Extractions: By By Charles Q. Choi A bit of human nature can apparently rub off on chimpanzees. Chimps nurtured by humans since birth have a far better chance of figuring out how to use new tools, a new study shows. The findings highlight untapped potential within chimpanzees that can get uncovered "by studying them when they have been raised under very comparable conditions as our own children," said Ohio State University cognitive primatologist Sally Boysen. The research suggests that early human ancestors may have been far more sophisticated in their mental capacities than previously thought, she added. "The emergence of higher order thinking, as well as motor skills that would permit complex tool use and construction and other cultural features of human social interaction, may have been part of our human ancestry much earlier than otherwise predicted by the fossil record of artifacts and human remains," Boysen told LiveScience.
MavicaNET - Enculturated Apes Multilingual search directory of Internet resources. Supports major European languages. Extensive human edited and easy to use catalog of annotated Web http://www.mavica.ru/lite/tur/3564.html
Extractions: Stats: links: , categories: , languages supported: MavicaNet - Classic Home About us Help ... Editor's login Belarusian Bulgarian Croatian Czech Danish Dutch English Estonian Finnish French German Greek Hungarian Icelandic Irish Italian Latvian Lithuanian Norwegian Polish Portuguese Romanian Russian Serbian (cyr.) Serbian (lat.) Slovak Spanish Swedish Turkish Ukrainian Advanced search Katalog Doða Yaþam Hayvanlar (Animalia) ... Animal Behavior / Enculturated Apes Katalog Doða Yaþam Hayvanlar (Animalia) ... Primates (Primates) / Enculturated Apes See also sort by Title Quality Rating Language ... Language Research Center
Extractions: New York: St. Martin's Griffin, 1993, pp. 42-57 Acrobat version I still maintain, that his [the orang-utan] being possessed of the capacity of acquiring it [language], by having both the human intelligence and the organs of pronunciation, joined to the dispositions and affections of his mind, mild, gentle, and humane, is sufficient to denominate him a man. Lord J. B. Monboddo, Of the Origin and Progress of Language, If we base personhood on linguistic and mental ability, we should now ask, 'Are orang-utans or other creatures persons?' The issues this question raises are complex, but certainly arrogance and ignorance have played a role in our reluctance to recognise the intellectual capacity of our closest biological relatives - the nonhuman great apes. Ignorance is almost always the basis for defining difference as 'other'. Since the West had no representatives of our closest relatives, the apes, we were ignorant of our primate heritage and the species that link us more closely with nature.
As Amity May Think Regarding my topic, extended social cognition, enculturated apes also show the effects of (enculturated apes are those which have been raised in human http://amitylane.blogspot.com/
Extractions: All evening, the scotch was flowing freely, and freely flowing right into my belly. Scotch - when taken properly: neat with a splash of water - is a tricksy spirit because it allows your physical self to function, yet your weakened mind is controlled by any whim of that dickensy whisky. As such, scotch becomes a very manipulative spirit, fooling you into functional dementia. Oh yes, scotch often gets me into trouble, concocting harebrained plans that my body is functional enough to carry out.
Access : : Nature Finally, it has been argued that evidence for imitation in apes comes largely from individuals that are enculturated by close interactions with humans, http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v437/n7059/full/nature04047.html
Extractions: Login Search This journal All of Nature.com Advanced search To read this story in full you will need to login or make a payment (see right). Journal home Archive Letter Full Text Nature doi ; Received 9 June 2005; Accepted 21 July 2005; Published online 21 August 2005 Andrew Whiten , Victoria Horner Centre for Social Learning and Cognitive Evolution, School of Psychology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9JP, UK Living Links, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA Correspondence to: Andrew Whiten Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to A.W. (Email: a.whiten@st-and.ac.uk
SEDSU At Lund University Is referential understanding of pictures in nonenculturated great apes possible? abstract Tolerance and cooperation in great ape mother-infant dyads http://project.sol.lu.se/sedsu/cisred06.html
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Vonk_Jennifer What Humanenculturated apes Know about Seeing Preliminary Results. Paper presented at the 11 th Annual International Conference on Comparative Cognition, http://www.usm.edu/psy/faculty_cvs/vonk_j.htm
The Communication Continuum He reduces their natural communication to hoots and shrieks (p.342), and dismisses the accomplishments of the enculturated apes used in research programs http://www.univie.ac.at/Wissenschaftstheorie/srb/srb/comm.html
Extractions: Go to SRB Archives This review appeared in Volume 7 (3) of the Semiotic Review of Books. The Evolution of Communication. By Marc D. Hauser. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1996, xiii, 760 pp. ISBN 0-262-08250-0 The evolution of language is a hot topic. New books on the subject garner attention in the popular media, and their authors are sought for appearance on televised documentaries. Currently, the dominant view is that language evolved wholly within the hominid (human ancestral) lineage, whether beginning early in that lineage at millions of years ago (Pinker 1994) or only more recently with our own species (Bickerton 1995, Noble and Davidson 1996). Human language is thus sharply different from all types of animal communication. The contrasting, minority position (Savage-Rumbaugh et al. 1993, King 1994, Armstrong et al 1995) allows deeper roots for language and precursors to features of human language in animal communication systems. Variations on these two views have been repeated for centuries. Theorists in the first group seize any new scrap of information about the unique properties of human language to bolster their discontinuity view, whereas theorists in the second group search for data from the animal world to bolster their continuity view. The whole enterprise thus begins to resemble an endless ping-pong match with back-and-forth debate but little productive dialogue.
Annual Reviews - Error enculturated apes. It may be objected that there are a number of convincing observations of chimpanzee imitation in the literature, and indeed there are a http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.anthro.28.1.509
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Boesch & Tomasello: Chimpanzee And Human Cultures The major result was that the motherreared apes hardly ever engaged in while the enculturated apes and the children imitatively learned the novel http://cogweb.ucla.edu/Abstracts/Boesch_Tomasello_98.html
Extractions: Current Anthropology 39.5 (Dec, 1998): 591- Abstract: The differences in cultural evolution between humans and chimpanzees can be primarily attributed to two factors. Humans possess a more complex language, allowing cultural dissemination to take place over greater lengths of time and spatiality. Human culture also incorporates the ratchet effect, permitting cumulative modifications to occur that create increasingly elaborate cultural practices. Full text Peer commentary Authors' reply Other works by Boesch ... Return to CogWeb's Evolutionary Psychology page Christophe Boesch and Michael Tomasello Our central theoretical point in this paper is that culture is not monolithic. We begin with an evolutionary perspective on patterns of cultural behavior in different chimpanzee communities in the wild, detailing some of the population-specific behaviors known in this species. We proceed to show that in general within one population there are many possible social conditions and lines of dissemination through which individuals may be exposed to particular behavioral practices within communities. We then show that there are many different types of social learning processes by means of which individuals may acquire these behavioral practices, and these different learning processes lead to cultural traditions with different properties over time. In this context we introduce some recent research on the social learning of captive chimpanzees. We conclude with an explicit comparison of chimpanzee and human cultures.
The Emergence Of A New Paradigm In Ape Language Research Discussions have thus primarily centered on the question of whether enculturated apes communicative behaviors can be compared with early norms in child http://cogprints.org/906/0/New_Paradigm.htm
Extractions: The Emergence of a New Paradigm in Ape Language Research Stuart Shanker and Barbara King §1. The Spreading Appeal of the Dance Metaphor In recent years the same metaphor has cropped up time and again in very different areas of communication studies. In Ape Language Research (ALR), Sue Savage-Rumbaugh observes how the origins of language comprehension lie in interindividual routines which are T signal and response sending and receiving , or encoding and decoding . But the dance metaphor leads one to conceptualize communicative encounters in terms such as engagement and disengagement synchrony and discord , or breakdown and repair . Whereas the transmission metaphor places the emphasis on the goal of communication, which is to transmit pre-determined messages, the dance metaphor focuses on the co-regulated activity of communicating and the emergence of communicative intentions within that context. The chief appeal of the dance metaphor is that it draws attention to how communicating partners continuously establish and sustain a feeling of shared rhythm and movement. Such a process of mutual attunement is established through a number of different modalities. Communicating partners not only mirror each others specific behaviors but may also attune to one another cross-modally. For example, an infant suddenly jerks her arms and her mother responds with a sharp Oh! that has the same temporal and intensity contour as the infants arm movement (Fogel: in press 7), or the tone of voice prompts the other to move closer or farther away.
Extractions: This Article Abstract FREE Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited ... Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Alert me to new issues of the journal Add to My Personal Archive ... Request Permissions Google Scholar Articles by Savage-Rumbaugh, S. Articles by Taglialatela, J. Search for Related Content Sue Savage-Rumbaugh William Mintz Fields and Jared Taglialatela
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Planet Of The Retired Apes - New York Times Planet of the Retired apes with human beings, they are, as primatologists say, highly enculturated, or habituated to life on human terms. http://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/24/magazine/24CHIMPS.html?pagewanted=3
Language In Child And Chimp? Ask yourself how different is an enculturated ape s use of human language from that of an exceptional dog like Fellow or parrot like Alex? http://pubpages.unh.edu/~jel/apelang.html
Extractions: General information and commentary on the issues ( revised 4-04) BUT before you move on to apes, ask yourself: What is human language? What are its functions ? What are the descriptive facts of human language acquisition by humans. Equipped with even cursory answers to these basic questions, you can proceed to the question of non-human use of human-based language codes. Ask yourself how different is an enculturated ape's use of human language from that of an exceptional dog like Fellow or parrot like Alex? (And speaking of exceptional, what is the variability in apes performance? One of the remarkable facts of human language acquisition, is that it is very uniform across a wide range of children and experiences. This may reflect the much less genetic variability of humans in contrast to other large primates.) Finally what we can begin to speculate on what kind of genetic changes might have occurred to evolve language in concert with evolving culture. (See recent reports in News and the old Limber, 1982
JSTOR Imitative Learning Of Actions On Objects By Children Subjects were thus 3 enculturated and 3 motherreared chimpanzees, . it has never been studied in any species of ape, enculturated or mother-reared. http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0009-3920(199312)64:6<1688:ILOAOO>2.0.CO;2-1
ApeNet - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia ApeNet is a consortium of foundations and individuals who support interconnecting great apes with each other, as well as with humans, through enculturation http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ApeNet
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Extractions: var tcdacmd="dt"; For Researchers For Librarians CM8ShowAd("HorizontalBanner"); Author: Bering, Jesse Source: Animal Cognition , Volume 7, Number 4, October 2004 , pp. 201-212(12) Publisher: Springer Key: - Free Content - New Content - Subscribed Content - Free Trial Content CM8ShowAd("Skyscraper"); Abstract: Numerous investigators have argued that early ontogenetic immersion in sociocultural environments facilitates cognitive developmental change in human-reared great apes more characteristic of Homo sapiens Keywords: Enculturation Social cognition Evolution Developmental systems ... Chimpanzees Document Type: Research article DOI: Affiliations: Department of Psychology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA, Email: jbering@uark.edu
