Extractions: CogSci Summaries home UP email This paper describes what apes can do with language and talks about what that might tell us about our evolutionary ancestors' abilities. p253: Studies of ape language use sheds light on early hominid language use. It suggests that they had: ÝA flexible, basic semantic communications system with moderate levels of reference low levels of perspective-taking, imitation and sequential organization and protosyntax Grammar may have come later in the evolutionary process.
Extractions: Two major theoretical approaches have dominated the quest for uniquely human cognitive abilities: a developmentalist approach stressing the importance of environmental and social conditions, and a predominant approach in experimental and comparative psychology, the deterministic approach suggesting the effect of environmental and social conditions to be minimal. As a consequence, most claims of human cognitive uniqueness are based on comparisons of White middle class Westerner humans ( Homo sapiens ) with captive chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes
[monkeywire] Scientists Debate Whether Apes Play Make-believe enculturated apes like Koko and Viki seem to pretend more frequently than do apes in the wild. While Koko s handlers see behaviors they interpret as http://lists.ibiblio.org/pipermail/monkeywire/2002-August/000240.html
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Enculturated Apes - MavicaNET This section aims to understand the higher cognitive functions in the great apes, especially in the chimpanzee. Recent research topics of this laboratory http://mavicanet.com/directory/eng/3564.html
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American Scientist Online - Ape Abilities Later research by Alan and Beatrix Gardner, Francine G. Penny Patterson and others on the use of American Sign Language in enculturated apes produced http://www.americanscientist.org/template/AssetDetail/assetid/31355
Extractions: Home Current Issue Archives Bookshelf ... Subscribe In This Section Reviewed in This Issue Book Reviews by Issue New Books Received Publishers' Directory ... Virtual Bookshelf Archive Site Search Advanced Search Visitor Login Username Password Help with login Forgot your password? Change your username see list of all reviews from this issue: March-April 2004 BEHAVIOR Nathan J. Emery Intelligence of Apes and Other Rational Beings . Duane M. Rumbaugh and David A. Washburn. xvii + 326 pp. Yale University Press, 2003. $35. Intelligence of Apes and Other Rational Beings, by Duane M. Rumbaugh and David A. Washburn. click for full image and caption Two married couples who were, roughly, contemporaries of Yerkes and Köhler—Keith and Kathy Hayes, and Winthrop and Luella Kellogg—attempted to understand whether chimpanzees could learn to produce and use human language. These studies were doomed to failure because of their focus on testing whether chimpanzees' understanding and use of language was vocally based. Later research by Alan and Beatrix Gardner, Francine G. "Penny" Patterson and others on the use of American Sign Language in enculturated apes produced interesting results but did not get at the important aspects of human language: grammar, syntax and creativity. To do that, a new way of thinking about and testing apes' appreciation of language was needed.
Science News For Kids: Feature: An Inspiring Home For Apes Ape communication. Miles uses the term enculturation to describe Chantek s integration into human society. She says he s the only enculturated orangutan http://www.sciencenewsforkids.org/articles/20040714/Feature1.asp
Extractions: Emily Sohn E-mail this article Print this article July 14, 2004 It would be hard to live in a cage. You'd have to stare at the same old scenery every day. You couldn't walk to the store, go to the movies, or decide what to eat. After a while, you could end up losing your enthusiasm for life. Chimpanzees, orangutans, and other primates might feel the same way, says Lyn Miles. She's an anthropologist at the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga. "Apes are bored to death in most facilities," she says. "They pace. They develop nervous habits. They get depressed." Miles is a member of a vocal group of scientists and activists who say that captive apes deserve a richer life than they get in most zoos and primate centers. As president of a foundation called Animal Nation (formerly ApeNet), Miles is working with celebrities and others to create special preserves for primates. She described her project at a recent meeting of the American Primatological Society in Madison, Wis. A portrait of the orangutan known as Chantek, now a resident of Zoo Atlanta.
Semiotic Development In Ontogeny And Phylogeny enculturated apes such as Chantek and Koko are capable of it with respect to gesture (e.g. declarative pointing) and intersubjectivity (e.g. joint http://www.arthist.lu.se/kultsem/pro/symposion05.html
Extractions: in Ontogeny and Phylogeny An International Workshop organized by the projects Language, Gestures and Pictures in the Perspective of Semiotic Development â SGB (Faculty for Humanities and Theology, Lund University) and (Lund University, in partnership with the European Commission) May 12-13 2005 Lund University, Sweden Masako Myowa-Yamakoshi (The University of Shiga Prefecture) and Tetsuro Matsuzawa (Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University) Tomas Persson (Lund University Cognitive Science) Coffee Break Jordan Zlatev (Department of Linguistics, Lund University) and Peter G¤rdenfors (Lund University Cognitive Science) Brian MacWhinney (Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University) The gradual emergence of language: Is recursion special?
Primate Info Net: Current Topics In Primatology (Abstract) Bering JM; Bjorklund DF; Ragan P Deferred imitation of objectrelated actions in young, enculturated great apes. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY http://pin.primate.wisc.edu/news/currtopics/cognition1.html
UTC Sociology Anthropology And Geography | Lyn Miles Dr. Miles is a primatologist with research interests in great ape to support enculturated apes and foster great ape communication and conservation. http://www.utc.edu/Academic/SociologyAnthropologyAndGeography/staff/lyn-miles.ph
Extractions: She is Research Director and President of the Chantek Foundation, and President of Ape-Net, a consortium of foundations and celebrities founded by British musician Peter Gabriel to support enculturated apes and foster great ape communication and conservation. She teaches courses in primate behavior, ape language, linguistic anthropology, and physical anthropology, and has won a Student Government Association Outstanding Professor Award and a College of Arts and Sciences Research Prize. She is a world percussionist with several Atlanta-based African drumming groups, and has her own band, Animal Nation, which features music co-composed and performed by Chantek.
THEORY OF MIND IN NONHUMAN PRIMATES This thesis is not a focus of the present discussion because, while Tomasello et al. claim that the behavior of enculturated apes is intentional , http://www.bbsonline.org/Preprints/OldArchive/bbs.heyes.html
Extractions: c.heyes@ucl.ac.uk apes; associative learning; concepts; convergence; deception; evolution of intelligence; folk psychology; imitation; mental state attribution; monkeys; parsimony; perspective-taking; primates; role-taking; self-recognition; social cognition; social intelligence; theory of mind. Premack & Woodruff (1978) asked "Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind?". Since it was posed, nearly 20 years ago, Premack & Woodruff's question has dominated the study of both social behavior in nonhuman primates (henceforward simply "primates") and cognitive development in children, but progress in the two fields has been markedly different. Developmentalists have established empirical methods to investigate children's understanding of mentality, and, forging links with philosophy of mind and philosophy of science, they have mustered the conceptual resources for disciplined dispute about the origins (innate module, convention or testing), on-line control (simulation or inference), and epistemic status (stance, theory or direct knowledge) of human folk psychology (e.g. Goldman 1993; Gopnik 1993; Gopnik & Wellman 1994). In contrast, those working with primates have continued to struggle with the basic question of whether
Omniseek Art /Arts Humanities /Humanities /Anthropology directory only in Anthropology / enculturated _ apes Top Social Sciences Anthropology Try a search for enculturated apes on HotBot Web Search http://artsandhumanities.omniseek.com/srch/{11608}
Nurtured Chimps Rake It In The enculturated chimpanzees successfully selected the functional rake, 7, 2007) apes bite and try to break a tube to retrieve the food inside while http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/06/070613120858.htm
Extractions: Share Blog Cite Print Email Bookmark ScienceDaily (Jun. 18, 2007) See also: The researchers gave the animals access to small rakes with either a rigid wooden head or a flimsy fabric head. Both enculturated and semi-enculturated chimpanzees correctly chose the rigid rake which enabled them to obtain the reward, indicating that both of these groups understood the physical properties of the two different rakes. The enculturated chimpanzees successfully selected the functional rake, while the sanctuary chimpanzees chose randomly between the two hybrid tools. The captive laboratory chimpanzees failed both tests, as demonstrated in previously published work(2). 1. Furlong EE, Boose KJ, Boysen ST (2007). Raking it in: the impact of enculturation on chimpanzee tool use. Animal Cognition DOI 10.1007/s10071-007-0091-6 Adapted from materials provided by Springer Need to cite this story in your essay, paper, or report? Use one of the following formats: APA
University Of Chicago Press - Cookie Absent The Ape and the Sushi Master Cultural Reflections of a Primatologist. . criteria for what counts as language precisely as enculturated apes were shown http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/resolve?CA013802PS
Field Notes From An Evolutionary Psychologist: Are Tots Smarter Than Apes? On the other hand, sometimes researchers test apes who have not grown up in an enriched, human enculturated world. Of course apes can t solve the problems http://newfoundlandnews.blogspot.com/2007/09/are-tots-smarter-than-apes.html
Extractions: NO say some researchers who have tested toddlers and nonhuman apes in the same cognitive tests - such as indicating which container has more raisins in it or retrieving food hidden inside a box. Other researchers say YES, human two year olds are more able to infer the action of another and to use imitation to solve problems. On one hand is the issue of the nonhuman participants. How old are they? Apes show progressive cognitive development like humans (and for that matter other animals) do, and the apes mature a bit slower. Often the researchers compare the performance of adult great apes to human toddlers. When researchers don't find evidence that tots and apes can solve the same problems, sometimes it is because the two species are not at the same developmental stage.
Scientific American: Why Are Some Animals So Smart? Many times during the past century people reared great ape infants as they would human children. These socalled enculturated apes acquired a surprising set http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?id=000C1E5D-B9BA-1422-B9BA83414B7F0103&print=tr
