the cervix has stopped growing by puberty, but it's cells will continue to divide to replace those that die of injury or old age. While some division of cervical cells to replace old or injured ones is normal, it is a tightly controlled process. Sometimes a abnormal cell may arise which divides out of control. This will then form a tumor . A tumor is simply a swelling, and does not necessarily mean cancer (obviously most swellings are not cancerous). If a tumor only grows in it's local area, it is called "benign" and is not cancer. If, however, it has the capability to spread to other areas of the body, then it is called "malignant" and is cancer. Cervical cancer starts in just one single cell , but this cell quickly divides to form many similar cancer cells, which each continue to grow. Eventually, if not cured, these cells push the normal cells out of the way, grow a large tumor, and spread to other body areas to ultimately kill the patient. Cervical cancer kills by anemia, infection, blockage of kidney drainage ("uremia") and general disability.
Extractions: Questions and Answers Key Points What are human papillomaviruses, and how are they transmitted? Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are a group of more than 100 types of viruses. They are called papillomaviruses because certain types may cause warts, or papillomas, which are benign (noncancerous) tumors . The HPVs that cause the common warts which grow on hands and feet are different from those that cause growths in the throat or genital area. Some types of HPVs are associated with certain types of cancer. Of the more than 100 types of HPVs, over 30 types can be passed from one person to another through sexual contact. Although HPVs are usually transmitted sexually, doctors cannot say for certain when infection occurred. Most HPV infections come and go over the course of a few years. However, sometimes HPV infection persists for many years, with or without causing
Matritech, Inc. Developer of proteomicsbased diagnostic products for the early detection of cancer by identifying proteins correlated with breast, bladder, prostate, cervical and colon cancers. Located in Newton, Massachusetts. http://www.matritech.com/
Extractions: August 31, 2005 Matritech Issued Patent Covering the Use Of NMP66(TM) Marker Protein in Diagnosis of Breast Cancer; Patent Covers Products Developed Using NMP66 Marker Protein through 2020 August 2, 2005 Matritech Reports Second Quarter 2005 Financial Results; Sales of NMP22 BladderChek Test for Bladder Cancer Up 106% over Second Quarter 2004 ... Matritech Announces More Than 600,000 NMP22 BladderChek Tests Sold for Testing of Bladder Cancer Matritech is a leading developer of proteomics-based diagnostic products for the early detection of cancer. Using its patented proteomics technology, Matritech has identified proteins correlated with bladder, cervical, breast, prostate and colon cancers. Matritech is one of the first companies to successfully employ proteomics to create diagnostic products. More Complete.
Extractions: Cancer Center To Learn More About This Topic: Chat with Us Email Us Scientists believe that some abnormal changes in cells on the cervix are the first step in a series of slow changes that can lead to cancer years later. Pre-cancerous changes of the cervix usually do not cause pain. In fact, they generally do not cause any symptoms and are not detected unless a woman has a pelvic exam and a Pap test. About 15,000 women each year learn they have cervical cancer, or cancer of the cervix (the lower, narrower portion of the uterus.) It is important to know that cancer of the cervix is different from cancer that begins in other parts of the uterus, and requires different treatment. Socioeconomic status is a significant risk factor for cervical cancer, since a lack of access to medical care often eliminates the opportunity for early diagnosis by Pap smear screening. Smoking, a high number of sexual partners, and early age of first intercourse are other risk factors. HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) and HPV (Human Papillomavirus) infections are also associated risks for cervical cancer. Fortunately, pre-cancerous conditions of the cervix can be detected and treated through regular pelvic exams and Pap tests (also called a Pap smear, this simple procedure enables doctors to look at cells from the cervix and identify cancerous or pre-cancerous cells). Regular, professional gynecological examinations remain the most effective way to prevent invasive cervical cancer.
Elizabeth Cancer Detection Center - About ECCD Offers mammography, prostate, cervical, colorectal, oral, and skin cancer exams. Located near Good Samaritan Hospital. http://www.cancerdetection.org/
Extractions: WEB SERVICES: MILWAUKEE, Wisconsin (AP) Nearly 18 percent of U.S. women and 8 percent of men carry the sexually transmitted virus that causes half of all cases of cervical cancer, according to the first national study on the prevalence of the virus. Dr. Judith Wasserheit, director of the STD Prevention Program at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, said Tuesday that the figures were in line with researchers' expectations.
