Geometry.Net - Physics: Electromagnetism

Magnetic Fields - History Of Magnets And Electromagnetism
History of the discovery of electromagnetism by Oersted and Ampere.
http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blelectric3.htm

Extractions: Until 1820, the only magnetism known was that of iron magnets and of "lodestones", natural magnets of iron-rich ore. It was believed that the inside of the Earth was magnetized in the same fashion, and scientists were greatly puzzled when they found that the direction of the compass needle at any place slowly shifted, decade by decade, suggesting a slow variation of the Earth's magnetic field. How can an iron magnet produce such changes? Edmond Halley (of comet fame) ingeniously proposed that the Earth contained a number of spherical shells, one inside the other, each magnetized differently, each slowly rotating in relation to the others. Hans Christian Oersted was a professor of science at Copenhagen University. In 1820 he arranged in his home a science demonstration to friends and students. He planned to demonstrate the heating of a wire by an electric current, and also to carry out demonstrations of magnetism, for which he provided a compass needle mounted on a wooden stand.
Electromagnetism
Lecture notes on the fundamental aspects of electromagnetism at undergraduate level, a PDF file containing 93 pages.
http://www.maths.qmul.ac.uk/~hve/MAS207/mas207.pdf
Oersted
Essay by Frederick Gregory.
http://www.clas.ufl.edu/users/fgregory/oersted.htm

Extractions: University of Florida Contemporary historians of science do not all agree that the discovery of electromagnetism by Hans Christian Oersted in 1820 was directly tied to Friedrich Schelling's system of romantic nature philosophy, nor is it clear how one could establish this assertion beyond doubt. What is clear is that Oersted was attracted to certain fundamental tenets of German idealistic thought and, as we shall see, a direct personal link between Schelling and Oersted can be demonstrated. In fact, it was reported later in the nineteenth century that a few years before his death Oersted himself credited Schelling with the stimulus necessary to the discovery of electromagnetism. The reader may not have anticipated that thoughts as abstruse and apparently "unscientific" as Schelling's could constitute an intellectual environment that might contribute to the uncovering of so fundamental a scientific discovery as electromagnetism. Hans Christian Oersted Hans Christian Oersted was born in the south central part of Denmark in 1777. He and his younger brother Anders entered the University of Copenhagen in 1793, Hans concentrating on medicine, physics, and astronomy while Anders took up law. The brothers did not confine their attention to these fields, for, as was common in a university education in those days, they dabbled in a wide variety of disciplinary studies. In 1797 Hans earned first prize for an essay on "Limits of Poetry and Prose." In the same year the elder Oersted brother completed a degree in pharmacy with high honors, and two years later he was awarded the degree Doctor of Philosophy with a dissertation entitled "On the Form of an Elementary Metaphysics of External Nature."
Introduction To Electromagnetism
Introduction to electromagnetism. electromagnetism. As suggested in theprevious Chapter, Electricity and Magnetism (or ${\cal E}$ ${\cal M}$
http://musr.physics.ubc.ca/~jess/hr/skept/E_M/

Extractions: Electromagnetism As suggested in the previous Chapter, Electricity and Magnetism (or , as they are known in the trade) are ``weird'' phenomena because the palpable forces they generate on objects seem to come from nowhere - nothing is ``touching'' the objects and yet they are moved. The related fact that we are unable to wilfully exert significant electrical or magnetic forces directly on objects around us using any combination of muscles or mechanical devices removes still further from our personal sensory experience and thus makes them seem ``weirder.'' Even the most seasoned veteran still experiences a sense of primitive wonder when a magnet on top of the table moves ``by magic'' under the influence of another magnet underneath the table. On the one hand, this makes a fun subject to study. On the other hand, it makes hard to teach, because it will never make ``common sense'' like nuts-and-bolts Mechanics. C'est la vie.
Electromagnetism Investigation
d is not a code referenceelectromagnetism Investigation electromagnetism Investigation.From www.courseworkbank.co.uk. Error Variable
http://www.courseworkbank.co.uk/coursework/electromagnetism_investigation_105/

Extractions: CourseworkBank.Co.Uk - The UK's Largest Free Coursework and Essay Database CourseworkBank GCSE Chemistry Coursework : Electromagnetism Investigation Jump to Coursework Select a Category A Level A Level/Art A Level/Biology A Level/Chemistry A Level/Classics A Level/Economics A Level/French A Level/Geography A Level/German A Level/History A Level/Law A Level/Maths A Level/Media Studies A Level/Miscellaneous A Level/Philosophy A Level/Physics A Level/Politics A Level/Psychology A Level/Sociology A Level/Spanish GCSE GCSE/Art GCSE/Biology GCSE/Biology/Enzymes GCSE/Biology/Osmosis GCSE/Business Studies GCSE/Chemistry GCSE/Drama GCSE/Economics GCSE/English Language GCSE/Geography GCSE/History GCSE/History/African GCSE/History/Britain GCSE/History/European GCSE/History/France GCSE/History/Germany GCSE/History/Russian GCSE/History/Vietnam GCSE/Languages GCSE/Languages/French GCSE/Languages/German GCSE/Languages/Irish GCSE/Languages/Welsh GCSE/Latin GCSE/Maths GCSE/Maths/T Shapes GCSE/Miscellaneous GCSE/Music GCSE/Physics GCSE/Physics/Pendulum GCSE/Psychology GCSE/Technology I.B.
Electrodynamics
PS lecture notes from Cambridge. Topics include Maxwell's equations, electrostatics, relativity, relativistic electromagnetism, energymomentum tensor, quamtum effects, and Born-Infeld theory.
http://www.cam.ac.uk/CambUniv/Societies/archim/notes/iib/electro/electro.ps
The Electromagnetism Tour
electromagnetism. In everyday life we are surrounded by electric and magneticfields. Magnetic Tour electromagnetism. A Lightning Strike
http://www.sunblock99.org.uk/sb99/people/DMackay/title.html

Extractions: In everyday life we are surrounded by electric and magnetic fields. They make many of the things we take for granted possible. Duncan Mackay has prepared this fact file, so click on the links below to find out more about electricity and magnetism and how they affect you. Lightning is a flow of electric charge
P10D Electricity Magnetism
An introductory course on electromagnetism with all lecture notes in HTML.
http://scitec.uwichill.edu.bb/cmp/online/P10D/p10D.htm
Seismology & Electromagnetism Homepage
SEM Home Staff Publications Resources What s New Continental GeoscienceDivision Seismology and electromagnetism Section (SEM) Introduction
http://www.cg.nrcan.gc.ca/
What Is The Electron Spin?
The web based tutorial on electron properties, electromagnetism, and related topics.
http://www.electronspin.org
Electromagnetism@Everything2.com
However, electromagnetism is the word for the combined theory of electrostatics,magnetostatics and electrodynamics and magnetodynamics that effectively
http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node=electromagnetism
Non-Postulated Relativity By Lev Lomize
In this online book, electromagnetism is described as a physical mechanism responsible for relativistic effects.
http://www.nonpostulatedrelativity.com/
Physics 30: Electromagnetism
Transfer an understanding of electromagnetism to practical applications.Solve problems relating to electromagnetism.
http://www.sasked.gov.sk.ca/docs/physics/u7b3phy.html

Extractions: Oersted discovered that a magnetic field is created in the region of a current-carrying conductor. The direction of the magnetic field lines is dependent on the direction of current flow through a conductor. The magnetic field forms a series of concentric circles around a straight conductor. The strength of the magnetic field diminishes inversely as the radial distance from the conductor increases. At any given distance from the conductor, the strength of the magnetic field increases directly with the amount of current in the conductor. Ampere's Rule (right-hand rule) can be used to describe the direction of the magnetic field about a straight conductor. If the conductor is grasped with the right hand in such a way that the right thumb points in the direction of the current, the fingers wrap around the conductor in the direction of the magnetic field. (Some texts refer to the "right-hand rule". Avoid this convention to prevent unnecessary confusion.) The strength of a magnetic field around a conductor can be intensified by coiling the conductor into a loop. A large number of loops form a coil, or
8.02 Video Lectures
Prof. Walter Lewin's video lectures on electromagnetism.
http://web.mit.edu/smcs/8.02/
History 181B - Class 6
Connecting optics to electromagnetism Empirical unification The electromagneticluminiferousaether Maxwell s new analogy
http://history.berkeley.edu/faculty/Carson/spring03/181B/class06.html

Extractions: magnetooptic rotation (Faraday effect) Assignment James Clerk Maxwell, selection from "On Faraday's Lines of Force" (1855), in The Scientific Papers of James Clerk Maxwell , ed. W. D. Niven (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1890; New York: Dover, 1952), v. 1, 155-159; letter to Thomson, 10 December 1861, in
Search Directory Page
New electromagnetism is an improved set of models describing electromagnetic interactions.
http://www.newelectromagnetism.com
Pico Technology: Electromagnetism - Experiments With A Bicycle Dynamo
Pico Technology Application notes electromagnetism Experiments with a BicycleDynamo.
http://www.picotech.com/experiments/dynamo/dynamo.html

Extractions: This educational application note shows how the output of a bicycle dynamo can be displayed using a PC based oscilloscope. It assumes a basic knowledge of electromagnetic induction. Contents Equipment required :- Any bicycle dynamo should be suitable for these experiments. We used a bicycle dynamo with a pulley wheel, handle and bulb mounted on a demonstration stand. This was purchased from Griffin Education (part number XKE-650-J). Experiment setup The experiment was setup as shown in the photograph below. Experiment Results To test the setup, the handle on pulley was given a single turn. PicoScope oscilloscope software was set to single shot trigger to capture the results. Pre-trigger (20%) was used to show signals before and after the trigger event. The PicoScope screen shot shows the results: Questions 1. How long did the dynamo keep turning?
Ling's Index
The website suggesting to carry out a few experiments on electromagnetism resembling that of a Faraday homopolar concept.
http://www.geocities.com/ling_the_monkey_boy/index.html

Extractions: They could be called Homopolar machines, I suppose. They hopefully demonstrate the creation of back torque. One day, I'll get around to trying a few of these ideas out. Until then, I can only wonder if they will work. Some thought experiments about moving conductors and magnetic fields can be found here: linear movement rotating movement Difference between linear and rotating systems If you have any questions or comments, please click the above link to access my guestbook. Why not leave some comments? View other comments Another idea for single-piece rotor Faraday disk illustration
Electromagnetism Part 2
electromagnetism is important for the operation of wind turbine generators.This page explains why.
http://www.windpower.org/en/stat/emag/emagn.htm

Extractions: Electromagnetism The current magnetises the iron core and creates a pair of magnetic poles, one North, and the other South. The two compass needles consequently point in opposite directions. (You may repeat the experiment by clicking on the switch again). This magnetic field would be created whether we had the iron core in the middle or not. But the iron core makes the magnetic field much more powerful. The iron core may be shaped e.g. like a horse shoe, or a C , which is a design used in generators. Generators usually have several North - South pole pairs. For now, let's see how electromagnetism can work "in reverse" on the next page on induction.
HOMOPOLAR - EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION
The web page contains a movie and pictures of the experiment that ultimately shows that M hypothesis in electromagnetism is valid â not the N one. We can conclude that consequently Maxwell and Faraday equations should have total time derivation, which affects the Special Theory of Relativity.
http://www.andrijar.com/homavi/index.html

Extractions: The main goal of the work is to show that the main mistake is done early at the very beginning of science and techniques we have today. The main mistake was done by misunderstanding of Faradays homopolar generator that directly led to Lorentz transformations and consequently to Einstein Theory of relativity. Resent experiments have clearly showed that things are not as most us take them for grant: Bumerang Project, resent Microwave experiments performed by Hartwig W. Thim that was approved by IEEE, etc. Misunderstanding of such important things like electromagnetism prevents further progress in science and techniques and that must be surpassed by immediate, strong and fast rejecting to litter all bed premises and theories that are wrong. The theories must be rejected to enable further progress. Experimental Setup Figures show an annular (25 mm inner radius, 75 mm outer radius), ceramic-type, axially magnetized, permanent magnet

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