TITLE 492432 bc), democritus of abdera (b. ca. 460 bc), and Anaxagoras of Clazomenae (ca.500-428 bc). The details of this debate need not detain us here, http://eprints.yorku.ca/archive/00000086/00/encyclopedia.htm
Extractions: [Note: The article was intended for inclusion in A. Weber, (Ed.) (in press). Psychology. Vol. 1: History of Psychology Danbury CT : Grolier International. Grollier finally decided to publish a greatly abridged version, so I have decided to post the original full-length version here. - cdg Ancient Greek Psychology Christopher D. Green Toronto Canada The idea of the mind was first systematically explored in ancient Greece The main figures in this exploration were the early Presocratic philosophers, Plato, Artistotle , and the Hippocratic physicians. The key issues for them were the basic nature of the mind (i.e., what it is made of), and the various parts or functions it has. They also made some early discoveries about the relation between the mind and the brain. Key Dates Box
Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2002.10.01 out of the tradition in ethics that begins with democritus of abdera and is So Warren digs beneath Epicurus view to uncover the views of Democritus http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/bmcr/2002/2002-10-01.html
Extractions: According to Epicurus, the ideal state of the soul is "tranquillity" ( ataraxia ). Where did he get this idea? Warren's thesis is that it grew out of the tradition in ethics that begins with Democritus of Abdera and is continued by such figures as Anaxarchus of Abdera ("the Eudaimonikos "), Pyrrho of Elis (who anticipated Epicurus in championing ataraxia ), and Epicurus' teacher Nausiphanes (a Democritean student of Pyrrho). The layers of this tradition are like the layers of soil through which archaeologists must dig to get to the bottom of things. So Warren digs beneath Epicurus' view to uncover the views of Democritus and his successors on the telos Is Warren's "archaeology" successful? I have a number of reservations. My main criticism is that Warren ends up saying surprisingly little about how Epicurus' own distinctive view of the telos grew out of Democritean ethics. He offers only a bried and imprecise account of Epicurus' view on pp. 3-5 of his introduction, then announces that his concern is not to reconstruct Epicurus' view but "to offer a story which might explain how he came to advocate the position that he did". But I do not see how one can explain
Democritus - Enpsychlopedia democritus of abdera (http//wwwgap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Democritus.html) biography page by the School ofMathematics and Statistics at http://psychcentral.com/psypsych/Democritus
Extractions: Democritus_bust.jpg Bust of Democritus Democritus was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher (born at Abdera in Thrace around 460 BC ; died in 370 BC ). Democritus was a student of Leucippus , and co-originator of the belief that all matter is made up of various imperishable indivisible elements which he called "atomos", from which we get the English word atom . It is virtually impossible to tell which of these ideas were unique to Democritus, and which are attributable to Leucippus. Democritus is also the first philosopher we know who realized that what we perceive as the Milky Way is the light of distant stars. Other philosophers, including later Aristotle , argued against this. Democritus was among the first to propose that the universe contains many worlds, some of them inhabited: Missing image
Untitled Document democritus of abdera (460370) posited the existence of atoms. Pythagoras (569-500)was probably the first to assert that Earth is a sphere. http://celator.com/cws/marotta.html
Extractions: Ancient coins show they knew it was round by Michael Marotta The average person in Hellenic and Roman times knew that our world is round. The philosophic inquiries that began with Thales (624-547 BCE), reached a zenith in the works of Aristotle (384-321). Later, hellenistic astronomers made measurements of the size of the Earth and the sizes of and distances to the Sun and Moon. Several schemes for explaining the motions of the planets were invented. Generally, the average person of those times did not believe Earth to be flat any more than the average person of our day believes that we are alone in the galaxy. Philosophic Developments We should not be surprised to learn that various Greek philosophers and mathematicians had clever insights. Empedocles of Akragas (490-430) proved by experiment that air has substance. Democritus of Abdera (460-370) posited the existence of atoms. Pythagoras (569-500) was probably the first to assert that Earth is a sphere. The other candidate for originating this insight is Parmenides of Elea (fl. c. 500 BCE). However, later than them, Anaxagoras of Clazomenae (500-428) said that our world is "cylindrical", i.e., shaped like a drum or a modern coin. Democritus agreed. Aristotle summarized and criticized just about every significant work up to his time. In his books, On The Heavens, he notes the reasons offered by Anaxagoras and Democritus for asserting that Earth is flat. Then he argues against them, and states: "These conditions will be provided, even though the Earth is spherical, if it is of the requisite size..."
Kids.net.au - Encyclopedia Democritus - democritus of abdera (http//wwwgap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Democritus) biography page by the School of Mathematicsand Statistics at the http://www.kids.net.au/encyclopedia-wiki/de/Democritus
Extractions: Web kids.net.au Thesaurus Dictionary Kids Categories Encyclopedia ... Contents Stamp issued by Greece on Sept. 26, 1983, to honor an International Conference on Democritus and his work Democritus was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher (born at Abdera in Thrace around 460 BC ; lived to be very old, but died at an unknown date). Democritus was a student of Leucippus , and co-originator of the belief that all matter is made up of various imperishable indivisible elements which he called atoms. It is virtually impossible to tell which of these ideas were unique to Democritus, and which are attributable to Leucippus. Democritus is also the first philosopher we know who realized that what we perceive as the Milky Way is the light of distant stars. Other philosophers, including later Aristotle , argued against this. Democritus was among the first to propose that the universe contains many worlds, some of them inhabited: He was also a pioneer of mathematics and geometry in particular. We only know this through citations of his works (titled
Philosophers: D democritus of abdera (c.460c.370 BCE). Articles Web pages. + DemocritusArticle by JJ O Connor and EF Robertson, for the MacTutor History of Mathematics http://users.ox.ac.uk/~worc0337/phil-D.html
Extractions: Philosophers: Davidson to Duns Scotus Democritus of Abdera (c.460-c.370 BCE) Democritus Article by J.J. O'Connor and E.F. Robertson, for the MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive (University of St Andrews) Democritus Article by Sylvia Berryman for the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Democritus Article from the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy Democritus Wikipedia article. The Atomistic Philosophy of Leucippus and Democritus Article by Thomas Knierim for thebigview.com
Who Were Democritus And Leucippus democritus of abdera, on the coast of Thrace, lived around 460360 BC Togetherwith his teacher Leucippus, he was the chief spokesman for the philosophy of http://www.wvup.edu/Academics/humanities/Oldaker/who_were_democritus_and_leucipp
Extractions: Who were Democritus and Leucippus? Democritus of Abdera, on the coast of Thrace, lived around 460-360 B.C. Together with his teacher Leucippus, he was the chief spokesman for the philosophy of atomism. Nothing of Leucippus work has survived, but fragments from Democritus work on metaphysics, epistemology, and ethics remain, as well as his collection of ethical maxims called The Gnomae. Gnomae are aphorisms dealing with serious ethical and philosophical issues. He had written sixty books originally. Leucippus was a pre-Socratic while Democritus was an older contemporary of Plato, whom he opposed. Democritus thought was expounded subsequently by Epicurus and Lucretius. Democritus saw a piece of lint floating in the sunlight one day and wondered why the lint did not fall directly to the floor as other objects normally did. He surmised that there must be invisible particles hitting against the lint, preventing it from falling straight to the floor. He called these invisible particles atoms and said that they must really exist. Other Pre-Socratic Greek Philosophers: Basic elemental stuff of the universe.
Glossary Of People: De democritus of abdera (c. 460370). Most famous ancient European philosopher ofmaterialism. In his Doctoral Dissertation, Marx supported the importance of http://www.marxists.org/glossary/people/d/e.htm
Extractions: MIA Encyclopedia of Marxism : Glossary of People De Beauvoir, Simone (1908-1986) French writer and feminist , and Existentialist . She is known primarily for her treatise The Second Sex Jean-Paul Sartre , beginning a free, lifelong association with him. She taught at a number of schools (1931-43) before turning to writing for her livelihood. In 1945 she began editing Le Temps Modernes with Sartre. She Came To Stay the other The Mandarins The Ethics of Ambiguity Several volumes of her work are devoted to autobiography which constitute a telling portrait of French intellectual life from the 1930s to the 1970s. In addition to treating feminist issues, de Beauvoir was concerned with the issue of aging, which she addressed in A Very Easy Death A Farewell to Sartre Simone de Beauvoir revealed herself as a woman of formidable courage and integrity, whose life supported her thesis: the basic options of an individual must be made on the premises of an equal vocation for man and woman founded on a common structure of their being, independent of their sexuality. Simone De Beauvoir Archive De Boer, Harry (1905-91)
New Page 1 Democritus came from Abdera, in Thrace in Northern Greece, and did indeed His associate, democritus of abdera, likewise posited the full and the void as http://home.wlu.edu/~mahonj/Ancient_Philosophers/Atomists.htm
Extractions: Democritus THE ATOMISTS LEUCIPPAS ( fl DEMOCRITUS (460- ) Leucippas may have come from Miletus; however, little is known about him. He is said to have written two books, On Mind and The Great World System . He is accepted as being the first to devise the theory of atoms and the void (atomism). Democritus came from Abdera , in Thrace in Northern Greece, and did indeed associate with Leucippas. He traveled a great deal. He wrote many works (at least seventy) on varied subjects, including The Little World System , in homage to his teacher. What Is and What Is Not 1. 'Leucippus and his associate Democritus declare the full and the empty [void] to be the elements, calling the former "what is" and the other "what is not". Of these the one, "what is", is full and solid, the other, "what is not", is empty [void] and rare. (This is why they say that what is is no more than what is not, because the void is no less than body is.) These are the material causes of existing things....' (Aristotle, Metaphysics The Need for a Void Atoms/Thing and the Void/Nothing 1. 'Democritus believes that the nature of the eternal things is small beings unlimited in multitude. As a place for these he hypothesizes something else, unlimited in size, and he calls the place by the names "void", "nothing" and "unlimited" [of "infinite"] and he calls each of the substances "thing" and "compact" and "what is". He holds that the substances are so small that they escape our senses." (Aristotle
Christopher Morley Writes About Don Marquis That was, to me, the biggest joke of the book. I dimly remember that there wassomeone called democritus of abdera, nicknamed the Laughing Philosopher. http://www.donmarquis.org/morleyondon2.htm
Extractions: I got into a habit, some years ago, of looking into the index of any new book on contemporary history, sociology, or the so-called American Scene, to see if it contained allusion to or quotation from Don Marquis. And if, as usual, it didn't, I smiled sadly and secretly and went about my affairs. How characteristic of the Solemn Skullworkers, I said to myself, that because many of Marquis's most pungent comments on the human comedy were put in the form of soliloquies by the Old Soak or by archy the cockroach they could not recognize their specific gravity. I remember my amazement to discover that Max Eastman's Enjoyment of Laughter a serious work, with diagrams (!) analyzing the instinctive responses of mirth made no mention whatever of the most philosophical humorist of our time. That was, to me, the biggest joke of the book. archy and mehitabel ) which is still far too little known. The idea of using the roach as a dee-vice of scoff against the verse libre poets of Greenwich Village (pallidly conspicuous 21 years ago when archy was born) was also soon forgotten. Mehitabel the corybantic cat came on the scene to provide lyric spasms; archy became less the clown and more the skeptical commentator, I am not going to maxeastman the matter by avoirdupois analysis, not insist that these two freakish palefaces provided just the mechanism Mr. Marquis's genius required. The kind of people who enjoyed the three archy books do not need to have it rubbed in on them that there is much there beyond sheer enjoyment. The right sort of reader, unspoiled by painful palaver, feels that sort of things by sensitive instinct and resents pedestrian footnotes.
The Atomism Of Democritus democritus of abdera lived from about 460 to 370 BC Along with Leucippus, anolder philosopher whose dates are uncertain, he is the founder of the atomic http://www.wku.edu/~jan.garrett/democ.htm
Extractions: Democritus of Abdera lived from about 460 to 370 B.C. Along with Leucippus, an older philosopher whose dates are uncertain, he is the founder of the atomic philosophy of nature. Atomism is the most influential of the philosophies of nature to be developed prior to the time of Socrates (d. 399 B.C.). With Socrates the interest of philosophy shifts for awhile away from nature. After Aristotle's death the atomist philosophy is revived, with some modifications, by Epicurus. In the Roman period it was popularized in its Epicurean form in Lucretius' lengthy poem On the Nature of the Universe. In the seventeenth century (i.e., before the development of what can be recognized as modern chemistry), something like ancient atomism was revived in the philosophy of Pierre Gassendi. Immediately following is your instructor's reconstruction of the Democritean philosophy, based on the surviving fragments of Democritus himself. The "fragments" are citations and paraphrases of Democritus' writings found in various ancient authors. We do not possess any complete text from Democritus. The interested student is invited to look up the extant fragments of Democritus in any collection of the writings of the Pre-socratics. See "For Further Reading" at the end of this essay.
Extractions: Put exact phrases in quotes Search within Results by media type: We searched for: we found: results by media type: journal articles: magazine articles: newspaper articles: encyclopedia articles: Research Topics on: alexandrian philosopher List All Research Topics Philo (Philo of Alexandria, Philo Judaeus) - 2438 results More book Results: Alexandrian Poetry under the First Three Ptolemies, 324-222 B.C Book by Auguste Couat James Loeb ; W. Heinemann, Ltd., 1931 Subjects: Greek PoetryHistory And Criticism ...court of poets and philosophers . He summoned to his...important place in Alexandrian literature. The women attract the poets and philosophers and keep them under...fugitive grammarians, philosophers , scholars and artists...DATES FOR THE FIRST
Democritus - MavicaNET democritus of abdera (ca. 470ca. 380 BC) - English URLhttp//www.treasure-troves.com/bios/Democritus.html. shown in filters Referencesand Indices http://www.mavicanet.com/directory/eng/11175.html
Extractions: Belarusian Bulgarian Croatian Czech Danish Dutch English Estonian Finnish French German Greek Hungarian Icelandic Irish Italian Latvian Lithuanian Norwegian Polish Portuguese Romanian Russian Serbian (cyr.) Serbian (lat.) Slovak Spanish Swedish Turkish Ukrainian Culture Philosophy By Periods and Regions Ancient Greek Philosophy ... Abdera Democritus Sister categories ... Anaxagoras Anaximander Anaximenes Aristotle (384-322 BC) Cicero, Marcus Tullius (106-43... Clemens Alexandrinus Cynism Epictetus Epicureanism Epicurus Heraclitus (540-280 B.C.) Hypatia of Alexandria Iamblichus Lucrecius Parmenid Phales Philo Judaeus Plato (428-348 B.C.) Plotinus Porphyry Proclus Protagoras Protagorus Pythagoras of Samos Socrates Sophism Theophrastus Zenon Sites No filters selected ... Web Resources News Job Education Personalia Organizations References and Indices Humor and entertainment Publications Chats and Forums Shopping Democritus Sites total: 10
A Chronology Of The Atomic View Of Nature 400 BC, democritus of abdera (Greece, c. 460357 BC), pupil of Leucippus, wasthe most famous of the atomists in ancient times. http://www.3rd1000.com/chronoatoms.htm
Extractions: A CHRONOLOGY OF THE ATOMIC VIEW OF NATURE c. 550 B.C. THALES of Miletus (Greece, c. 640-546 B.C.) recorded the attractive properties of rubbed amber and of lodestone. c. 450 B.C. LEUCIPPUS (Greece) proposed an atomic concept of matter. c. 400 B.C. DEMOCRITUS of Abdera (Greece, c. 460-357 B.C.) pupil of Leucippus, was the most famous of the atomists in ancient times. He taught: "The only existing things are the atoms and empty space; all else is mere opinion. " c. 335 B.C. ARISTOTLE (Greece, 384-322 B.C.) held that all matter was basically composed of the same continuous primordial stuff. c. 300 B.C. EPICURUS of Samos (Greece, c. 342-270 B.C.) founded a philosophical system based on the atomism of Democritus. c. B.C. ZENO of Cition (Greece, c. 336-264 B.C.) founded the Stoic school of philosophy which held that matter, space, etc. were continuous. c. 60 B.C. TITUS LUCRETIUS CARUS (Rome, c. 96-55 B.C.) attempted to formulate a rational explanation of natural phenomena by extending the beliefs of Democritus and Epicurus.
Democritus democritus of abdera (Thrace, Greece) is best known for his atomic theory but hewas also an excellent geometer. Very little is known of his life but we http://greekhistory.gr.funpic.de/pages/democritus.htm
Extractions: Democritus asserted that space, or the Void, had an equal right with reality, or Being, to be considered existent. He conceived of the Void as a vacuum, an infinite space in which moved an infinite number of atoms that made up Being (i.e. the physical world). These atoms are eternal and invisible; absolutely small, so small that their size cannot be diminished (hence the name atomon, or "indivisible"); absolutely full and incompressible, as they are without pores and entirely fill the space they occupy; and homogeneous, differing only in shape, arrangement, position, and magnitude. Another fundamental idea in Democritus's theory is that nature behaves like a machine, it is nothing more than a highly complex mechanism. Democritus's philosophy contains an early form of the conservation of energy. In his theory atoms are eternal and so is motion. Democritus explained the origin of the universe through atoms moving randomly and colliding to form larger bodies and worlds. There was no place in his theory for divine intervention. Instead he postulated a world which had always existed, and would always exist, and was filled with atoms moving randomly. Vortex motions occurred due to collisions of the atoms and in resulting vortex motion created differentiation of the atoms into different levels due only to their differing mass. This was not a world which came about through the design or purpose of some supernatural being, but rather it was a world which came about through necessity, that is from the nature of the atoms themselves.
Dr. Waggle - His associate, democritus of abdera, likewise posited the full and the void asprinciples, of which he calls the former being and the latter notbeing . http://www.philosophy.ilstu.edu/ljwaggl/phil254/ancientatomism.htm
Extractions: Home PHI 254: ANCIENT AND MEDIAEVAL PHILOSOPHY Waggle Section Ancient Atomists: Leucippus and Democritus With these philosophers, we finally have a coherent and ingenious response to Parmenides challenge to knowledge of sense-perception. The upshot of the atomist position leads to an incredible advance in our understanding of the physical world and the constituents of knowledge. What more, by eliminating final causation from their physical theories, the ancient atomists break from the mystic tradition carried over into philosophy, and they establish the study of ethics as a separate sub-field of philosophy independent from religion. This makes them far closer to our understanding of ethics than anything we have seen previously. Little is known of Leucippus, and we have only one sentence of his work The Great World System that has come down to us. Even in antiquity, he appears to be a shadowy figure. Leucippus was eclipsed by his pupil, Democritus, and most of what we will be doing will focus on Democritus. Democritus was a very prolific writer. Over 70 works are attributed to him. He is a contemporary of Socrates, and was in Athens when Socrates is active. Democritus is said to have constructed a systematic and comprehensive theory of nature and of the origin of things that was difficult even for the ancients to distinguish from Leucippus. It is Aristotle who grasped the significance of the atomist work.
MSN Encarta - Multimedia - Democritus democritus of abdera, the laughing philosopher , is best known today for histheory of atomism developed from the views of Leucippus and for his surviving http://uk.encarta.msn.com/media_221622012_761574677_-1_1/Democritus.html
History_chinese democritus of abdera (Born about 460 BC in Abdera, Thrace, Greece / Died Democritus asserted that space, or the Void, had an equal right with reality, http://www.ucdsb.on.ca/tiss/stretton/CHEM1/history_Democritus.html
Extractions: Born: about 460 BC in Abdera, Thrace, Greece Died: about 370 BC) Democritus asserted that space, or the Void, had an equal right with reality, or Being, to be considered existent. He conceived of the Void as a vacuum, an infinite space in which moved an infinite number of atoms that made up Being (i.e. the physical world). These atoms are eternal and invisible; absolutely small, so small that their size cannot be diminished (hence the name atomon, or "indivisible"); absolutely full and incompressible, as they are without pores and entirely fill the space they occupy; and homogeneous, differing only in shape, arrangement, position, and magnitude. With this as a basis to the physical world, Democritus could explain all changes in the world as changes in motion of the atoms, or changes in the way that they were packed together. This was a remarkable theory which attempted to explain the whole of physics based on a small number of ideas and also brought mathematics into a fundamental physical role since the whole of the structure proposed by Democritus was quantitative and subject to mathematical laws. Another fundamental idea in Democritus's theory is that nature behaves like a machine, it is nothing more than a highly complex mechanism.
Extractions: Came About As they come to maturity, most human beings seem to require an understanding of the Universe around them, and of how they fit into it. Without such an understanding, many suffer from anomie ; that is, they feel lost and without purpose. So as long as human beings have been conscious, humanity has tried to understand the wonder and perplexity of the cosmos. Staring up at the sky has filled human beings with many questions. They have asked: What is this magnificent and terrible world? What is it made of? How does it work? And why does it even exist? Did a god make it? Humanity has also wondered: What am I doing in the world? Where did my people come from? What should I do with my life? To answer these questions, leaders always seem to come forward bidden or unbidden. Or, sometimes, old and wise-seeming persons persons who appear to have superior experience and insight are asked what they believe. These leaders elders, gurus, preachers, or poets then dispense their answers. Sometimes these answers are accepted, and become the wisdom that guides the tribe. If held solemnly and firmly, as if the people were bound to this wisdom, this wisdom became the tribe's
History Of Philosophy 5 democritus of abdera was born about the year 460 BC It is said though it isby no means certain that he received instruction from the Magi and other http://www.nd.edu/Departments/Maritain/etext/hop05.htm
Extractions: THE ATOMISTS The Atomists represent the last phase of Ionian speculation concerning nature. They accept the dualistic ideas which characterize the Later Ionian philosophy, but by their substitution of necessity for intelligent force they abandon all that dualistic philosophy had to bequeath to them, and fall lower than the level which the early hylozoists had reached. It was at Miletus that the Ionian philosophy first appeared, and it was Miletus that produced Leucippus, the founder of Atomism, who virtually brings the first period of Greek philosophy to a close. So little is known of Leucippus that his very existence has been questioned. His opinions, too, have been so imperfectly transmitted to us that it is usual to speak of the tenets of the Atomists without distinguishing how much we owe to Leucippus, who by Aristotle and Theophrastus is regarded as the founder of the system, and how much we owe to Democritus, who was the ablest and best-known expounder of atomistic philosophy. DEMOCRITUS Life . Democritus of Abdera was born about the year 460 B.C. It is said though it is by no means certain that he received instruction from the Magi and other Oriental teachers. It is undoubtedly true that, at a later time, he was regarded as a sorcerer and magician, a fact which may account for the legend of his early training. He was probably a disciple of Leucippus. There is no historical foundation for the widespread belief that he laughed at everything.
