Epicurus.info : E-Texts : The Epicurean Inscription Empedocles of Acragas fire and air and water and earth, anaxagoras of clazomenaethe homoeomeries of each thing, and the Stoics matter and God. http://www.epicurus.info/etexts/tei.html
Extractions: Ellipses (...) of various lengths indicate gaps of various lengths in the text. Physics Fr. 1 Diogenes of Oinoanda's epitome on sensation and nature. Fr. 2 ...observing that most people suffer from false notions about things and do not listen to the body when it brings important and just accusations against the soul, alleging that it is unwarrantably mauled and maltreated by the soul and dragged to things which are not necessary (in fact, the wants of the body are small and easy to obtain and the soul too can live well by sharing in their enjoyment while those of the soul are both great and difficult to obtain and, besides being of no benefit to our nature, actually involve dangers). So (to reiterate what I was saying) observing that these people are in this predicament, I bewailed their behaviour and wept over the wasting of their lives, and I considered it the responsibility of a good man to give benevolent assistance, to the utmost of one's ability, to those of them who are well-constituted.
Hollandaise: Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek - Part II And (if I read the chart correctly) in 434 BC anaxagoras of clazomenae had alreadydetermined that Pi had to lie somewhere between 22/7 and 223/71. http://emmering.blogspot.com/2005/05/antoni-van-leeuwenhoek-part-ii.html
Extractions: @import url("http://www.blogger.com/css/blog_controls.css"); @import url("http://www.blogger.com/dyn-css/authorization.css?blogID=7395544"); @import url(http://www.blogger.com/css/navbar/main.css); @import url(http://www.blogger.com/css/navbar/2.css); BlogThis! Home of total blogging We're very much obliged to Warnar Moll , expert on all things Leeuwenhoekian, author of the world's premier Van Leeuwenhoek website and lucky owner of an original set of Complete Works by, you've guessed it, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek (Dutch Edition, 1684-1717). Because after reading my post on Van Leeuwenhoek's estimate on the Earth's maximum carrying capacity (which Van Leeuwenhoek estimated at 13.4 billion people), he has not only remained silent on the fact that I ripped all sorts of good stuff from his page, but he even has put up new and enlarged pictures of Van Leeuwenhoek's original calculations.
Introduction To Presocratic Philosophy anaxagoras of clazomenae. In the beginning all things were together Eleaticism andantiEleaticism; What are the things? What are Anaxagoras fundamental http://www.cus.cam.ac.uk/~jiw1001/Presoc.html
Extractions: Introduction to Presocratic philosophy 8L, Classics Part I Paper 8 The first 'philosophers': Milesian physikoi , Thales and Anaximander Xenophanes: god and knowledge ... Democritus: Atomism JIW/ THE FIRST 'PHILOSOPHERS': MILESIAN PHYSIKOI, THALES AND ANAXIMANDER Who are the Presocratics? What do they have in common? How do we know about them? fragments and doxography apeiron Anaximander on why the world stays up Reading: Detienne, M. (1996) The masters of truth in archaic Greece Cambridge, Mass. Jordan, W. (1990) Ancient concepts of philosophy London, ch.1
C.O.D. Library - Find Resources and the PreSocratics (Heraclitus of Ephesus, Parmenides of Elea, Zeno ofElea, Pythagoras of Croton, anaxagoras of clazomenae, Empedocles of Acragas). http://www.cod.edu/library/libweb/Berger/Philosophy/philosophyvideos05.htm
Extractions: Description: Discusses using philosophy as a tool for spiritual realization. (1st work). Discusses the relationship between psychedelic and religious experiences, the God within, and the cultivation of psychic experiences within religious and shamanic traditions (2nd work). Discusses spirituality as a joyful response to life itself (3rd work). Suggests that the study of psychology is incomplete without an understanding of the spiritual yearnings of human beings (4th work)
PSIgate - Physical Sciences Information Gateway Search/Browse Results anaxagoras of clazomenae Born 499 BC in Clazomenae (30 km west of Izmir),Lydia (now Turkey) Died 428 BC in Lampsacus, Mysia (now Turkey) Click the http://www.psigate.ac.uk/roads/cgi-bin/search_webcatalogue2.pl?limit=175&term1=p
Lectures 2001 anaxagoras of clazomenae (500/428) argued that there is a portion of everythingin every `thing , although identities differ according to ratios of http://www.brlsi.org/proceed02/philosophy019.htm
Extractions: PHILOSOPHY THE PRE-SOCRATICS Geoffrey Catchpole, Member, on 2 October 2001. The speaker began with some warnings on the limitations imposed on appreciation of the nature and significance of the contribution of pre-Socratic thinkers to Western philosophy, stemming mainly from their remoteness in time. Their writings are lost or fragmentary or interpreted through hearsay by partisans or critics. Usage and meanings derived in translation vary in interpretation over time. Greek presuppositions, such as identification of animate and inanimate entities limited their achievements. The crafts and technologies of earlier civilisations influenced the concerns, politics and developing philosophies of the preSocratics. A brief sketch was given of their sites in Turkey and South Italy and of their turbulent war-wracked history over their period, from around 600 to 400 BC Individual thinkers were then considered. Thales of Miletus (624/543) was celebrated as a practical geometer, but was praised by Aristotle for his suggestion of a substrate for the universe, as then conceived. His claim that water in its varying states was that substrate was based partly on Egyptian and Babylonian recognition of its significance, partly on the discoveries of inland fossils and partly on a traditional identification of self-movement and change with life itself. A pupil, Anaximander (610/545), also a geometer, substituted `apeiron' (`unlimited') as substrate, initiating separation of contrasting qualities (such as hot/cold, wet/dry) then return by evaporation to apeiron, thus emphasizing a natural balancing of substance and forces in both the cosmos and human society. While Thales thought Earth a disc floating on water, Anaximander argued that it could not rest on unsupported water and that it is poised in space because it is equidistant from everything else and has no reason to move.
The History Of Pi (Blatner, 16) At ap proximately the same time, anaxagoras of clazomenae startedworking on a problem that would not be conclusively solved for over 2000 http://www.math.rutgers.edu/courses/436/436-s00/Papers2000/wilson.html
Extractions: Rutgers, Spring 2000 Throughout the history of mathematics, one of the most enduring challenges has been the calculation of the ratio between a circle's circumference and diameter, which has come to be known by the Greek letter pi . From ancient Babylonia to the Middle Ages in Europe to the present day of supercomputers, mathematicians have been striving to calculate the mysterious number. They have searched for exact fractions, formulas, and, more recently, patterns in the long string of numbers starting with 3.14159 2653..., which is generally shortened to 3.14. William L. Schaaf once said, "Probably no symbol in mathematics has evoked as much mystery, romanticism, misconception and human interest as the number pi" (Blatner, 1). We will probably never know who first discovered that the ratio between a circle's circumference and diameter is constant, nor will we ever know who first tried to calculate this ratio. The people who initiated the hunt for pi were the Babylonians and Egyptians, nearly 4000 years ago. It is not clear how they found their approximation for pi, but one source (Beckman) makes the claim that they simply made a big circle, and then measured the circumference and diameter with a piece of rope. They used this method to find that
Democritus Certainly Democritus was not the first to propose an atomic theory. His teacherLeucippus had proposed an atomic system, as had anaxagoras of clazomenae. http://greekhistory.gr.funpic.de/pages/democritus.htm
Extractions: Democritus asserted that space, or the Void, had an equal right with reality, or Being, to be considered existent. He conceived of the Void as a vacuum, an infinite space in which moved an infinite number of atoms that made up Being (i.e. the physical world). These atoms are eternal and invisible; absolutely small, so small that their size cannot be diminished (hence the name atomon, or "indivisible"); absolutely full and incompressible, as they are without pores and entirely fill the space they occupy; and homogeneous, differing only in shape, arrangement, position, and magnitude. Another fundamental idea in Democritus's theory is that nature behaves like a machine, it is nothing more than a highly complex mechanism. Democritus's philosophy contains an early form of the conservation of energy. In his theory atoms are eternal and so is motion. Democritus explained the origin of the universe through atoms moving randomly and colliding to form larger bodies and worlds. There was no place in his theory for divine intervention. Instead he postulated a world which had always existed, and would always exist, and was filled with atoms moving randomly. Vortex motions occurred due to collisions of the atoms and in resulting vortex motion created differentiation of the atoms into different levels due only to their differing mass. This was not a world which came about through the design or purpose of some supernatural being, but rather it was a world which came about through necessity, that is from the nature of the atoms themselves.
M. Luz Presocratics 9 anaxagoras of clazomenae (c. 500428 BC). Background; Anaxagoras lived much ofhis life in Athens, where he was a personal advisor to the great Athenian http://research.haifa.ac.il/~mluz/Access/PhilLect9.html
Extractions: Even before Zeno formulated his paradoxes, some pluralists were preparing an answer for Parmenides' monism with a justification of a plurality of substances. Others were Zeno's contemporary, but took his criticism into account. The Pythagoreans envisioned a pluralistic numerical cosmos derived and generated from a geometric unit, very much like that of Parmenides. Opposed to this conceptual pluralistic account of the world, there is that of Empedocles who combined the old Ionic materialistic accounts of the world with a new conceptual account of cosmic forces. He accepted Parmenides' denial of the conversion of reality to non-reality in the sense that he denied the absolute destruction of substance or its absolute creation from nothing. Anaxagoras' account answers Parmenides' monism by eliminating the elements altogether.
Workshop In Ancient Philosophy In this paper I consider anaxagoras of clazomenae a philosopher who appeared inAthens and whose philosophical work certainly predates the moral inquiries http://www.fsu.edu/~philo/about/events/abstracts.html
Extractions: "Substance and Definition in Aristotles Metaphysics Z" Greg Bayer St. Johns College, Santa Fe One problem in deciphering Aristotles discussion of substance in Metaphysics Z arises in Zs very first sentence, where substance is characterized both in terms of ti esti and tode ti . Substance considered as the formeri.e., an entity answering the question "What is it?"would seem to amount to an equivalence of substance with essence or form. Regarding a given substance as "a this," on the other hand, places it at the level of hekasta , "particulars," like "this horse" or "this man"the primary substance of the Categories . How can substance be both? Metaphysics Z, in light of Aristotles discussion of explanatory definition in the Posterior Analytics . In APo II.10 two sorts of definitions are distinguished: the definition identifying a certain thing to be explained, and the aitia , or "explanatory principle," accounting for the things existence. Metaphysics Z.17 shows how the different notions of substance can be reconciled, by regarding the
Untitled Document C.) and anaxagoras of clazomenae (c.500428B.C.). According to Aristotle thePythagoreans believed in the existence of only one comet. http://www.vigyanprasar.com/dream/mar2001/comets.htm
Extractions: Development of Cometary Thought PART - I Subodh Mahanti Lucius Annaeus Seneca (4B.C.-A.D.65) in Natural Questions ... In thick smoke of human sins, rising every day, every hour, every moment full of stench and horror, before the face of God and becoming gradually so thick as to form a comet, with curled and plaited tresses, which at last is kindled by hot and fiery anger of the supreme Heavenly Judge. Andreas Celichius in The Theologial Reminder of the New Comet (1578) Donald K.Yeomans in Comets : A Chronological History of observations, Science, Myth and Folklore (1991). The development of the scientific understanding about comets has a long and intriguing history. For centuries people (common people and scientists alike) have pondered the appearance of these mysterious apparitions. People's fascination for them, as seneca pointed out, was because they were unusual strange phenomena. They appear rarely. Before the seventeenth century comets were not considered as celestial bodies but as signals at a sinful Earth from God. celichius as quoted above was no doubt expressing the majority view of the comet prevalent in the 16th century. of course, there were opponents, though their number were few. for example Andreas Dudith (1533-89), the Hungarian scholar, countered celichius views by stating that if comets were caused by the sins of the mortals then they would never be absent from the sky.
ANCIENT ATOMISTS anaxagoras from clazomenae (500? 428 BC ) stated that world s components wereunchanging. Just like Empedocles he was of the opinion that particles could http://library.thinkquest.org/13394/angielsk/ancient.html
Extractions: To get the most exact understanding and become acquainted with the development of thoughts in atomistics one should go back in time for over two thousand years and come to know attainments of ancient Greek philosophers. They were the first to research the world of microstructure. The researches were in considerable range ( but not always ) limited to solely logical considerations not supported by any experiments or discerning observations of nature. That caused many contradictions and often divergences between theory and practice. Thales from Miletus ( 620?- 540? B. C. ) was one of the first Greek thinkers, who started to considerate world's microstructure. He described the electrical influence of amber electrified by rubbing. He recognised water as basic substance occurring in nature. He thought that water was an original and final element and all the other substances came out of it. Life descended from water which in turn was a source of all motion. It had features which let the nature develop. He maintained that force was united with matter. He was of the opinion that the basic characteristic of water was its ability to move. Anaximander from Miletus (611- 547 B. C. ), Thales's disciple, perceived the world as the composition of contrasts : dry and wet, hot and cold; and one couldn't come from the other. It would be a mistake to declare that any one of them is the basic element. But he believed in the subsistence of the basic substance -apeiron- great, infinite in time and space, undiverted and neutral immensity. [ Although as the basic substance apeiron had strange features it resembles something well known nowadays- vacuum ! ] According to Anaximander the apeiron filled the whole world and created all the other substances which later disappeared in it, and included oppositions which could separate. He maintained also that matter was combined with motion making a unit.
History: Ancient Times anaxagoras from clazomenae (500 428 BC) also stated that world s componentswere unchanging. Just like Empedocles he was of the opinion that particles http://library.thinkquest.org/19662/low/eng/ancient.html
Extractions: - Democritus from Abdera T o assure you the best understanding and to let you have a closer look at the development of atomic physics' thoughts and ideas we will start our scientific journey from the achievements of ancient Greek philosophers therefore going back in time for over two thousand years. The man we are going to tell you now about were the first ones to research the structure of the world. As it was so long ago no wonder that researches they did were in considerable range (but fortunately not always) limited to solely logical considerations which were not supported by any experiments or more discerning observations of nature. It is not hard to guess that the fact caused lots of contradictions and often divergence between theory and practice. Thales from Miletus (625 - 545 B.C.) started to considerate the structure of the world as one of the first Greek thinkers. What he is very well known for is that he noticed and described the electrical influence of amber electrified by rubbing (anyway it is quite a god way to check if it's a real amber you have bought: rub it quite fast with a piece of wool and then place it near your hair. If the stone doesn't attract your hair - sorry but it isn't a real amber). He also recognised water as a basic substance occurring in nature thinking it was an original and final element. Life also descended from water which in turn was as he said a source of all motion. For Thales water had all needed features to let the whole nature develop. He was wrong of course but just think - after all he discovered the importance of motion and he considered the nature of force! Did you know that he came to the conclusion that force is united with matter?!
Anaxagoras Van Clazomenae anaxagoras van clazomenae. anaxagoras (499428 vC) was een rijke man die zijnbezittingen verwaarloosde om zich volledig aan de wetenschap over te geven. http://mediatheek.thinkquest.nl/~lla015/biografie/Anaxagoras.html
Extractions: Anaxagoras (499-428 v.C.) was een rijke man die zijn bezittingen verwaarloosde om zich volledig aan de wetenschap over te geven. Toen iemand hem vroeg wat de reden van het bestaan was, antwoordde hij: "Om de zon, maan en hemel te onderzoeken". In 480 v.C. verhuisde hij naar Athene waar hij filosofie introduceerde. Hij raakte bevriend met Pericles, de heerser van Athene. Pericles' vijanden probeerden hem aan te vallen door zijn vrienden. Ze klaagden Anaxagoras aan voor goddeloosheid, omdat hij had beweerd dat de zon een hete steen en de maan aardeachtig was. Hij werd in de gevangen genomen. In de gevangenis zou hij gewerkt hebben aan de oplossing van een aantal meetkundige problemen. Andere bronnen meldden overigens dat hij verbannen werd, hoe het ook zij uiteindelijk verhuisde hij naar Lampsacus waar hij stierf.
Anaxagoras [Internet Encyclopedia Of Philosophy] anaxagoras was a Greek philosopher of clazomenae in Asia Minor, born about 500 BCE.Aristotle describes him to have been older than Empedocles, http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/a/anaxagor.htm
Extractions: Like Empedocles, he started from the Parmenidean account of 'what is'. Also like Empedocles, Anaxagoras postulated a plurality of independent elements which he called 'seeds'. They are the ultimate elements of combination and are indivisible, imperishable primordia of infinite number, and differing in shape, color, and taste. Later writers referred to the seeds as omoiomereia (from an expression of Aristotle), meaning particles of like kind with each other and with the whole that is made up of them. They were not, however, the 'four roots', fire, air, earth, and water; on the contrary, these were compounds. Empedocles had supposed that bone, for instance, could be explained as a compound of the elements in a certain proportion, but this did not satisfy Anaxagoras. He pointed out that from bread and water arose hair, veins, 'arteries', flesh, muscles, bones, and the rest, and he asked 'How can hair be made of what is not hair, and flesh of what is not flesh?' (fr. 10). These words read like a direct criticism of Empedocles. nous set the unarranged matter into motion, and thereby created out of chaos an orderly world. The way in which it separates and orders things is by producing a rotatory motion, which begins at the center and spreads further and further. That is really all Anaxagoras had to say about it. Like a true Ionian he tried to give a mechanical explanation of everything he could, and, when once he had got the rotatory motion started, he could leave that to order the rest of the world.
Anaxagoras: Definition And Much More From Answers.com This article is about the philosopher anaxagoras. For the mythical Greek King At his native town of clazomenae in Asia Minor, he had, it appears, http://www.answers.com/topic/anaxagoras
Extractions: Greek philosopher who correctly explained solar eclipses and held that objects are composed of infinitesimal particles that each contain mixtures of all the qualities of the object. Encyclopedia Anaxagoras Än ÉksÄg ÉrÉs ) , c.500â428 B.C. , Greek philosopher of Clazomenae. He is credited with having transferred the seat of philosophy to Athens. He was closely associated with many famous Athenians and is thought to have been the teacher of Socrates. His belief that the sun was a white-hot stone and that the moon was made of earth that reflected the sun's rays resulted in a charge of atheism and blasphemy, forcing him to flee to Lampsacus, where he died. Rejecting Empedocles' four elements (earth, air, fire, and water), Anaxagoras posits an infinity of particles, or âseeds,â each unique in its qualities. All natural objects are composed of particles having all sorts of qualities; a preponderance of similar though not identical particles creates the difference between wood and stone. Anaxagoras' universe, before separation, was an infinite, undifferentiated mass. The formation of the world was due to a rotary motion produced in this mass by an all-pervading mind ( nous ). This led to the separating out of the âseedsâ and the formation of things. Although Anaxagoras was the first to give mind a place in the universe, he was criticized by both Plato and Aristotle for only conceiving of it as a mechanical cause rather than the originator of order.
Philosophy - Presocratics: Anaxagoras anaxagoras was a Greek philosopher of clazomenae in Asia Minor, born about 500BC Aristotle describes him to have been older than Empedocles, http://www.archaeonia.com/philosophy/presocratics/anaxagoras.htm
Extractions: ANAXAGORAS (500-428 B.C.) A naxagoras was a Greek philosopher of Clazomenae in Asia Minor , born about 500 B.C. Aristotle describes him to have been older than Empedocles , but to come 'after him in his works'. It is not clear whether this means that he wrote later than Empedocles or that he was inferior to him in his achievements. From a noble family, but wishing to devote himself entirely to science , he gave up his property to his relatives, and removed to Athens , where he lived in intimacy with Pericles . Shortly before the outbreak of the Peloponnesian War he was charged by the political opponents of Pericles with impiety, that is, with denying the gods recognized by the State. Though acquitted through his friend's influence, he felt compelled to emigrate to Lampsacus , where he died soon after, aged seventy-two. He not only had the honor of giving philosophy a home at Athens, where it flourished for a thousand years, but he was the first philosopher who introduced a spiritual principle which gives matter life and form. He laid down his doctrine in a prose work, "On Nature," written in the Ionic dialect, of which only fragments are preserved. Like Empedocles , he started from the Parmenidean account of ' what is '. Also like Empedocles, Anaxagoras postulated a plurality of independent elements which he called '
Anaxagoras anaxagoras was born in clazomenae in Asia Minor c. 500 BCE; c. 48079 BCE he cameto Athens, where he became the first Athenian philosopher of note. http://www.abu.nb.ca/Courses/GrPhil/Anaxagoras.htm
Extractions: 1. Introduction Anaxagoras attempts to explain how there can be becoming while maintaining Parmenides' position that what is, cannot come into being or perish. Like Empedocles, he adopts what one may call a type of Eleatic pluralism. Of all the pre-Socratic philosophers, he comes the closest to positing the existence of a spiritual or immaterial principle, which he calls Nous (Mind), as that which acts upon inert matter. 2. Biographical Information Anaxagoras was born in Clazomenae in Asia Minor c. 500 BCE; c. 480-79 BCE he came to Athens, where he became the first Athenian philosopher of note. Plato relates that Anaxagoras had a close association with Pericles, the famous Athenian statesman, orator and general: Phaedrus , 270a). According to Diogenes, when someone lamented the fact that Anaxagoras would die in a foreign land, he replied, "The descent to Hades is much the same from whatever place we start" ( Lives , 2. 11). While in Athens, Anaxagoras was indicted for holding that the sun was actually a mass of red-hot metal, and not a god, presumably, and for treasonable correspondence with Persia; he was condemned to death. Pericles, however, intervened on his behalf and the death sentence was commuted ( Lives Diogenes says that Anaxagoras wrote only one one philosophical work ( Lives 1. 16), which, unfortunately has not survived except in fragments as quoted by others, in particular, Simplicius. Later writers also summarize Anaxagoras' philosophical view, which is useful in interpreting the surviving fragments.
Matematicos Nació 499 AC en clazomenae (30 Km. al Oeste de Izmir) (Ahora Turquía) Bajo esta ley persiguieron a anaxagoras, quién fue acusado por enseñar que el http://www.mat.usach.cl/histmat/html/anax.html
Extractions: Anaxágoras de Clazomenae Nació : 499 AC en Clazomenae (30 Km. al Oeste de Izmir) (Ahora Turquía) Falleció : 428 AC en Lampsacus, Mysia (Ahora Turquía) Anaxágoras era de la provincia Jónica, fue el primero en introducir la filosofía a Atenas. Se trasladó a Atenas en el 480 AC. El año 450 AC fue encarcelado por decir que el sol no era un Dios y que la luna reflejaba la luz del sol. Russell en su libro escribe: Los ciudadanos de Atenas..........hubo una ley permitiendo acusar a aquellos quienes no practicaran la religión y que enseñaran teorías acerca de "Las cosas del espacio". Bajo esta ley persiguieron a Anaxagoras, quién fue acusado por enseñar que el sol era una piedra roja-caliente y la luna era la tierra.
Anaxagoras - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia At his native town of clazomenae in Asia Minor, he had, it appears, anaxagoras was arrested on a charge of contravening the established dogmas of http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaxagoras
Extractions: See How to Edit and Style and How-to for help, or this article's talk page Anaxagoras (c. 500 BC 428 BC ), a Greek philosopher , was born probably about the year 500 BC (Apollodorus ap. Diog. Laert. ii. 7.). At his native town of Clazomenae in Asia Minor , he had, it appears, some amount of property and prospects of political influence, both of which he surrendered, from a fear that they would hinder his search for knowledge. Nothing is known of his teachers; there is no evidence for the theory that he studied under Hermotimus of Clazomenae, the ancient miracle-worker. In early manhood (c. 464-462 BC) he went to
