Science -- Sign In As Wood says, ancient reefs are too often studied as solely geological phenomena . It is set out in three parts Introduction to reefs both ancient and http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/287/5454/811
Extractions: You do not have access to this item: Full Text : Veron, PALEOBIOLOGY:Reef Processes in the Long View, Science You are on the site via Free Public Access. What content can I view with Free Public Access If you have a personal user name and password, please login below. SCIENCE Online Sign In Options For Viewing This Content User Name Password this computer. Help with Sign In If you don't use cookies, sign in here Join AAAS and subscribe to Science for free full access. Sign Up More Info Register for Free Partial Access including abstracts, summaries and special registered free full text content. Register More Info Pay per Article 24 hours for US $10.00 from your current computer Regain Access to a recent Pay per Article purchase Need More Help? Can't get past this page? Forgotten your user name or password? AAAS Members activate your FREE Subscription
Science -- Sign In DC, examined ancient reefs in the Caribbean that were left high and dry when He made numerous 40meter-long surveys of fossil reefs on San Andres, http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/293/5530/592
Extractions: You do not have access to this item: Full Text : Stokstad, NORTH AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGICAL CONVENTION MEETING: Fossils With Lessons for ..., Science You are on the site via Free Public Access. What content can I view with Free Public Access If you have a personal user name and password, please login below. SCIENCE Online Sign In Options For Viewing This Content User Name Password this computer. Help with Sign In If you don't use cookies, sign in here Join AAAS and subscribe to Science for free full access. Sign Up More Info Register for Free Partial Access including abstracts, summaries and special registered free full text content. Register More Info Pay per Article 24 hours for US $10.00 from your current computer Regain Access to a recent Pay per Article purchase Need More Help? Can't get past this page? Forgotten your user name or password? AAAS Members activate your FREE Subscription
People - Indiana University Department Of Geological Sciences I am the contact person for paleontology and Geobiology on our departmental website, The History and Sedimentology of ancient Reef Ecosystems. http://www.indiana.edu/~geosci/people/faculty.php?n=johnson
Geobiology - Indiana University Department Of Geological Sciences Nature, Geology, Paleobiology, Palaios, Journal of paleontology, Journal of AsianEarth The History and Sedimentology of ancient Reef Systems, 2001, http://www.indiana.edu/~geosci/research/geobio/johnsoncv.php
Extractions: Professional Appointments 7/03 to present: Associate Professor, Indiana University 5/97 to present: Graduate Faculty, Associate Member, Indiana University 8/96 to 7/03: Assistant Professor, Indiana University 8/95 to 5/96: Visiting Assistant Professor, Indiana University 10/93 to 6/95: Research Associate, Earth Systems Science Center, Pennsylvania State University Fall, 1991: Coordinator, Physical Geology Laboratories, University of Colorado, Boulder Fall, 1990: Instructor, University of Colorado, Boulder
The Centre For Marine Studies - Publications Canadian paleontology Conference Proceedings No. 2, GAC publications, p.2328 . Interpretation of ancient reef environments in paleoecological studies of http://www.marine.uq.edu.au/publications/pandolfi/
John M. Pandolfi The second is an invited submission to the Journal of paleontology Pandolfi,JM 1999, Response of Pleistocene coral reefs to environmental change over http://www.si.edu/ofg/Staffhp/PandolfiJ.htm
Extractions: pandolfi.john@nmnh.si.edu Research Interests Current Research Projects 1. Persistence or change in Pleistocene Caribbean coral reefs over the past 200 ka (thousand years) Since 1995, I have been gathering quantitative data on the community structure of Pleistocene reef coral assemblages from the Caribbean Sea. The goal is to document patterns in community structure over broad spatial and temporal scales on reefs that are today heavily degraded. The work addresses two questions: 1) How does community structure for Caribbean reef corals vary over multiple spatial (from tens of meters to hundreds of kilometers) and temporal (from 102 to 105) scales; and 2) What are the differences between Pleistocene and modern patterns in community structure? www.nova.edu/ocean/9icrs 2. A long term paleoecological record of coral reef communities from Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea Reef coral communities living during the past 500 ka (thousand years) show remarkable persistence in taxonomic composition and diversity during multiple episodes of global climate change. In contrast, similar studies conducted over decadal time scales in living reefs show striking change and unpredictability with apparent dramatic and unprecedented decline during the past 30 years. This apparent paradox confounds attempts to predict the response of coral reefs to local and global environmental change.
Caribbean Introduction - Coral Reefs Coral reefs are unlike any other sedimentary deposits. it is difficult, atfirst glance, to compare modern and specific ancient reefs. http://hoopermuseum.earthsci.carleton.ca/cruise/caribbean/coralintro.html
Extractions: Coral reefs are of enormous importance to the marine environment; as complex climax communities, as sites of food production, and as nurseries for many creatures. Therefore, their preservation and encouragement are important to both the general condition of the oceans and to the well being of coastal people. The necessity to understand coral reefs is far from solely an academic pursuit. In the modern seas these structures not only act as a living barrier, protecting heavily inhabited shorelines, but are also important sources of tourist income in many countries. Fossil reefs buried in the subsurface contain a disproportionally large amount of our hydrocarbon resources compared to other types of sedimentary deposits; probably more than a third of the world's reserves and an important share of certain metallic ores. This fact alone has resulted in reefs being studied in more detail by paleontologists and sedimentologists than perhaps any other type of sedimentary deposit. Of historical interest, coral reefs were strategically important in the Pacific Ocean during the Second World War and even more unfortunately, they were the sites of nuclear tests from the late 40's to the 60's and also more recently with the highly contested French nuclear tests.
OceanPortal : New Listing publishing analytical and theoretical papers on both modern and ancient reefs.It encourages the search for generalisations about reef structure and http://ioc.unesco.org/oceanportal/new.php?st=cat&id=666&dt=1122501600
OceanPortal : New Listing The International Society for Reef Studies (ISRS) was founded in 1980 and membership analytical and theoretical papers on both modern and ancient reefs. http://ioc.unesco.org/oceanportal/new.php?st=date&dt=1122501600
The University Of Texas At Dallas - 2004 Undergraduate Catalog and geology associated with modern and ancient reef building corals. GEOS 3430 Invertebrate paleontology (4 semester hours) Studies in the http://www.utdallas.edu/student/catalog/undergrad04/ugprograms/geos.html
Extractions: 2004 - 2006 Undergraduate Catalog Introduction (home) Contents / Site Map Admissions Policies / Procedures ... Graduate Catalog GEOS 1103 (GEOL 1103) Physical Geology Laboratory (1 semester hour) A laboratory to accompany GEOS 1303. The exercises include mineral and rock identification. Topographic maps, geologic maps, and aerial photographs are used to study surface landforms, geologic phenomena and tectonic processes. GEOS 1303 is a corequisite or prerequisite. (0-3) S GEOS 1303 (GEOL 1303) Physical Geology (3 semester hours) Introduction to the Earth as a unique planet. The course investigates minerals and rocks which make up the Earth. The structure of the Earth and dynamics of its internal mechanisms are explored. Plate tectonics and surface processes which sculpt the Earth are the topics of the second half of the course. Other planets and celestial bodies within the solar system are contrasted with Earth. Field trip. (3-0) S
GEOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY OF THE NEW YORK BIGHT Both recent and ancient examples can be found on area beaches; Before thiscentury fishermen reported that coral reefs existed in the NY Bight. http://www.geo.hunter.cuny.edu/bight/fossil.html
Extractions: This web page is a short collection of images of fossils collected from Rockaway Beach (Queens, NY), Staten Island, and Sandy Hook (NJ). The conclusion that some of these items are actually of antiquity is purely subjective. Taphonomy is the study of how (and why) fossils are preserved. Modern geologic processes can take practically any bone or shell material and give it a "fossil" appearance. For instance, modern shells commonly become attached to iron debris (shipwrecks, bottle tops, etc.) as seawater reacts with the iron to form rust. In addition, shell accumulations in the highest tidal range are subjected to frequent wetting and drying by rain or highest tides. This infrequent wetting of shell material causes calcite and aragonite to dissolve and then precipitate as microcrystalline calcite cement upon drying. These processes that cement modern shell material are essentially the same processes that helped to preserve shells and organic remains as fossils in the geologic past. Several additional important geologic processes related to fossils should also be noted. First, vertebrate bones and teeth consist of porous apatite (a calcium phospate mineral). When exposed to seawater minerals precipitate within pores and ion substitution replaces some of the spaces within the aragonite mineral lattice. The net result is that bone material tends to become darker in color, harder, and more brittle with time (if it isn't eaten or dissolved in organic acids in the sediment first!).
Palaeos Geochronology: Stratigraphy-2 ancient reefs provide an example. Suppose we map an area and find that it lookslike the image at right. What might we guess about what happened here? http://www.palaeos.com/Geochronology/stratigraphy.2.html
Extractions: Beyond Dating Beyond Dating We should quickly add that, in spite of the title, this is not one of those discouraging lectures on the virtues of abstinence. Rather, this is a section on what else can be done with the rock record (no, its not about music, either.) Ancient reefs provide an example. Suppose we map an area and find that it looks like the image at right. What might we guess about what happened here? Remember that the angle of the sedimentary levels may not be indicative of their original orientation. Without a much broader picture we can't tell. However, we can tell, with a fair degree of certainty that the reef is growing in a retrograde fashion. That is, later sections of the reef are growing above older land areas. That's not the only possibility, but its most likely unless we find something to the contrary. What this implies is that sea levels were rising. The reef is also getting broader, which could mean the whole system was becoming flatter a suggestion that subsidence or erosion might be playing a part. Which? Notice that the middle levels of terrestrial sediment are actually taller as they approach the reef. This could mean that erosion was flattening the topography and bringing more sediment to the shore. On the other hand, we see a vertical fault offshore. Could this be subsidence? No, probably not. The fault extends from the basement layer almost to the top of the most recent layer. This must be a more recent development.
Extractions: in the Middle East and North Africa by H. Stewart Edgell The oil reservoirs of the Middle East and North Africa contain some 70% of the world's known oil reserves and about 50% of the world's natural gas reserves. Most of these are contained in high-energy carbonate platform sediments, or in fractured limestones of large, doubly plunging anticlines. A considerable proportion of oil and gas reserves of the region also occur in Cretaceous sandstones of similar structures. Oil exploration in the vast sedimentary basins of the Middle East and North Africa is still primarily at the stage of drilling simply folded surface, or seismically defined structures. It has not yet reached the stage of exploration for stratigraphic traps and reefs. Nevertheless, a significant number of reef and fore reef limestone reservoirs have been found by drilling, and a very few have been recognized in seismic profiles. Limestone reservoirs in fringing reef, barrier reef, fore reef and back reef shoal facies can be recognized in parts of the region, as well as open shoal reefs. Reef walls are rare in the subsurface of the area, either because they are too narrow or because they have been eroded. There are no known atoll-type fringing reefs and isolated reef bioherm reservoirs in Libya are best compared to buried platform reefs, or reef knolls.
PSIgate - Physical Sciences Information Gateway Search/Browse Results Back to Boggy s Geology Links Main Page reefs Books about reefs The History andSedimentology of ancient Reef Systems (Topics in Geobiology, http://www.psigate.ac.uk/roads/cgi-bin/search_webcatalogue2.pl?limit=6675&term1=
MUN Geography - Faculty His major research interests centre around coral reefs and environmental impacts Abstract, North American paleontology Conference, Halifax, Nova Scotia. http://www.mun.ca/geog/faculty/eedinger.htm
Extractions: Dr. Evan Edinger is an assistant professor in Geography and Biology. Prior to joining Memorial, he taught at St. Francis Xavier University in Nova Scotia, and did research at Laurentian University in Northern Ontario. His major research interests centre around coral reefs and environmental impacts on them, plus the paleoecology of fossil coral reefs. Additional research interests include the impacts of mining on reefs and other marine environments, marine protected area design, and use of remote sensing and GIS in marine conservation. Dr. Edinger obtained his PhD from McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, where he studied the impacts of land-based pollution on Indonesian coral reefs. Current Research Projects Bioindicators of pollution stress on coral reefs.
Geology Department At Oberlin College The History sand Sedimentology of ancient Reef Systems, Plenum Press, KM,2000, The microstratigraphy and paleontology of the Meadville Shale Member at http://www.oberlin.edu/Geopage/research/Research.html
Extractions: AND STUDENT RESEARCH This page lists the articles and abstracts Oberlin geofaculty have published in recent years. Many of these are based on research done in collaboration with students. The co-authors who were students at the time of the research are designated by (OC + year of graduation). More information about each staff member's research interests can be found on their pages in the staff section 2002 PUBLICATIONS Castro, J.M., Manga, M., and Cashman, K.V. (2002) Dynamics of obsidian flows inferred from microstructures: insights from microlite preferred orientations. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 199: 211-226. Castro, J.M., Cashman, K.V., Joslin, N., Olmsted, B., (2002) Structural Constraints on the Origin of Large Cavities in the Big Obsidian Flow, Newberry National Monument, Oregon. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 114: 313-330. Abstracts 2002 Castro, J.M., Mercer, C., and Cashman, K.V., (2002) Textural characterization of microlites in rhyolitic obsidian: Implications for crystallization, eruptive time scales, and degassing in the Inyo volcanic chain, CA. 3rd Biennial workshop on Subduction Processes Emphasizing the Kurile-Kamchatka-Aleutian Arcs, Fairbanks, AK.
KPH Home Page Some of these ideas have been tested in ancient reef cores from St. Croix, USVirgin Islands. 128 Syllabus paleontology 320 Syllabus My Publications http://www.oberlin.edu/faculty/kmhubbar/
Extractions: Research Interests: My main research focus has been on the processes of preservation (taphonomy) particularly of molluscs and echinoderms. I have been a member of a larger research group studying modern processes such as dissolution, epibiont overgrowth, and mechanical destruction on experimentally deployed organisms in a wide variety of environments from the shallow shelf, to the deep continental slope in both the Gulf of Mexico and in the Bahamas. Our research group is called the Shelf and Slope Experimental Taphonomy Initiative (SSETI) and is summarized here. The goal of this research is to understand the timing of fossilization processes in deep-water settings. The only way to do this is to measure them in modern settings and extrapolate to ancient assemblages. Our experiments, then, are deployed and retrieved by submersible at regular intervals and the changes in the shells are quantified. As an extension of this research, I have developed an interest in the paleoecologic implications for encrusting organisms. They may prove to be excellent indicators of paleobathymetry, nutrient levels, and other physical and chemical conditions acting on any particular organism during its life and after it dies and becomes fossilized. Some of these ideas have been tested in ancient reef cores from St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands.
NUTRIENTS FROM LAND AND PHANEROZOIC REEF DEVELOPMENT KIESSLING, Wolfgang, Institute of paleontology, Humboldt Univ, Museum of Natural teleconnections and the nutrient requirements of ancient reef builders. http://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2003AM/finalprogram/abstract_57965.htm
Extractions: 2003 Seattle Annual Meeting (November 25, 2003) Paper No. 177-3 Presentation Time: 2:05 PM-2:20 PM KIESSLING, Wolfgang , Institute of Paleontology, Humboldt Univ, Museum of Natural History, Invalidenstr. 43, Berlin 10115 Germany, wolfgang.kiessling@museum.hu-berlin.de. Modern reefs are sensitive to elevated nutrient concentrations owing to the adaptation of reef-building zooxanthellate corals to oligotrophic settings. The history of reef building, however, includes periods, when nutrient-opportunistic reef builders dominated the global reef factory. This could be attributed to elevated nutrient concentrations in the oceans caused by enhanced influx from the continents. The hypothesis is tested with a paleogeographic database on Phanerozoic reefs and published information on geochemical proxies and terrestrial evolution. Using the Phanerozoic Strontium isotope curve as a rough proxy for continental weathering and influx of terrestrial nutrients through time, several significant correlations indicate that changes in terrestrial weathering indeed have a significant influence on reef composition. Positive excursions of the Sr curve coincide with a reduction of the mean alpha diversity in reefs, an increase in aragonitic reef builders, and a rise of microbial mounds. 2003 Seattle Annual Meeting (November 25, 2003)
Geological Evidence Of An Ancient Earth GEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE OF AN ancient EARTH The Baron Georges de Cuvier (1769 1832), the Father of paleontology , was one of the pioneers of modern http://members.aol.com/dwise1/cre_ev/geology.html
