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Cave Geology:     more books (100)

Cave Geology by Arthur N. Palmer, 2007-07-01 Archaeology Geology and Paleobiology of Stantons Cave, Grand Canyon National Park Arizona (Monograph / Grand Canyon Natural History Association) by Robert C. Euler, 1984-06 The geology of Jewel Cave by James B Thompson, 1978 Geology of the Mammoth Cave National Park area ([Kentucky culture series]) by Elizabeth Ann Livesay, 1962 Hasan's Cave: Geology, Folklore and Antiquities by A. Mifsud, Charles Savona-Venture, 2000-12-01 Reliquiae Diluvianae: Observation on the Organic Remains Contained in Caves Fissures and Diluvial Gravel (History of Geology) by William Buckland, 1978-06 Hidden Beneath the Mountains: The Caves of Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks by Joel Despain, 2003-06-02 Geology of caves by W. E Davies, 1991 Caves of Tennessee (Tennessee. Division of Geology. Bulletin) by Thomas Calhoun Barr, 1961 Geology of the Country Between Aberystwyth and Machynlleth (Memoir for 1:50 000 Geological Sheet 163 (England and Wales)) by R. Cave, 1986-01 Geology of the Malmesbury District (Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Great Britain) by R. Cave, 1977-01 Geology of the Country Around Montgomery and the Ordovician Rocks of the Shelve Area (British Geological Survey Memoirs) by R.P. Cave, B.A. Hains, et all 2001-01-01 Atlas of the Great Caves of the World by Paul Courbon, Claude Chabert, et all 1989-06-01 Limestones and Caves of North West England (The Limestones and caves of Britain)

lists with details

1. Category:Cave Geology - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
   Geology of caves, caverns, and formations found therein. Pages in category cave geology . There are 34 pages in this section of this category.  
   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Cave_geology

2. Onondaga Cave State Park - How Caves Are Formed - Missouri State Parks And Histo
   cave geology. How Caves are Formed. A cave is a naturally occurring underground void, large enough to be examined in some way by man. In other words, a cave  
   http://www.mostateparks.com/onondaga/cavesformed.htm
   
   Extractions: Additional Information... Accessibility Boat Launch Camping Cave Biology/Geology/History Cave Tours Directions Events Fishing General Information Interpretive Programs Park Hours Park Map Park Store Photo Gallery Picnic Area/Playgrounds School/Civic Group Field Trips Swimming Trails Vilander Bluff Natural Area Visitor Center How Caves are Formed Generalized Geologic Map of Missouri A layer of sedimentary rock is laid down on top of the igneous bedrock, usually as a result of an area being covered by prehistoric seas. The hard body parts of dead sea animals, along with precipitates from seawater and sediments from the land, fall to the sea floor and are changed to stone by extreme pressure and the resulting temperature. What sort of sediments collect vary with the depth and location. Calcium, magnesium and dissolved silicates are more common in deeper water, with silt, mud and sand more common toward the prehistoric shore. Quantities of sediment and ancient sea currents also determine the depth and shape of these deposits. Sedimentary rock is a continuum of types (because they are physical mixtures), with mudstones, shales, sandstones, limestones, dolomites and chert often grading into one another. Dolomite is a sedimentary rock. Geologists think it forms in two ways - either by direct precipitation from solution, or a replacement after limestone. After a limestone is formed, it is then subjected to magnesium rich waters at depth (perhaps by reimmersion in sea water) with the heat and pressure recrystallizing the rock, changing its chemical structure, changing it to dolomite. This recrystallization eliminates most fossils, except those already preserved by chert. Because most of the characteristics of the rock remain similar (hardness, color, etc.) it is not considered a metamorphic rock.

3. National Speleological Society: Cave Geology And Geography Section
   Welcome to the web page of the National Speleological Society s (NSS) Section of cave geology and Geography. The Section is the oldest in the NSS,  
   http://www.caves.org/section/geogeo/
   
   Extractions: Home Info Membership Convention ... GIS HOT TOPICS NEW: Index to Karst Geoscience Programs at US Universities GIS Special Interest Group Welcome to the web page of the National Speleological Society's (NSS) Section of Cave Geology and Geography. The Section is the oldest in the NSS, and since 1968 has generally functioned as a forum for the exchange of cave geoscience information and the interaction of karst geoscientists. It also serves as the NSS's link to the American Geological Institute . This is not to say that non-geoscientists or non-degreed persons are not welcome. In fact, it's just the opposite. Cave science is largely based on the explorations and observations of cavers (which describes most degreed Section members when you strip away the degrees) and other folks who often have a strong interest in the geosciences and make many and substantive contributions. This aspect of caving/cave science makes the Section a group that has the degrees and does the related "big science," yet is just as comfortable with low key science, interdisciplinary science, and cave science education. The Section is active in several ways, and is picking up steam. For example:

4. Cave Geology Cave Science NSS Bookstore
   cave geology is the definitive book on the subject by an internationally recognized authority. It can be easily understood by nonscientists but also covers  
   http://nssbookstore.org/index.php?mode=store&submode=showitem&itemnumber=01-0609

5. Cave Geology Photo Index
   cave geology Photo Index. Traditionally, the science of geology involves the study of the rocks of the earth s surface. The age of the rocks can be found by  
   http://www.bostongrotto.org/Grotto/bg-photo-geo.html
   
   Extractions: Cave Geology Photo Index Traditionally, the science of geology involves the study of the rocks of the earth's surface. The age of the rocks can be found by examining the fossils embedded within them. The composition can be studied by physical and chemical analysis, such as their hardness, brittleness, and whether they dissolve in acid or not. Caves can contribute to the study of surface rocks by providing access to the underground environment, often uncluttered by the physical limitations on the surface, such as plants, soil, and weathering. More interesting to cavers, however, is the study of the cave itself: the void in the rock through which we travel. Forget how old the rock is - when did the cave itself form? How long did it take? Why is it shaped the way it is? Where is the best place to dig to find more passageways? There are three major types of caves that are popular with explorers: solution caves, lava tubes, and boulder piles. Solution caves are formed in areas where the surface rock is especially vulnerable to attack by surface water made acid by the soil zone. Such areas are called "karst", and often have other distinguishing features besides caves, such as sinkholes, springs, and exposed rock near the surface. Minerals that often form karst surfaces are limestone, gypsum, and salt. Scientists estimate that perhaps up to 1/5 of the Earth's land surface is made up of such karst areas. The second category, lava tubes, are formed when a specific type of volcano, called a "shield volcano", has been recently active. These tubes are generally shallow - only a few 10s of feet below the surface, and run down the slope of the volcano. They occur frequently in the areas of active volcanism, such as the Northwestern USA and the big island of Hawaii.

6. Woodward Cave And Campground Cave Geology
   THE ORIGIN AND GEOLOGY OF CAVES. Woodward Cave is a solutional cave, formed by the removal of bedrock by circulating groundwater and by underground streams.  
   http://www.woodwardcave.com/232308.ihtml
   
   Extractions: var sm_menuids = []; sm_menuids.push('simplemenu'); @import url("css/hacks.css"); @import url("css/event.css"); @import url("css/master.css"); @import url("css/vertical-nav.css"); Apr 12 Campground Re-Opens for 2008 Apr 12 10:00 am Cave Re-Opens for 2008 More... THE ORIGIN AND GEOLOGY OF CAVES Woodward Cave is a solutional cave, formed by the removal of bedrock by circulating groundwater and by underground streams. The water transports the bulk of the material out of the cave in solution (i.e., - dissolved). Most solution caves are in limestone. Karst Topography Areas with abundant limestone caverns have karst topography. The term karst describes a landscape of characteristic landforms and subsurface features produced primarily as a result of solution of the underlying bedrock. The solution process is accompanied by other processes, particularly slumping of soil and bedrock materials, transport of insoluble debris through subterranean routes, and some mechanical wasting of slopes. The most characteristic landform is the sinkhole or doline.

7. The Philadelphia Grotto - Solution Cave Geology
   U.S. Department of the Interior / U.S. Geological Survey publication Geology of Caves ISBN 016-036026-9 Written by W. E. Davies and I. M. Morgan  
   http://www.phillygrotto.org/content/view/37/51/
   
   Extractions: The Geology of Solution Caves The melt-water streams draining out along the floor of a glacier cave or the surging, pounding waves at the mouth of a sea cave offer immediate evidence of the origin of these caves. Solution caves, however, have always been a source of wonder to man. How do these extensive, complex, and in some places beautifully decorated passageways develop? Solution caves are formed in limestone and similar rocks by the action of water; they can be thought of as part of a huge subterranean plumbing system. After a rain, water seeps into the cracks and pores of the soil and rocks and percolates deep into the ground. Eventually some of the water reaches a zone where all the cracks and pores in the rock are already filled with water. The term water table refers to the upper surface of this saturation zone.

8. Sinnett/Thorn Cave Geology
   SinnettThorn Mountain Cave System has passages in the limestones of the lower Helderberg Group and is on the eastern limb of a south-southwest plunging  
   http://members.aol.com/caversteve/st_geol.htm
   
   Extractions: Sinnett-Thorn Mountain Cave System has passages in the limestones of the lower Helderberg Group and is on the eastern limb of a south-southwest plunging anticline. A petrographic examination of the limestone members exposed was undertaken; generally all are sparry allochemical carbonates with a ferroan calcite pore-filling cement that dissolves preferentially over adjacent calcite fossils. The major cave former, the New Creek biosparudite, has the least insoluble material and the coarsest pore-filling ferroan spar. In contrast to the active role in groundwater movement played by the solutional passages and fracture permeability mentioned above, there are passively formed "wells" connecting different levels of the cave. These wells follow steeply dipping fracture zones that are interpreted as compressive shear fractures related to local folding stresses. The wells have, at least initially, not channelized groundwater flow. Only one other major passively formed solution void has been found. It is in the "Big Room", where the New Creek limestone has been stratigraphically repeated by reverse faulting, and was developed subsequent to the major passage.

9. Five Springs Cave Geology
   These will be disposed of in accordance with the cave owner s wishes. These samples were examined by David Hubbard of the State of Virginia Dept. of Geology  
   http://www.psc-cavers.org/articles/FiveSpringsDykeGeology.html

10. Horne Lake Caves, Geology And Earth Science, School And Group Educational Field
    Our cave geology Interpretive Program is designed specifically to support school curriculum. Students explore the geologic history of underground caverns,  
    http://www.hornelake.com/schools_and_groups/cave_geology.htm
    
    Extractions: PROGRAM CHOICES OR COMBINATIONS: MORE INFO: Come and experience one of Vancouver Island's most outstanding natural wonders. Our Cave Geology Interpretive Program is designed specifically to support school curriculum. Students explore the geologic history of underground caverns, learn about crystal formations and see ancient fossils. This unique program combines an excellent learning environment with fun-filled adventure. What they learn in a cave . . .they won't soon forget!.

11. Cave Of The Mounds®: Geology Of The Cave
    Geology of the Cave. South Cave The story of the geologic formation of the Cave of the Mounds begins with the creation of the rock in which the Cave is  
    http://caveofthemounds.com/geology.htm
    
    Extractions: Gift shop Pa Birthday Party Packages Press Receive information During this Ordovician Period, warm shallow seas covered the continent where we find Wisconsin today. Abundant shell life could thrive in these seas. Layers and layers of calcium carbonate shell debris accumulated and slowly hardened into limestone. Thousands of feet of limestone and other sedimentary rocks were laid down during this Ordovician Period. Millions of years ago, the seas receded leaving these layers of rock behind. Erosion began to wear them down. Today the exposed rock in Blue Mounds is a limestone called Galena dolomite, which is a specific kind of limestone containing some magnesium.

12. Cave Utah Geology
    UTAH cave geology. Many of Utah s caves began their lives over 300 million years ago as coral reefs at the bottom of a warm shallow ocean.  
    http://www.caveutah.com/Geology.htm
    
    Extractions: UTAH CAVE GEOLOGY Many of Utah's caves began their lives over 300 million years ago as coral reefs at the bottom of a warm shallow ocean. As the planet buckled under the pressure of plate tectonics, the coral that had piled up on the bottom of the ocean over many millions of years, was compressed and uplifted into the limestone mountains and valleys scattered throughout the state of Utah. Today there is evidence of this reef in the limestone mountains. Small Crinoids, Horn Coral, Bryozoans, and other corals can be found protruding from limestone bands. As the limestone was pushed up and formed mountains, the rock cracked allowing water to seep into it, which led to the formation of Utah's spectacular caves. As rain water passes through the atmosphere it picks up small amounts of carbon dioxide turning the water into a weak carbonic acid. When this water passes through vegetation on the surface it absorbs even greater amounts of carbon dioxide and increases the acidity of the water. This is a weak acid to humans but over thousands of years it dissolves the limestone creating voids in the rock below. As long as water and carbon dioxide fill these chambers the rock continues to dissolve. However, the process begins to change once oxygen enters these passages. The oxygen allows the carbon dioxide to escape from the water as it enters the cave. With less carbon dioxide the droplet can no longer retain the minerals (calcium carbonate) it dissolved on it's way through the rock. These minerals are deposited on the walls, floors, and ceilings of the cave creating the beautiful formations typical of many caves. See Illustration.

13. Crescent Cave Geology
    Local geology. This section is based upon the survey of Crescent Cave, the British Geological Survey map of the area, Coal Board borehole data and W.  
    http://www.cavinguk.co.uk/info/CrescentGeology.htm
    
    Extractions: This text has been reviewed by Andrew Farrant. The first 12 m depth of Crescent cave are in millstone grit and the remaining 69 m are in limestone. Therefore the cave has probably reached its limit of depth in the local area, although this seems certain to change should a major horizontal system be encountered. See paragraph on possibility of passing the shale band below. The altitude of the resurgence of Crescent cave is 355 m (Ffynnon Sion Sheffrey - dye trace 48 hrs). This is about 185 m below the entrance to Crescent Cave giving a maximum depth for the cave of 185 m plus whatever may be below the water table. From the appearance of the end of the streamway in Crescent Cave, it seems that any extension will remain small until the major system is encountered. Any major system encountered is likely to be gently dipping and will probably be running at the bottom of the Dowlais Limestone. Inlets are likely to be of a similar nature to Crescent Cave, being steeply dipping and due to extensive faulting, very much linear. It is also possible that many fossil passages exist from older, perhaps glacial, systems. All of this section is based on speculation from the locations of passages and sinks with respect to each other, and not from dye tracing (except the trace to the rising).

14. KarstBase Record
    cave geology is the definitive book on the subject by an internationally recognized authority. 15 Application of cave geology to other geosciences  
    http://network.speleogenesis.info/directory/bibliography/karstbase/item_view.php

15. [Nhee-l] Fw: EFieldTrips News - Premiere Of New EFieldTrip On Cave Geology
    Nheel Fw eFieldTrips News - Premiere of New eFieldTrip on cave geology. Susan M Cox smcox at fs.fed.us Wed Dec 6 160950 EST 2006  
    http://maillist2.nh.gov/pipermail/nhee-l/2006-December/000064.html
    
    Extractions: Wed Dec 6 16:09:50 EST 2006 Previous message: [Nhee-l] Re: new course on Ecosystem Science Next message: [Nhee-l] Ecosystem Science Course Messages sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ subject ] [ author ] ... smcox at fs.fed.us cc 12/06/2006 07:42 AM Subject eFieldTrips News - Premiere of New eFieldTrip on Cave Geology Please respond to info at efieldtrips. info at efieldtrips.org ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ (Embedded image moved to file: pic13311.gif) This email was sent to smcox at fs.fed.us

16. The Environmental Literacy Council - Caves
    The U.S. Geological Survey provides a general cave geology page with brief descriptions of caves, how they form, and their features.  
    http://www.enviroliteracy.org/article.php/510.html
    
    Extractions: Home About ELC Site Map Contact Us ... Food Some of the most interesting landscapes in the world are hidden beneath our feet. One fifth of the landscape in the U.S. are karst ecosystems, which include caves, sinkholes, and underground streams formed by the slow dissolving of bedrock. Karst areas occur in twenty states, although smaller karst regions appear throughout the U.S. Caves and karst regions are found throughout the world. Karsts are formed when acidic groundwater moves through fractures and small openings in the rock to create larger passages. All rainwater is slightly acidic, because moisture in the air reacts with carbon dioxide to form carbonic acid. Most karst regions form at or just below the water table. Caves have been used as a source of water, for storage, and for mining. In the U.S. 250 caves were mined during the Revolutionary War, the War of 1812, and the Civil War for saltpeter, which was used to make gunpowder. Bat guano from caves was used as fertilizer until the early 20th century. Caves are mined for their limestone, marble, and dolomite.There are caves over the world, though some are more accessible than others. Check out this page to find out about caves you can visit.

17. Blanchard Springs Caverns - Ozark-St. Francis National Forests
    cave geology. Millions more years passed, and the widening river eroded to a new level, deeper and deeper into the limestone. The surface of the land began  
    http://www.fs.fed.us/oonf/ozark/recreation/geology.html
    
    Extractions: Millions more years passed, and the widening river eroded to a new level, deeper and deeper into the limestone. The surface of the land began to show signs of sinkholes, where rain water drained directly into the limestone below. The cavities formed beneath the surface in the saturated limestone joined into one continuous channel as the underground river moved sideways between the layers of rock. The water continued to seep and move through the rock, dissolving and enlarging the soon-to-be caverns. Still thousands, maybe even millions, of years later, the eroding river dropped to a new, lower level. The water drained from the underground river, leaving the cave high and dry. While another system of caves was forming at a new water level below, dripping water entering the dry rooms and passages started depositing calcium carbonate and other minerals in the form of stalactites, stalagmites, and numerous other dripstone features. The speleothems grow as long as groundwater enters the cave.

18. JSTOR Thorne Cave, Northeastern Utah Geology
    THORNE cave geology quence that rises through the interval occupied by the cave deposits but erosion has obliter- ated any chance of connecting the  
    http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0002-7316(196407)30:1<60:TCNUG>2.0.CO;2-T

19. Cave Geology
    It is just as impossible in a few words to describe the cave geology of Missouri, since, by definition, a cave is that part of the geology which isn t  
    http://members.socket.net/~joschaper/wgeology.html

20. A Snaggy DiMe -- Cave Geology
    cave geology is the definitive book on the subject by an internationally recognized authority. It can be easily understood by nonscientists,  
    http://www.asnaggydime.com/php/item_show.php?CB,74866

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