Geometry.Net - Philosophers: Spinoza Baruch

Spinoza
A brief discussion of the life and works of baruch spinoza, with links to electronic texts and additional information.
http://www.philosophypages.com/ph/spin.htm

Extractions: Internet Sources Baruch Spinoza was born to Portuguese Jews living in exile in Holland, but his life among the Marranos there was often unsettled. Despite an early rabbinical education, he was expelled from the synagogue at Amsterdam for defending heretical opinions in 1656. While engaging privately in serious study of medieval Jewish thought, Cartesian philosophy , and the new science at Rijnburg and the Hague, Spinoza supported himself by grinding optical lenses, an occupation that probably contributed to the consumption that killed him. Private circulation of his philosophical treatises soon earned him a significant reputation throughout Europe, but Spinoza so treasured his intellectual independence that in 1673 he declined the opportunity to teach at Heidelberg, preferring to continue his endeavors alone. Spinoza's first published work was a systematic presentation of the philosophy of Descartes , to which he added his own suggestions for its improvement.
Benedict De Spinoza [Internet Encyclopedia Of Philosophy]
Entry on spinoza, with biography and main elements of his philosophical thought.
http://www.iep.utm.edu/s/spinoza.htm

Extractions: Benedict de Spinoza was among the most important of the post-Cartesian philosophers who flourished in the second half of the 17th century. He made significant contributions in virtually every area of philosophy, and his writings reveal the influence of such divergent sources as Stoicism, Jewish Rationalism, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Descartes, and a variety of heterodox religious thinkers of his day. For this reason he is difficult to categorize, though he is usually counted, along with Descartes and Leibniz, as one of the three major Rationalists. Given Spinozas devaluation of sense perception as a means of acquiring knowledge, his description of a purely intellectual form of cognition, and his idealization of geometry as a model for philosophy, this categorization is fair. But it should not blind us to the eclecticism of his pursuits, nor to the striking originality of his thought. Among philosophers, Spinoza is best known for his Ethics , a monumental work that presents an ethical vision unfolding out of a monistic metaphysics in which God and Nature are identified. God is no longer the transcendent creator of the universe who rules it via providence, but Nature itself, understood as an infinite, necessary, and fully deterministic system of which humans are a part. Humans find happiness only through a rational understanding of this system and their place within it. On account of this and the many other provocative positions he advocates, Spinoza has remained an enormously controversial figure. For many, he is the harbinger of enlightened modernity who calls us to live by the guidance of reason. For others, he is the enemy of the traditions that sustain us and the denier of what is noble within us. After a review of Spinozas life and works, this article examines the main themes of his philosophy, primarily as they are set forth in the
Baruch Spinoza
Critical entry on spinoza by Kelley L. Ross. Part of the project of the Friesian School.
http://www.friesian.com/spinoza.htm

Extractions: Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677) Baruch Spinoza was one of the great philosophers of the age of Rationalism and a major influence thereafter, as on, paradoxically, both of the bitter enemies Arthur Schopenhauer and G.W.F. Hegel . From a Portuguese Jewish family that had fled to the relative tolerance of the Netherlands, one of the most famous things about Spinoza was his expulsion from the Dutch Jewish community. This is often called an "excommunication," though, as I used to have a high school teacher protest, there is really no such thing as "excommunication" in Judaism. Nevertheless, Spinoza was expelled from the Jewish community and anathematized. Although he is today recognized as one of the greatest Jewish philosophers ever, and the chief Rabbis of Israel have been petitioned to formally lift the curse upon him, this has not happened: Spinoza remains a controversial person in Judaism, for very much the same reasons that led to his expulsion in the first place. Spinoza's God is not the God of Abraham and Isaac, not a personal God at all, and his system provides no reason for the revelatory status of the Bible or the practice of Judaism, or of any religion, for that matter. Spinoza's alienation from his community is reflected in an alternative version of his name. "Baruch" in Hebrew (
Philosophers : Baruch Spinoza
A short biography of the Dutch philosopher. Part of The Window, a clearinghouse for philosophy on the Web.
http://www.trincoll.edu/depts/phil/philo/phils/spinoza.html
Baruch Spinoza Quotes - The Quotations Page
baruch spinoza (1632 1677) Dutch Jewish philosopher more author details baruch spinoza, The Ethics. - 6 Quotations in other collections
http://www.quotationspage.com/quotes/Baruch_Spinoza/
Cooley Science Library - Spinoza Webliography
Cooley Science Library baruch spinoza Webliography. spinoza Portrait spinoza Electronic Texts (Annotated by J.B. Yesselman)
http://cooley.colgate.edu/cslweb/curresup/spinoza.html

Extractions: Baruch Spinoza Webliography Brief Biography http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/ndhawan/spinoza.html Spinoza Net http://www.spinoza.net/Main.htm Dedication to Spinoza's Insights http://www.yesselman.com/ Spinoza Electronic Texts (Annotated by J.B. Yesselman) http://www.yesselman.com#TTP Ethics (Project Gutenberg Etexts) http://sailor.gutenberg.org/by-title/xx500.html Tractatus Politicus http://www.constitution.org/bs/poltr-00.htm Improvement of Understanding (Project Gutenberg Etexts) http://sailor.gutenberg.org/by-title/xx747.html Studia Spinoziana http://frank.mtsu.edu/~rbombard/RB/spinoza.new.html U.C. Davis Lecture Notes http://www-philosophy.ucdavis.edu/phi022/spinlec.htm SpinozaWeb http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Academy/4364/SpinozaWeb.html Spinoza et Nous (Spinoza in the French Language) http://spinozaetnous.free.fr/ The Philosophy of Benedictus de Spinoza (1632-1677)
Spinoza, Baruch
Glossary of Religion and Philosophy Short Biography of baruch spinoza.
http://atheism.about.com/library/glossary/general/bldef_spinozabaruch.htm

Extractions: Baruch Spinoza one of the founders of the rationalist movement in modern philosophy, generally placed alongside figures like Rene Descartes and Gottfried Leibniz. Spinoza associated himself with freethinkers in his youth and would eventually be expelled from the Jewish community in Amsterdam for his "abominable heresies" and "monstrous acts." The reasons for such a reaction seem to include denying the laws of Moses and even the immortality of the soul. Spinoza also argued that God is simply the mechanism of the universe and that the Bible is nothing more than a metaphorical and allegorical work, not a divine revelation. This was all part of his development of a system which would become known as naturalistic or scientific pantheism. Spinoza's pantheism, unlike some other forms, was very impersonal in how God was conceived. As a result, many people considered him an atheist and some even labeled him the "Greatest Atheist". Others, however, argued just the opposite. German author Novalis labeled him as a
EpistemeLinks: Website Results For Philosopher Baruch Spinoza
General website search results for baruch spinoza including brief biographies, link resources, and more. Provided by EpistemeLinks.
http://www.epistemelinks.com/Main/Philosophers.aspx?PhilCode=Spin
Baruch Spinoza
Benedict De spinoza Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Web Site baruch spinoza. Web Site The spinoza Net. Web Site spinoza the first modern pantheist
http://www.kheper.net/topics/philosophy/Spinoza.html
Web Sites On Benedict (Baruch) Spinoza
Short directory of web resources on spinoza. A project of the Philosophy Department at Gustavus Adolphus College.
http://gustavus.edu/academics/philosophy/spinoza2.html
Reasonable Doubt - New York Times
baruch spinozas life and thought have the power to illuminate the kind of events that at the moment seem so intractable and overwhelming.
http://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/29/opinion/29goldstein.html?pagewanted=print
Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677)
baruch or Benedict de spinoza, one of the greatest Dutch philosophers of his time, was born on november 24th, 1632 Amsterdam. He died on february 21th,
http://spinoza.mine.nu/

Extractions: Benedictus de Spinoza (1632-1677) Life Baruch or Benedict de Spinoza, one of the greatest Dutch philosophers of his time, was born on november 24th, 1632 Amsterdam. He died on february 21th, 1677 's-Gravenhage. He grew up in a Jewish environment. Not yet 24 years old, Spinoza rejected traditional interpretations of Scripture and thus deviated from Jewish orthodoxy. In 1656 he was expelled from the synagogue at Amsterdam on charges of heretical thought and practice, after which he Latinized his name to Benedict. He left Amsterdam and went to Rijnsburg, Voorburg and The Hague. In Rijnsburg one can still visit his house, now better known as the Spinozahuis museum. During his lifetime Spinoza was a controversial figure, largely because his philosophical pantheism was not widely appreciated in either Jewish or Christian religious circles. His influence then and immediately after his death is not always easy to pinpoint. Although he left no school of disciples, his works were read by Leibniz and others. His popularity increased in the 18th and 19th centuries when he influenced such diverse persons as the French Encyclopedists, Goethe, Coleridge, and even Hegel. Today the depth and rigor of his thought is widely recognized. Works Renati Des Cartes principiorum philosophiae pars Cogitata Metaphysica (1663), translated in 1664 by Spinoza's friend Pieter Balling. /
A Dedication To Spinoza's Insights - Joseph B. Yesselman's Home Page
Electronic Text and Commentary on baruch spinoza s The Ethics, On the Improvement of Human Understanding, TheologicoPolitical Treatise, and Political
http://www.yesselman.com/
Baruch Spinoza Quotes
baruch spinoza quotes,baruch, spinoza, author, authors, writer, writers, people, famous people.
http://thinkexist.com/quotes/baruch_spinoza/

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Benedictus (Baruch) Spinoza
Benedictus (baruch) spinoza was an objective, impersonal philosopher whose theological views influenced German Idealists such as Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
http://www.alcott.net/alcott/home/champions/Spinoza.html

Extractions: Benedictus (Baruch) Spinoza was an objective, impersonal philosopher whose theological views influenced German Idealists such as Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and New England Transcendentalists such as George Ripley and Theodore Parker Ralph Waldo Emerson 's ideas presented in the essay " The Over-Soul " are indebted to his insights into the identity of God and Nature. Henry David Thoreau 's thoughts on the human community in Walden reflect his Stoic approach to ethics, wherein the greatest joy is a human nature that is perfectly aware and accepting of its place in and unity with the universe.
Baruch Spinoza
Philosopher of the Month. January 2002 baruch spinoza. Margaret Gullan-Whur. spinoza is acknowledged in all philosophical traditions as a great thinker,
http://www.philosophers.co.uk/cafe/phil_jan2002.htm

Extractions: Home Articles Games Portals ... Contact Us Philosopher of the Month January 2002 - Baruch Spinoza Margaret Gullan-Whur Spinoza is acknowledged in all philosophical traditions as a great thinker, yet his work is seldom studied. Here is a paradox that, like his doctrines, is explicable on several levels, each giving rise to further paradoxes. Small wonder that those who think the beautiful theory is the simple one shun him. Some textual ambiguities spring from the complexity of his cultural background. Born in Amsterdam in 1632 of Portuguese Jews who had fled the Inquisition, Spinoza was expelled at twenty-four from his orthodox community for 'horrendous heresies'. Bento de Espinosa (Baruch in the synagogue and seminary) became Benedictus, Western scholar and opinionated proponent of the 'new philosophy' that threatened all theistic religions with its assertion of a mechanistic universe. Yet Spinoza would never speak good Dutch, or marry, and in some ways remained a thinker in the Jewish rationalist tradition. His largely self-taught classical education never displaced his love for Hebrew studies and Spanish mystical literature. His Theologico-Political Treatise , challenging Hobbes's pronouncements in
Prof Asa Kasher
Although the latter book was available to Jacob Klatzkin, when he was writing his book, baruch spinoza (in 1923), he translated the proclamation of
http://www.tau.ac.il/~kasher/pspin.htm

Extractions: The "hakhamim," namely the official rabbis of the community, with whose consent the resolution was made to excommunicate the "said Espinoza," were familiar with thetraditional wording of the proclamations of excommunication and excerpts of these onventional formulations were incorporated in the announcement of Spinoza's excommunication:
Baruch Spinoza Quotes
48 quotes and quotations by baruch spinoza. baruch spinoza All noble things are as difficult as they are rare. baruch spinoza
http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/b/baruch_spinoza.html
Welcome To The Spinoza Study
The spinoza Net, The spinoza Net is dedicated to furthering research, knowledge and discussion about the works, reception and contributions of baruch
http://home.earthlink.net/~tneff/

Extractions: tneff [at] earthlink [dot] net This site is dedicated to the memory No!, to the Living Ideas expressed by Benedict de Spinoza, and to Frederick Kettner [see The Biosophical Institute Note ] both of whom grasped the essence of those ideas and applied themselves to awakening knowledge of the Eternal and Infinite One in the minds of their students.
Light Within: Benedict (Baruch) Spinoza
I read this today Benedict (baruch) spinoza was a philosopher from Holland. All his life he lived in poverty and was also excommunicated in 1656.
http://sajshirazi.blogspot.com/2005/08/benedict-baruch-spinoza.html

Extractions: skip to main skip to sidebar ...blogging experiments and proposals ... Spinoza had declined the chairmanship of Philosophy Department, the Heidelberg University, did not oblige King Lois IV by dedicating any of his books to him as he desired though he could have earned stipend for life in return. Famous merchant of Amsterdam wanted to make him his successor but Spinoza disliked. So many people were ready to help but Spinoza was rich with his own contentment. The servant might have got some thing more valuable if Spinoza would have had accepted the bounties.

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