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TMTh:: APOLLONIUS OF PERGA of Perga (in the Ionian kingdom of Pamphylia) studied at alexandria with Euclid s hypsicles discussed this work in his commentary on the Elements of Euclid. http://www.tmth.edu.gr/en/aet/1/10.html
Extractions: Ranked with the great mathematicians Archimedes and Euclid for his contribution to mathematics, Apollonius of Perga (in the Ionian kingdom of Pamphylia) studied at Alexandria with Euclid's successors, and later taught in Ephesus and Pergamum. Pappus (3rd century AD) described him as arrogant and conceited, the title of "Great Geometer" attributed to him during the lifetime of Archimedes having apparently gone to his head. Ptolemy records that "Hipparchus based his theory relating to the orbit of the planets on the work of Apollonius". In Pergamum he met and worked with Eudemus. Many later mathematicians, including Viete, Descartes, Fermat and Desargues, were influenced by his work; and one of the craters on the moon has been named "Apollonius" in his honour.
PSIgate - Physical Sciences Information Gateway Search/Browse Results Claudius Ptolemy Born about 85 in Egypt Died about 165 in alexandria, Abu Kamil Shuja Ahmes Diophantus Euclid Heron Hypatia hypsicles Menelaus Pappus http://www.psigate.ac.uk/roads/cgi-bin/search_webcatalogue.pl?term1=Ptolemy&limi
Bibliotheca Alexandrina - A History Of The Library Of Alexandria The ancient library of alexandria and the rebuilt of the modern one Also inthe 2nd century BC, hypsicles first divided the circle of the zodiac into http://www.arabworldbooks.com/bibliothecaAlexandrina.htm
Extractions: Alexandria, the main harbor of Egypt on the Mediterranean, was once called The pearl of the Mediterranean. Strabo, the geographer in the 1st century AD, called Alexandria The greatest emporium of the inhabited world. The city was supposed to witness the inauguration of its re-built famous library, Bibliotheca Alexandrina on 23 April 2002, a date that was postponed due to the ongoing political strains in the Middle East. The word bibliotheca comes from the Greek word for books, since the ancient library belonged to the Hellenistic period. Alexander the Great built the city in 331 BC, and upon his death his widespread empire was divided among several rulers. Ptolemy, one of his generals, chose Egypt and started a new royal house. Alexandria became the capital of the state, and by the year 200 B.C., it grew into the largest metropolis in the world, and became the world's scientific and intellectual Mecca. The legacy of the Ptolemies was highlighted by major achievements, notably its university, the Great Library, the lighthouse that was considered among the Seven Wonders of the World, as well as the Temple of Serapis and the Heptastadion that connected the Island of Pharos with Alexandria. Although ancient Egypt had known papyrus libraries as far as 3200 B.C., and Athens had a great library in the 4th century B.C., the Bibliotheca Alexandrina was the largest in all antiquity. It was also a part of a research institute, known as the Alexandrian Museum or Mouseion - a word related to the shrine of the Muses which was a customary feature of the Greek schools that attributed philosophic and artistic inspiration to the Muses and science.
Diophantus Of Alexandria And The 10-th Problem Of Hilbert We know almost nothing about Diophantus, except that he lived, in alexandria.We know that he quotes hypsicles (150 BC) and he is quoted by Theon of http://www.mlahanas.de/Greeks/Diophantus.htm
Extractions: Diophantus of Alexandria Michael Lahanas Diophant von Alexandrien We know almost nothing about Diophantus, except that he lived, in Alexandria. We know that he quotes Hypsicles (150 BC) and he is quoted by Theon of Alexandria (whose date is fixed by the solar eclipse of June 16, 364 AD ). This tomb hold Diophantus. Ah, what a marvel! And the tomb tells scientifically the measure of his life. God vouchsafed that he should be a boy for the sixth part of his life; when a twelfth was added, his cheeks acquired a beard; He kindled for him the light of marriage after a seventh, and in the fifth year after his marriage He granted him a son. Alas! late-begotten and miserable child, when he had reached the measure of half his father's life, the chill grave took him. After consoling his grief by this science of numbers for four years, he reached the end of his life. J R Newman (ed.) The World of Mathematics (New York 1956). From his epitaph, which can be written as a linear equation x = x/6 + x/12 + x/7 + 5+ x/2 + 4 (where x is the number of years of Diophantus lived ) we find a solution x = 84. We know therefore that he married at the age of 33, had a son who died when he was 42, 4 years before Diophantus himself died. Assumimg that he was born around 200 AD then Diophantus lived in the period (
Hipparchus The Astronomer It is possible that he took over from hypsicles, who earlier had divided The angular size of the visible Sun seen at alexandria therefore is 0.1 degree. http://www.mlahanas.de/Greeks/Hipparchus.htm
Extractions: The Astronomer Hipparchus of Rhodes Michael Lahanas Griechische Astronomie: Hipparchos Pliny, Natural History, Book 2) 77 AD on Hipparchus Hipparchus of Rhodes Ptolemy produced with the Almagest the most important book of astronomy for around 1500 years but for this work the contribution of the earlier work of Hipparchus was very important. Almost none of Hipparchus books survived except a commentary on Phainomena of Eudoxus and Aratus of Soli. We know the work of Hipparchus from Ptolemy's Almagest and from comments of others. The Chord, Crd(a), that was calculated by Hipparchus as a function of the angle a.
History Of Alexandria: The Ptolemaic Legacy that hypsicles first divided the circle of the zodiac into 360 degrees. The construction of the Lighthouse of alexandria was completed during the http://ce.eng.usf.edu/pharos/Alexandria/History/legacy.html
Extractions: The Ptolemaic Legacy When Ptolemy Soter assumed power, he asked Demitrius Phalerus , a follower of Aristotle , to found a library system at Alexandria that would rival that of Athens. The Alexandrian Mouseion , however, far superseded its Greek prototype to become an intellectual and scientific institution; a university system rather than a bibliotheca. It was here, in the third century BC, that Archimedes invented the pump still in use today and known as Archimedes' screw , and, in the second century BC, that Hypsicles first divided the circle of the zodiac into 360 degrees. Ancient historians claim that the library's 500,000 book collection was so comprehensive that no manuscript was available in any library worldwide that was not available in Alexandria. Have you ever heard of Euclidean Geometry? Did you know that Euclid lived, developed his theories, and wrote Elements at the Alexandria Mouseion during the reign of Ptolemy II Philadelphus? In his Elements , Euclid provided a comprehensive analysis of geometry, proportions, and theory of numbers. His other notable contribution
University At Alexandria - History For Kids! the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World), the Library of alexandria, which was today,that Euclid invented the rules of geometry, that hypsicles first divided http://historyforkids.org/learn/egypt/people/university.htm
Extractions: Greece ... About History for Kids Updated Wednesday, Aug 31, 2005 Advertisement or go to a topic area: Egypt or West Asia Ancient China or Africa Ancient Greece or India Ancient Rome Ancient Germany The Islamic Empires ... Medieval Europe Send us a message , and we'll try to answer your question. Egyptian University
Euclid - Books I-IX According to another version hypsicles, a pupil of Euclid at alexandria, offeredto the king and published Books XIV. and XV., it being also stated that http://www.headmap.org/unlearn/euclid/before/tradition.htm
Extractions: @import url(../../../ul-css/3-col-nn4-new-main.css); the teS Euclids elements BOOKS I-IX translated by T.L. Heath BACKGROUND euclid and the traditions about him. euclid's other works. greek commentators on the elements ... modern algebraic interpretations [see also: equations - Diophantus; conics - Appolonius] HEADMAP home unlearning EUCLID BOOK I BOOK II BOOK III BOOK IV ... BOOK IX OVERVIEW book 1, triangles book 2, quadratics books 3 and 4, circles book 5, theory of proportion book 6, geometry and the theory of proportion books 7, 8 and 9 ,number theory GEOMETRICAL ALGEBRA book II identities gemetrical solution of quadratics application of areas transformation of areas ... Book V notes Book VII notes Book VIII notes Book IX notes [p. 1] As in the case of the other great mathematicians of Greece, so in Euclid's case, we have only the most meagre particulars of the life and personality of the man. Most of what we have is contained in the passage of Proclus' summary relating to him, which is as follows âNot much younger than these (sc. Hermotimus of Colophon and Philippus of Medma) is Euclid, who put together the Elements, collecting many of Eudoxus' theorems, perfecting many of Theaetetus', and also bringing to irrefragable demonstration the things which were only somewhat loosely proved by his predecessors. This man lived
Table Of Contents hypsicles (Euclid, book XIV). Nicomedes. Diocles . Perseus. Zejodorus The capture of alexandria, and end of the alexandrian Schools . CHAPTER VI. http://web.doverpublications.com/cgi-bin/toc.pl/0486206300
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Fabled Library Of Alexandria Unearthed! the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World), the Library of alexandria, which was usetoday, that Euclid wrote the rules of geometry, that hypsicles first divided http://www.politicscafe.com/forum/index.php?board=15;action=display;threadid=166
Index Of Ancient Greek Philosophers-Scientists Euclid (alexandria, 4th 3rd century BC). alexandrian mathematician. It isbelieved that hypsicles introduced the 360 degree circle to Greek http://www.ics.forth.gr/~vsiris/ancient_greeks/hellinistic_period.html
Extractions: This period marking advances in astronomy, mathematics and medicine. Hellinistic refers to the Greeks and others who lived after Alexander the Great's conquests, during which there existed a mixture of civilizations. Important schools of this period include Epicurianism, Stoiciscm , and Skeptisicm Epicurus of Samos (341-270 B.C.). Founder of the philosophical school of Epicurianism which, similar to the Atomists, believed that atoms are fundamental parts of the real world. Believed that fate was governed by laws of nature and not some mysterious gods. Straton (Lambsacus, 340-290 B.C.). Greek physicist. Conducted experiments leading him to discover that bodies accelerate when they fall. However, erroneously, he also believes that heavier bodies fall faster. Also studied the lever, but does not find it's law. His work emphasizes the use of experimentation for scientific research. Lived in Alexandria, then moved to Athens to head the Aristitle's Lyceum after Theophrastos. Zenon of Citius (4th century B.C.).
Hutton, Charles A Mathematical And Philosphical Dictionary 15th books of Euclid, and which, it is said, were contracted by hypsicles. Seventyyears after Christ, was born Ptolomy of alexandria; a good geometrician, and http://141.14.236.86/cgi-bin/archim/dict/hw?lemma=MATHEMATICS&step=entry&id=d006
Bibliotheca Alexandrina The chief Librarian of alexandria was chosen from the most prominent Also inthe 2nd century BC, hypsicles first divided the circle of the zodiac into http://www.aldokkan.com/geography/library.htm
Extractions: Home Egypt Map Alexandria The Ancient Alexandria library was known as the Mouseion, it was built in the district known as Brucheium within the vicinity of the royal palace. Strabo described it as a large complex of buildings and gardens with richly decorated lecture and banquet halls linked by colonnaded walks. It was part of the royal palaces, it had a walk [peripatos], an arcade [exedera], a large house in which was a refectory for members of the Mouseion. They formed a community who held property in common with a priest appointed by the kings in charge of the Mouseion. The University and renowned Library were built as part of the Museum in 290 BC by Ptolemy I-Soter, though some sources suggest that it started during the reign of his son, Ptolemy II- Philadelphus. The actual founder was Demetrius Phalereus, a follower of Aristotle and counselor of Ptolemy I-Soter, who suggested to the king the idea of establishing a great research center with a universal library attached to it. Such a suggestion fitted perfectly with Soter's desire to render Alexandria not only the capital of a powerful kingdom but also a center of culture and civilization. Demetrius remained in charge of the library until Soters death in 283 BC when he was banished by Philadelphus in retaliation to the formers advice to Soter to pass kingship to another son. The library was staffed by many famous Greek writers and scholars, and contained a vast collection of books, and over 700,000 scrolls and papyri. It was a tradition that if any book was found in a ship that visited Alexandria. This was taken to the Library to be copied and hence no manuscript was available in any library worldwide and not in Alexandria. Documents were arranged in systematic order in the form of books, as they are now known. Scientists, philosophers and artists from allover the world were invited to study and enrich the university and library, that made Alexandria carry the beacon of civilization until it was burned by the Romans in 48 BC.
Math History - Pre-historic And Ancient Times About 150BC, hypsicles writes On the Ascension of Stars. In this work he is thefirst to She becomes head of the NeoPlatonist school at alexandria. http://lahabra.seniorhigh.net/pages/teachers/pages/math/timeline/MpreAndAncient.
Extractions: Prehistory and Ancient Times Middle Ages Renaissance Reformation ... External Resources About 30000BC Palaeolithic peoples in central Europe and France record numbers on bones. About 25000BC Early geometric designs used. About 4000BC Babylonian and Egyptian calendars in use. About 3400BC The first symbols for numbers, simple straight lines, are used in Egypt. About 3000BC Babylonians begin to use a sexagesimal number system for recording financial transactions. It is a place-value system without a zero place value. About 3000BC Hieroglyphic numerals in use in Egypt. About 3000BC The abacus is developed in the Middle East and in areas around the Mediterranean. A somewhat different type of abacus is used in China. About 1950BC Babylonians solve quadratic equations.
FACING HISTORY The ancient Greek University unearthed in alexandria was one of many in the that hypsicles first divided the circle of the zodiac into 360 degrees, http://ethnikoi.org/polydoros.html
Extractions: FACING HISTORY The ancient Greek University unearthed in Alexandria was one of many in the great city and Alexandria was not the only place in the ancient Greek world that had Universities, with thousands of students each. Civilisation at the time was of a higher standard than we are allowed to know about, nor are we allowed to know that the Judaeo-Christian rulers methodically and inexorably destroyed most evidence of that civilisation. This 'mission' was meticulously carried out along with repeated extensive genocides of the Hellenic Ethnos across Europe Asia and Northern Africa . This was a "Cultural Revolution" that lasted about a thousand years. The result was catastrophic for humanity and brought about the Dark Ages that blanketed the world. In 30 BC, Julius Caesar's troops caused superficial damage to the University of Alexandria, which was easily repaired. The Christians would later destroy both institutions and launch a protracted three century (300-600 AD) genocide against the Hellenes of Alexandria, except for a short break when the Emperor Julian (the Apostate) took power. During those dark years, the library's books were used to light fires in public baths and household fireplaces and as wrapping paper in the markets. When the Arabs took over the city in 641, they found no higher cultural institutions of note. There were few original Hellenes remaining, only some Greek-speaking Christians, 99% of them illiterate, who had rote-learnt their prayers in Greek.
Engineering Database The number of volumes in the Library of alexandria reached 500000. Stirrups areused in China. 150BC, hypsicles writes On the Ascension of Stars. http://www.diracdelta.co.uk/science/source/t/i/timeline/source.html
Extractions: A brief overview of the major milestones in science and engineering. Palaeolithic peoples in central Europe and France record numbers on bones. Early geometric designs used. Sheep are domesticated in the Middle East. Corn is domesticated in the Oaxaca Valley. Wheat is domesticated in Mesopotamia. Cattle are domesticated in Mesopotamia. Copper artifacts are common in the Middle East. Barley is domesticated in Egypt. Potatoes are domesticated in Peru and Bolivia. Light wooden plows are used in Mesopotamia. Kiln-fired bricks and pots are made in Mesopotamia. Potter's wheel used in Mesopotamia. Pyramids are built in Egypt. Bronze is developed in Mesopotamia. Horse drawn vehicles are used in Egypt. Horse riding is developed on the Eurasia steppes. Copper is smelted in China. Rice paddies are developed in China. Iron working is developed in the Middle East.
ContentCafe 271, (1). 142 hypsicles and his works. 272, (2). 143 Hipparchus. 274, (2). 144 Heronof alexandria. 276, (4). 145 Heron s geometrical works. 280, (4). http://contentcafe.btol.com/ClientApplication/ContentCafe.aspx?UserID=quantum&Pa
The Seattle Times Nation World Site Of Ancient University It was in alexandria that Archimedes invented the screwshaped fluid pump stillin use today, that Euclid invented the rules of geometry, that hypsicles first http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2001923722_alexandria09.html
