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Parapsychology In The Twenty-First Century: Essays On The Future Of Psychical Research by Lance Storm, 2004-12-23
Science et conscience: Les deux lectures de l'univers : colloque de Cordoue, [1er au 5 octobre 1979] (French Edition) by Yves Jaigu, Brian D. Josephson, et all 1980
Brian David Josephson: An entry from Gale's <i>Science and Its Times</i> by Philip Downey, 2001

lists with details

A Holistic Approach To Language
Identifier, josephson, brian D. and Blair, David G. (1982) A Holistic Approachto Language. Technical Report TCM/32/1982, Theory of Condensed Matter Group,
http://arc.cs.odu.edu:8080/dp9/getrecord/oai_dc/cogprints.soton.ac.uk/oai:cogpri
Multistage Acquisition Of Intelligent Behaviour
Creator, josephson, brian D. Creator, Hauser, HM Identifier, josephson, brian D.and Hauser, HM (1981) Multistage Acquisition of Intelligent Behaviour.
http://arc.cs.odu.edu:8080/dp9/getrecord/oai_dc/cogprints.soton.ac.uk/oai:cogpri
Brian_D._Josephson - Lexikon - Brian_D._Josephson - Beschreibung - Physik
Translate this page brian D. josephson. aus Physik, der freien Enzyklopädie. brian David josephson (* 4.Januar 1940 in Cardiff/Wales), britischer Physiker
http://www.physik-lexikon.de/wiki/index.php?title=Brian_D._Josephson
Josephson Article Summer 2000
BIOLOGICAL UTILIZATION OF QUANTUM NONLOCALITY (1) (see footnote below). brian D.josephson (2) and Fotini PallikariViras (3). Summer 2001. Abstract
http://www.swcp.com/~hswift/swc/Summer01/josephson0101.htm

Extractions: Abstract The perception of reality by bio-systems is based on different, and in certain respects more effective principles than those utilized by the more formal procedures of science. As a result, what appears as random pattern to the scientific method can be meaningful pattern to a living organism. The existence of this complementary perception of reality makes possible in principle effective use by organisms of the direct interconnections between spatially separated objects shown to exist in the work of J.S. Bell. 1. INTRODUCTION Bell (1,2)[4] has given arguments that appear to demonstrate the existence of direct interconnections between spatially separated objects. But at the same time there are arguments 6) that appear to show that no real physical manifestations of these interconnections actually exist. The thesis developed in this paper is that it is only from the point of view of quantum mechanics that these connections appear to be unphysical, and that there is a different, complementary point of view, one associated specifically with the activities of living organisms, in terms of which the interconnections may be very concretely real, and capable of being put to practical use.
Biographies Of Computer Pioneers A-J
business planning software; principal designer of IFPS (1975); josephson,brian D.; josephson switch, hyper speed switching on molecular/atomaire level
http://www.thocp.net/biographies/biographies.htm

Extractions: If you see in-active or un-linked pages, they are either under revision or will be added in the future. So come back often, or press the what's new hotspot on the main page Recently we have added a list of historic papers as they are referenced via the biographies, readers asked us to insert an index page for easier retrieval:
Physics Nobel Laureates 1950 - 1974
josephson, brian D., Great Britain, Cambridge University, Cambridge, * 1940. for his theoretical predictions of the properties of a supercurrent through a
http://www.matpack.de/Info/Chronics/physics_laureates_3.html

Extractions: POWELL, CECIL FRANK, Great Britain, Bristol University, "for his development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and his discoveries regarding mesons made with this method". The prize was awarded jointly to: COCKCROFT, Sir JOHN DOUGLAS, Great Britain, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell, Didcot, Berks., + 1967; and WALTON, ERNEST THOMAS SINTON, Ireland, Dublin University, "for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially acce lerated atomic particles". The prize was awarded jointly to: BLOCH, FELIX, U.S.A., Stanford University, Stanford, CA, + 1983; and PURCELL, EDWARD MILLS, U.S.A., Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, "for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith". ZERNIKE, FRITS (FREDERIK), the Netherlands, Groningen University, "for his demonstration of the phase contrast method, especially for his invention of the phase contrast microscope". The prize was divided equally between: BORN, MAX, Great Britain, Edinburgh University
BYTE.com
In 1962, brian D. josephson described a phenomenon peculiar to quantum mechanics.Suppose two superconductors are separated by a thin film of insulating
http://www.byte.com/art/9604/sec7/art3.htm

Extractions: Jump to... Columns: Advanced Software and Technologies BYTE Media Lab Chaos Manor Conference Reports Features Free Features Gigglebytes Letters to BYTE.com Mr. Computer Language Person New Products Op/Ed Portable Computing Serving with Linux The Upgrade Advisor HOME ABOUT US ARCHIVES CONTACT US ... REGISTER April 1996 Cover Story When Silicon Hits Its Limits, What's Next? / Whatever Happened To Josephson Junctions? Sometimes a new technology shows great promise, but it founders when practical issues surface. So it is with Josephson junctions. In 1962, Brian D. Josephson described a phenomenon peculiar to quantum mechanics. Suppose two superconductors are separated by a thin film of insulating material. These superconductors are part of a circuit, and since the insulating film breaks the connection, no current flows. However, if the film is thin enough, the quantum-wave functions of electron pairs (so-called Cooper pairs, which are a product of supercooling and are responsible for superconductivity)
GNU EPrints 2 - Non-Technical List Archive
brian D. josephson bdj10 AT cam.ac.uk * MindMatter * CavendishLab., Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK * Unification * voice +44(0)1223
http://software.eprints.org/underground.php/334.html
UNDERNEWS: COLD FUSION ACCEPTABLE FOR SCIENTISTS TO DISCUSS, BUT NOT MEDIA
josephson s third example cold fusion. In his talk he quoted Charles D. Beaudette as PATHOLOGICAL DISBELIEF brian D. josephson COLD FUSION SITE
http://prorev.com/2005/01/cold-fusion-acceptable-for-scientists.htm

Extractions: @import url("http://www.blogger.com/css/blog_controls.css"); @import url("http://www.blogger.com/dyn-css/authorization.css?blogID=7069803"); Undernews is the online report of the Progressive Review, edited by Sam Smith, who has covered Washington under nine presidents and edited alternative journals since 1964. The Review is an online journal and archive of alternative news. It has been on the web since 1995. See main page for full contents AT THE MARCH MEETING of the American Physical Society there will be 14 papers delivered in a session on cold fusion. This isn't the first time there has been such a session, and cold fusion has also been considered a respectable subject at the American Chemical Society. Reports cold fusion advocate Ed Wall, "They have been presenting at APS for a number of years, as well as the American Chemical Society. They generally do not generate much of a turnout, but because the scientists doing the CF research are in good standing in such organizations, and the methods employed are standard stuff and quality of the work they do appears to be good, they were able to argue (Scott Chubb, most persuasively) that they should be allowed to present their work." There is one place, however, where cold fusion is not permitted to be discussed or debated: the American press. Says Wall: "Once CF started getting treated as a serious science, not just by a strong-willed minority of appropriately credentialed scientists, but by scientific and engineering establishments around the world (Japan), it appeared as more than bizarre that it was still considered heresy in the US."
UNDERNEWS: PATHOLOGICAL DISBELIEF
brian D. josephson This talk mirrors Pathological Science , a lecture givenby Chemistry Laureate Irving Langmuir. Langmuir discussed cases where
http://prorev.com/2004/07/pathological-disbelief.htm

Extractions: @import url("http://www.blogger.com/css/blog_controls.css"); @import url("http://www.blogger.com/dyn-css/authorization.css?blogID=7069803"); Undernews is the online report of the Progressive Review, edited by Sam Smith, who has covered Washington under nine presidents and edited alternative journals since 1964. The Review is an online journal and archive of alternative news. It has been on the web since 1995. See main page for full contents [âPathological Disbeliefâ was the title of a lecture by 1973 Nobel Prize winner Brian D. Josephson, who teaches physics at the University of Cambridge, delivered at the 2004 Lindau meeting of Nobel Laureates. It describes a problem for science but also one for journalism which has over the past few decades moved from ubiquitous skepticism to ubiquitous condemnation of skepticism, most popularly expressed in labeling the skeptic a âconspiracy theorist.â Josephson, incidentally, cites the treatment of cold fusion as an example. Some readers may recall that the Review is one of a tiny number of publications that has treated research into cold fusion as newsworthy â not because this research will necessarily pan out but because the suppression of this research by both science and journalism violated the objective principles of both trades.] Brian D. Josephson - This talk mirrors "Pathological Science", a lecture given by Chemistry Laureate Irving Langmuir. Langmuir discussed cases where scientists, on the basis of invalid processes, claimed the validity of phenomena that were unreal. My interest is in the counter-pathology involving cases where phenomena that are almost certainly real are rejected by the scientific community, for reasons that are just as invalid as those of the cases described by Langmuir.
Der Erste Deutsche Internetversuch Zur Außergewöhnlichen Mensch-Maschine-Inter
brian D. josephson and FotiniPallikari-Viras Biological Utilisation of Quantum NonLocality
http://bs.cyty.com/menschen/e-etzold/archiv/telemech/ver.htm

Extractions: Homepage Eckhard Etzold Cyty - Menschen Verweise Psychokinese-Versuche Zufallsgeneratoren, Psychokinese-Projekte und Parapsychologie im Internet Forum Parawissenschaften Parapsychologie Boundary Institute Rhine Research Center ... Do PSI-phenomena suggest Radical Dualism? Dick Bierman, Universities of Utrecht and Amsterdam Brian D. Josephson and Fotini Pallikari-Viras: Biological Utilisation of Quantum NonLocality Jessica Utts and Brian D. Josephson : THE PARANORMAL: THE EVIDENCE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR CONSCIOUSNESS Brian D. Josephson : Physics and the Mind Web-Experiments Der Prinzessin Diana und Mutter Teresa-Versuch Forschungsprojekt Prognostizierbarkeit stochastischer Ereignisse Parapsychologische Beratungsstelle Evidence for Quantum Brain Fluctuations ... Roger Nelsons Homepage , Leiter des PEAR-Projekts, Princeton Consciousness Research Laboratory Artikel Parapsychologie der Gesellschaft zur Untersuchung von Parawissenschaften Skeptiker - Gesellschaft zur Untersuchung von Parawissenschaften, GWUP e.V.
Sciforums.com - Jewish Laureates Of Nobel Prizes
1973 josephson, brian D. for his theoretical predictions of the properties ofa supercurrent through a tunnel barrier, in particular those phenomena which
http://www.sciforums.com/archive/index.php/t-3820.html
Nobel Prize Winners In Physics 1901 Wilhelm Roentgen For
tunneling in superconductors, and brian D. josephson for predicting thejosephson effect, which involves tunneling of paired electrons (19581962).
http://people.smu.edu/ereiman/physics/nobelprizes.txt

Extractions: Nobel Prize Winners in Physics: 1901 Wilhelm Roentgen for discovering X-rays (1895). 1902 Hendrik A. Lorentz for predicting the Zeeman effect and Pieter Zeeman for discovering the Zeeman effect, the splitting of spectral lines in magnetic fields. 1903 Antoine-Henri Becquerel for discovering radioactivity (1896) and Pierre and Marie Curie for studying radioactivity. 1904 Lord Rayleigh for studying the density of gases and discovering argon. 1905 Philipp Lenard for studying cathode rays, electrons (1898-1899). 1906 J.J. Thomson for studying electrical discharge through gases and discovering the electron (1897). 1907 Albert A. Michelson for inventing optical instruments and measuring the speed of light (1880s). 1908 Gabriel Lippmann for making the first color photographic plate, using interference methods (1891). 1909 Guglielmo Marconi and Carl Ferdinand Braun for developing wireless telegraphy. 1910 Johannes D. van der Waals for studying the equation of state for gases and liquids (1881). 1911 Wilhelm Wien for discovering Wien's law giving the peak of a blackbody spectrum (1893). 1912 Nils Dalen for inventing automatics gas regulators for lighthouses. 1913 Heike Kamerlingh Onnes for the discovery of superconductivity and liquefying helium (1908). 1914 Max T.F. von Laue for studying x-rays from their diffraction by crystals, showing that x-rays are electromagnetic waves (1912). 1915 William Henry Bragg and William Lawrence Bragg, his son, for studying the diffraction of x-rays in crystals. 1916 No prize in Physics was given. 1917 Charles Barkla for studying atoms by x-ray scattering (1906). 1918 Max Planck for discovering energy quanta. 1919 Johannes Stark, for discovering the Stark effect, the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields (1913). 1920 Charles-Edouard Guillaume for discovering invar, a nickel-steel alloy with low coefficient of expansion. 1921 Albert Einstein for explaining the photoelectric effect and for his services to theoretical physics (1905). 1922 Niels Bohr for his model of the atom and its readiation (1913). 1923 Robert A. Millikan for measuring the charge on an electron (1911) and for studying the photoelectric effect experimentally (1914). 1924 Karl M. G. Siegbahn for his work in x-ray spectroscopy. 1925 James Franck and Gustav Hertz for discovering the Franck-Hertz effect in electron-atom collisions. 1926 Jean-Baptiste Perrin for studying Brownian motion to validate the discontinuous structure of matter and measure the size of atoms. 1927 Arthur Holly Compton for discovering the Compton effect on x-rays, their change in wavelength when they collide with matter (1922), and Charles T. R. Wilson for inventing the cloud chamber, used to study charged particles (1906). 1928 Owen W. Richardson for studying the thermionic effect and electrons emitted by hot metals (1911). 1929 Louis Victor de Broglie for discovering the wave nature of electrons (1923). 1930 Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman for studying Raman scattering, the scattering of light by atoms and molecules with a change in wavelength (1928). 1931 No prize in Physics was given. 1932 Werner Heisenberg for creating quantum mechanics (1925). 1933 Erwin Schrodinger and Paul A. M. Dirac for developing wave mechanics (1925) and relativistic quantum mechanics (1927). 1934 No prize in Physics was given. 1935 James Chadwick for discovering the neutron (1932). 1936 Carl D. Anderson for discovering the positron in particular and antimatter in general (1932) and Victor F. Hess for discovering cosmic rays. 1937 Clinton Davisson and George Thomson for discovering the diffraction of electrons by crystals, confirming de Broglie's hypothesis (1927). 1938 Enrico Fermi for producing the transuranic radioactive elements by neutron irradiation (1934-1937). 1939 Ernest O. Lawrence for inventing the cyclotron. 1940 No prize in Physics was given. 1941 No prize in Physics was given. 1942 No prize in Physics was given. 1943 Otto Stern for developing molecular-beam studies (1923), and using them to discover the magnetic moment of the proton (1933). 1944 Isidor I. Rabi for discovering nuclear magnetic resonance in atomic and molecular beams. 1945 Wolfgang Pauli for discovering the exclusion principle (1924). 1946 Percy W. Bridgman for studying physics at high pressures. 1947 Edward V. Appleton for studying the ionosphere. 1948 Patrick M. S. Blackett for studying nuclear physics with cloud-chamber photographs of cosmic-ray interactions. 1949 Hideki Yukawa for predicting the existence of mesons (1935). 1950 Cecil F. Powell for developing the method of studying cosmic rays with photographic emulsions and discovering new mesons. 1951 Hohn D. Cockcroft and Ernest T. S. Walton for transmuting nuclei in an accelerator (1932). 1952 Felix Bloch and Edward Mills Purcell for discovering nuclear magnetic resonance in liquids and gases (1946). 1953 Frits Zernike for inventing the phase-contrast microscope, which uses interference to provide high contrast. 1954 Max Born for interpreting the wave function as a probability (1926) and other quantum-mechanical discoveries and Walther Bothe for developing the coincidence method to study subatomic particles (1930-1931), producing, in particular, the particle interpreted by Chadwick as the neutron. 1955 Willis E. Lamb, Jr., for discovering the Lamb shift in the hydrogen spectrum (1947) and Polykarp Kusch for determining the magnetic moment of the electron (1947). 1956 John Bardeen, Walter H. Brattain, and William Shockley for inventing the transistor (1956). 1957 T.-D. Lee and C.-N. Yang for predicting that partiy is not conserved in beta decay (1956). 1958 Pavel A. Cerenkov for discovering Cerenkov radiation (1935) and Ilya M. Frank and Igor Tamm for interpreting it (1937). 1959 Emilio G. Segre and Owen Chamberlain for discovering the antiproton (1955). 1960 Donald A. Glaser for inventing the bubble chamber to study elementary particles (1952). 1961 Robert Hofstadter for discovering internal structure in protons and neutrons and Rudolf L. Mossbauer for discovering the Mossbauer effect of recoilless gamma-ray emission (1957). 1962 Lev Davidovich Landau for studying liquid helium and other condensed matter theoretically. 1963 Eugene P. Wigner for applying symmetry principles to elementary-particle theory and Maria Goeppert Mayer and J. Hans D. Jensen for studying the shell model of nuclei (1947). 1964 Charles H. Townes, Nikolai G. Basov, and Alexandr M. Prokhorov for developing masers (1951-1952) and lasers. 1965 Sin-itiro Tomonaga, Julian S. Schwinger, and Richard P. Feynman for developing quantum electrodynamics (1948). 1966 Alfred Kastler for his optical methods of studying atomic energy levels. 1967 Hans Albrecht Bethe for discovering the routes of energy production in stars (1939). 1968 Luis W. Alvarez for discovering resonance states of elementary particles. 1969 Murray Gell-Mann for classifying elementary particles (1963). 1970 Hannes Alfven for developing magnetohydrodynamic theory and Louis Eugene Felix Neel for discovering antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism (1930s). 1971 Dennis Gabor for developing holography (1947). 1972 John Bardeen, Leon N. Cooper, and John Robert Schrieffer for explaining superconductivity (1957). 1973 Leo Esaki for discovering tunneling in semiconductors, Ivar Giaever for discovering tunneling in superconductors, and Brian D. Josephson for predicting the Josephson effect, which involves tunneling of paired electrons (1958-1962). 1974 Anthony Hewish for discovering pulsars and Martin Ryle for developing radio interferometry. 1975 Aage N. Bohr, Ben R. Mottelson, and James Rainwater for discovering why some nuclei take asymmetric shapes. 1976 Burton Richter and Samuel C. C. Ting for discovering the J/psi particle, the first charmed particle (1974). 1977 John H. Van Vleck, Nevill F. Mott, and Philip W. Anderson for studying solids quantum-mechanically. 1978 Arno A. Penzias and Robert W. Wilson for discovering the cosmic background radiation (1965) and Pyotr Kapitsa for his studies of liquid helium. 1979 Sheldon L. Glashow, Abdus Salam, and Steven Weinberg for developing the theory that unified the weak and electromagnetic forces (1958-1971). 1980 Val Fitch and James W. Cronin for discovering CP (charge-parity) violation (1964), which possibly explains the cosmological dominance of matter over antimatter. 1981 Nicolaas Bloembergen and Arthur L. Schawlow for developing laser spectroscopy and Kai M. Siegbahn for developing high-resolution electron spectroscopy (1958). 1982 Kenneth G. Wilson for developing a method of constructing theories of phase transitions to analyze critical phenomena. 1983 William A. Fowler for theoretical studies of astrophysical nucleosynthesis and Subramanyan Chandrasekhar for studying physical processes of importance to stellar structure and evolution, including the prediction of white dwarf stars (1930). 1984 Carlo Rubbia for discovering the W and Z particles, verifying the electroweak unification, and Simon van der Meer, for developing the method of stochastic cooling of the CERN beam that allowed the discovery (1982-1983). 1985 Klaus von Klitzing for the quantized Hall effect, relating to conductivity in the presence of a magnetic field (1980). 1986 Ernst Ruska for inventing the electron microscope (1931), and Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer for inventing the scanning-tunneling electron microscope (1981). 1987 J. Georg Bednorz and Karl Alex Muller for the discovery of high temperature superconductivity (1986). 1988 Leon M. Lederman, Melvin Schwartz, and Jack Steinberger for a collaborative experiment that led to the development of a new tool for studying the weak nuclear force, which affects the radioactive decay of atoms. 1989 Norman Ramsay (U.S.) for various techniques in atomic physics; and Hans Dehmelt (U.S.) and Wolfgang Paul (Germany) for the development of techniques for trapping single charge particles. 1990 Jerome Friedman, Henry Kendall (both U.S.), and Richard Taylor (Canada) for experiments important to the development of the quark model. 1991 Pierre-Gilles de Gennes for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter, in particular to liquid crystals and polymers. 1992 George Charpak for developing detectors that trace the paths of evanescent subatomic particles produced in particle accelerators. 1993 Russell Hulse and Joseph Taylor for discovering evidence of gravitational waves. 1994 Bertram N. Brockhouse and Clifford G. Schull for pioneering work in neutron scattering.
ACSH > Facts & Fears > Archives
323, p 67). Even Nobel Laureate and physicist brian D. josephson (1997) of theUniversity of Cambridge wrote to the _New Scientist_ asserting
http://www.acsh.org/factsfears/newsID.552/news_detail.asp

Extractions: The alternative fringe has embraced a trendy catchphrase: "Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence." It's cute, it sounds impressively philosophical, and, technically, it actually is true. But it can be deceptive, misinterpreted, and misused. The alternative fringe, which interprets lack of evidence as positive support, in effect expands the slogan to mean: "Absence of evidence is evidence of presence." And the peddler of homeopathic nostrums (water imagined to contain a healing "magnetic resonance" of substances that were diluted in it) has it thus: "Absence of presence is evidence of evidence." But, as a practical matter, is it really true that absence of evidence is not evidence of absence? And is the slogan useful in critical scientific thinking? The slogan simply reminds us that we cannot prove a negative, that we can never be 100% sure of anything. If someone claims that a heavy object that we are unable to move would rise up in the air if dropped, we can't prove him wrong, although there is no evidence to support his claim. Although every dropped object in history has fallen down, not up, we can't be absolutely sure the next one won't rise up; we can't prove that it won't. Similarly, if someone says the moon is made of green cheese, maybe it is, although there is no evidence to support the claim; we can't prove that it isn't. Hence, we must concede, absence of evidence is not evidence of absence.
07.31.97 - Quantum Vibrations Seen In Superfluidhelium-3, Confirming A Fundament
Nobel laureates Philip W. Anderson of Princeton University, brian D. josephson ofCambridge University and the late Richard Feynman of Caltech all
http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/97legacy/whistle.html

Extractions: NEWS RELEASE #14608, 7/31/97 by Robert Sanders Berkeley In a dramatic confirmation of predictions made more than 30 years ago, UC Berkeley physicists have detected quantum vibrations in this case a high-pitched whistle in a superfluid analogous to the Josephson effect in superconductors. The confirmation of this fundamental prediction of quantum mechanics the theory that describes interactions on the atomic scale culminates more than 10 years of effort by a University of California at Berkeley team led by low temperature physicists James C. "Seamus" Davis and Richard E. Packard. Over the past three decades numerous laboratories around the world have searched for the effect, but no conclusive evidence for it had been found. "This has been a Holy Grail of physics," says Packard, a professor of physics. "The discovery is fundamental to our understanding of superfluids and by analogy of the phenomena we observe in superconductors." The UC Berkeley team, which includes post-doctoral scientist Sergey Pereversev and graduate students Scott Backhaus and Alex Loshak, report their results in the July 31 issue of the British journal Nature.
Prévisions Fausses 4 Fois Sur 5
brian D. josephson (1940) qui a découvert en 1962 que,sous certaines conditions, une catégorie d électrons (les paires de
http://www.archipress.org/ts36/addenda3.htm
THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1901 RÖNTGEN, WILHELM CONRAD, Germany
respectively , and the other half to josephson, brian D., Great Britain,Cambridge University, Cambridge, * 1940 för hans teoretiska förutsägelser av
http://felix.unife.it/Root/d-General/d-Physics/t-Nobel-prizes-physics

Extractions: THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1901 RÖNTGEN, WILHELM CONRAD, Germany, Munich University, * 1845, + 1923: "såsom ett erkännande av den utomordentliga förtjänst han inlagt genom upptäckten av de egendomliga strålar, som sedermera uppkallats efter honom"; "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1902 The prize was awarded jointly to: LORENTZ, HENDRIK ANTOON, the Netherlands, Leyden University, * 1853, + 1928; and ZEEMAN, PIETER, the Netherlands, Amsterdam University, * 1865, + 1943: "såsom ett erkännande av den utomordentliga förtjänst de inlagt genom sina undersökningar över magnetismens inflytande på strålningsfenomenen"; "in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1903 The prize was divided, one half being awarded to: BECQUEREL, ANTOINE HENRI, France, École Polytechnique, Paris, * 1852, + 1908: "såsom ett erkännande av den utomordentliga förtjänst han inlagt genom upptäckten av den spontana radioaktiviteten"; "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity"; the other half jointly to: CURIE, PIERRE, France, École municipale de physique et de chimie industrielles, (Municipal School of Industrial Physics and Chemistry), Paris, * 1859, + 1906; and his wife CURIE, MARIE, née SKLODOWSKA, France, * 1867 (in Warsaw, Poland), + 1934: "såsom ett erkännande av den utomordentliga förtjänst de inlagt genom sina gemensamt utförda arbeten rörande de av Professor Henri Becquerel upptäckta strålningsfenomenen"; "in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1904 RAYLEIGH, Lord (JOHN WILLIAM STRUTT), Great Britain, Royal Institution of Great Britain, London, * 1842, + 1919: "för hans undersökningar rörande de viktigaste gasernas täthet samt hans i sammanhang med dessa undersökningar gjorda upptäckt av argon"; "for his investigations of the densities of the most important gases and for his discovery of argon in connection with these studies". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1905 LENARD, PHILIPP EDUARD ANTON, Germany, Kiel University, * 1862 (in Pressburg, then Hungary), + 1947: "för hans arbeten över katodstrålarna"; "for his work on cathode rays". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1906 THOMSON, Sir JOSEPH JOHN, Great Britain, Cambridge University, * 1856, + 1940: "såsom ett erkännande av den stora förtjänst han inlagt genom sina teoretiska och experimentella undersökningar över elektricitetens gång genom gaser"; "in recognition of the great merits of his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1907 MICHELSON, ALBERT ABRAHAM , U.S.A., Chicago University, * 1852 (in Strelno, then Germany), + 1931: "för hans optiska precisionsinstrument och hans därmed utförda spektroskopiska och metrologiska undersökningar"; "for his optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations carried out with their aid". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1908 LIPPMANN, GABRIEL, France, Sorbonne University, Paris,* 1845 (in Hollerich, Luxembourg), + 1921: "för hans på interferensfenomenet grundade metod att fotografiskt återgiva färger"; "for his method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1909 The prize was awarded jointly to: MARCONI, GUGLIELMO, Italy, Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co. Ltd., London, Great Britain, * 1874, +1937; and BRAUN, CARL FERDINAND, Germany, Strasbourg University, Alsace (then Germany), * 1850, + 1918: "såsom ett erkännande av deras förtjänster om den trådlösa telegrafiens utveckling"; "in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1910 VAN DER WAALS, JOHANNES DIDERIK, the Netherlands, Amsterdam University, * 1837, + 1923: "för hans arbeten angående gasers och vätskors tillståndsekvation"; "for his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1911 WIEN, WILHELM, Germany, Würzburg University, * 1864, + 1928: "för hans upptäckter angående värmestrålningens lagar"; "for his discoveries regarding the laws governing the radiation of heat". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1912 DALÉN, NILS GUSTAF, Sweden, Swedish Gas-Accumulator Co., Lidingö-Stockholm, * 1869, + 1937: "för hans uppfinningar av självverkande regulatorer att i kombination med gasaccumulatorer användas till belysning av fyrar och lysbojar"; "for his invention of automatic regulators for use in conjunction with gas accumulators for illuminating lighthouses and buoys". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1913 KAMERLINGH-ONNES, HEIKE, the Netherlands, Leyden University * 1853, + 1926: "i anledning av hans undersökningar över kroppars egenskaper vid låga temperaturer, vilka bland annat lett till framställningen av flytande helium"; "for his investigations on the properties of matter at low temperatures which led, inter alia to the production of liquid helium". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1914 VON LAUE, MAX, Germany, Frankfurt-on-the Main University, * 1879, + 1960: "för hans upptäckt av röntgenstrålarnas diffraktion i kristaller"; "for his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1915 The prize was awarded jointly to: BRAGG, Sir WILLIAM HENRY, Great Britain, London University, * 1862, + 1942; and his son BRAGG, Sir WILLIAM LAWRENCE, Great Britain, Victoria University, Manchester, * 1890 (in Adelaide, Australia), + 1971: "för deras förtjänster om utforskandet av kristallstrukturer medelst röntgenstrålar"; "for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1916 Reserved. THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1917 The prize money for 1916 was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section. The prize for 1917: Reserved. THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1918 The prize for 1917: BARKLA, CHARLES GLOVER, Great Britain, Edinburgh University, * 1877, + 1944: "för hans upptäckt av den karakteristiska röntgenstrålningen hos elementen"; "for his discovery of the characteristic Röntgen radiation of the elements". The prize for 1918: Reserved. THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1919 The prize for 1918: PLANCK, MAX KARL ERNST LUDWIG, Germany, Berlin University, * 1858, + 1947: "såsom ett erkännande av den förtjänst han genom upptäckten av elementarkvanta inlagt om fysikens utveckling"; "in recognition of the services he rendered to the advancement of Physics by his discovery of energy quanta". The prize for 1919: STARK, JOHANNES, Germany, Greifswald University, * 1874, + 1957: "för hans upptäckt av dopplereffekten hos kanalstrålar och av spektrallinjers uppdelning i elektriska fält"; "for his discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1920 GUILLAUME, CHARLES EDOUARD, Switzerland, Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (International Bureau of Weights and Measures), Sèvres, * 1861, + 1938: "såsom ett erkännande av den förtjänst han genom upptäckten av nickelstållegeringarnas anomalier inlagt om precisionsfysiken"; "in recognition of the service he has rendered to precision measurements in Physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1921 Reserved. THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1922 The prize for 1921: EINSTEIN, ALBERT, Germany and Switzerland, Kaiser-WilhelmInstitut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Physik, Berlin, * 1879, + 1955: "för hans förtjänster om den teoretiska fysiken, särskilt hans upptäckt av lagen för den fotoelektriska effekten"; "for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect". The prize for 1922: BOHR, NIELS, Denmark, Copenhagen University, * 1885, + 1962: "för hans förtjänster om utforskandet av atomernas struktur och den från dem utgående strålningen"; "for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1923 MILLIKAN, ROBERT ANDREWS, U.S.A., California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, * 1868, + 1953: "för hans arbeten rörande den elektriska enhetsladdningen samt den fotoelektriska effekten"; "for his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1924 Reserved. THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1925 The prize for 1924: SIEGBAHN, KARL MANNE GEORG, Sweden, Uppsala University, * 1886, + 1978: "för hans röntgenspektroskopiska upptäckter och forskningar"; "for his discoveries and researchin the field of X-ray spectroscopy". The prize for 1925: Reserved. THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1926 The prize for 1925 was awarded jointly to: FRANCK, JAMES, Germany, Goettingen University, * 1882, + 1964; and HERTZ, GUSTAV, Germany, Halle University, * 1887, + 1975: "med anledning av deras upptäckt av lagarna för stöten mellan en elektron och en atom"; "for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom". The prize for 1926: PERRIN, JEAN BAPTISTE, France, Sorbonne University, Paris, * 1870, + 1942: "för hans arbeten rörande materiens diskontinuerliga struktur, särskilt för hans upptäckt av sedimentationsjämvikten"; "for his work on the discontinuous structure of matter, and especially for his discovery of sedimentation equilibrium". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1927 The prize was divided equally between: COMPTON, ARTHUR HOLLY, U.S.A., Chicago University, * 1892, + 1962: "för hans upptäckt av den efter honom benämnda effekten"; "for his discovery of the effect named after him"; and WILSON, CHARLES THOMSON REES, Great Britain, Cambridge University, * 1869 (in Glencorse, Scotland), + 1959: "för upptäckten av hans metod att genom ångkondensation göra elektriskt laddade partiklars banor iakttagbara"; "for his method of making the paths of electrically charged particles visible by condensation of vapour". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1928 Reserved. THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1929 The prize for 1928: RICHARDSON, Sir OWEN WILLANS, Great Britain, London University, * 1879, + 1959: "för hans arbeten rörande termjonfenomenet och särskilt för upptäckten av den efter honom benämnda lagen"; "for his work on the thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of the law named after him". The prize for 1929: DE BROGLIE, Prince LOUIS-VICTOR, France, Sorbonne University, Institut Henri Poincaré, Paris, * 1892, + 1987: "för upptäckten av elektronernas vågnatur"; "for his discovery of the wave nature of electrons". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1930 RAMAN, Sir CHANDRASEKHARA VENKATA, India, Calcutta University, * 1888, + 1970: "för hans arbeten angående ljusets diffusion och för upptäckten av den efter honom uppkallade effekten"; "for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1931 Reserved. THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1932 The prize money for 1931 was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section. The prize for 1932: Reserved. THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1933 The prize for 1932: HEISENBERG, WERNER, Germany, Leipzig University, * 1901, + 1976: "för uppställande av kvantmekaniken, vars användning bl.a. lett till upptäckten av vätets allotropa former"; "for the creation of quantum mechanics, the applica-tion of which has, inter alia, led to the discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen". The prize for 1933 was awarded jointly to: SCHRÖDINGER, ERWIN, Austria, Berlin University, Germany, * 1887, + 1961; and DIRAC, PAUL ADRIEN MAURICE, Great Britain, Cambridge University, * 1902, + 1984: "för upptäckandet av nya fruktbärande former av atomteorien"; "for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1934 Reserved. THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1935 The prize money for 1934 was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section. The prize for 1935: CHADWICK, Sir JAMES, Great Britain, Liverpool University, * 1891, + 1974: "för upptäckten av neutronen"; "for the discovery of the neutron". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1936 The prize was divided equally between: HESS, VICTOR FRANZ, Austria, Innsbruck University, * 1883, + 1964: "för upptäckten av den kosmiska strålningen"; "for his discovery of cosmic radiation"; and ANDERSON, CARL DAVID, U.S.A., California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, * 1905, + 1991: "för upptäckten av positronen"; "for his discovery of the positron". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1937 The prize was awarded jointly to: DAVISSON, CLINTON JOSEPH, U.S.A., Bell Telephone Laboratories, New York, NY, * 1881, + 1958; and THOMSON, Sir GEORGE PAGET, Great Britain, London Universi ty, * 1892, + 1975: "för den experimentella upptäckten av interferensfenomenet vid kristallers bestrålning med elektroner"; "for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1938 FERMI, ENRICO, Italy, Rome University, * 1901, + 1954: "för hans påvisande av nya radioaktiva grundämnen, framställda genom neutronbestrålning, och hans i anslutning därtill gjorda upptäckt av kärnreaktioner, åstadkomna genom långsamma neutroner"; "for his demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation, and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1939 LAWRENCE, ERNEST ORLANDO, U.S.A., University of California, Berkeley, CA, * 1901, + 1958: "för uppfinningen av cyklotronen, dess utveckling och med densamma vunna resultat, särskilt beträffande artificiellt radioaktiva element"; "for the invention and development of the cyclotron and for results obtained with it, especially with regard to artifi cial radioactive elements". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1940 The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section. THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1941 The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section. THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1942 The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section. THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1943 Reserved. THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1944 The prize for 1943: STERN, OTTO, U.S.A., Carnegie Institute of Technology, Pittsburg, PA, * 1888 (in Sorau, then Germany), + 1969: "för hans bidrag till utveckling av molekylstrålemetoden och upptäckten av protonens magnetiska moment"; "for his contribution to the development of the molecular ray method and his discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton". The prize for 1944: RABI, ISIDOR ISAAC, U.S.A., Columbia University, New York, NY, * 1898, (in Rymanow, then Austria-Hungary) + 1988: "för den av honom angivna resonansmetoden för registrering av atomkärnans magnetiska egenskaper"; "for his resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1945 PAULI, WOLFGANG, Austria, Princeton University, NJ, U.S.A., * 1900, + 1958: "för upptäckten av uteslutningsprincipen, även benämnd Pauliprincipen"; "for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle, also called the Pauli Principle". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1946 BRIDGMAN, PERCY WILLIAMS, U.S.A., Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, * 1882, + 1961: "för uppfinningen av en apparatur för åstadkommande av extremt höga tryck för de upptäckter han med densamma gjort inom området för de höga tryckens fysik"; "for the invention of an apparatus to produce extremely high pressures, and for the discoveries he made therewith in the field of high pressure physics". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1947 APPLETON, Sir EDWARD VICTOR, Great Britain, Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, London, * 1892, + 1965: "för hans arbeten rörande atmosfärens fysik, särskilt för upptäckten av det s.k. 'Appletonskiktet'"; "for his investigations of the physics of the upper atmosphere especially for the discovery of the so-called Appleton layer". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1948 BLACKETT, Lord PATRICK MAYNARD STUART, Great Britain, Victoria University, Manchester, * 1897, + 1974: "för hans utveckling av Wilsonmetoden och hans därmed gjorda upptäckter inom kärnfysiken och rörande den kosmiska strålningen"; "for his development of the Wilson cloud chamber method, and his discoveries therewith in the fields of nuclear physics and cosmic radiation". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1949 YUKAWA, HIDEKI, Japan, Kyoto Imperial University and Columbia University, New York, NY, U.S.A., * 1907, + 1981: "för hans på grundval av teoretiska arbeten rörande kärnkrafterna gjorda förutsägelse av mesonernas existens"; "for his prediction of the existence of mesons on the basis of theoretical work on nuclear forces". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1950 POWELL, CECIL FRANK, Great Britain, Bristol University, * 1903, + 1969: "för hans utveckling av den fotografiska metoden för studiet av kärnprocesser och hans därvid gjorda upptäckter rörande mesonerna"; "for his development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and his discoveries regarding mesons made with this method". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1951 The prize was awarded jointly to: COCKCROFT, Sir JOHN DOUGLAS, Great Britain, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell, Didcot, Berks., * 1897, + 1967; and WALTON, ERNEST THOMAS SINTON, Ireland, Dublin University, * 1903: "för deras pionjärarbete vid genomförandet av kärnomvandlingar medelst artificiellt accelererade partiklar"; "for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially acce lerated atomic particles". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1952 The prize was awarded jointly to: BLOCH, FELIX, U.S.A., Stanford University, Stanford, CA, * 1905 (in Zürich, Switzerland), + 1983; and PURCELL, EDWARD MILLS, U.S.A., Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, * 1912: "för deras utveckling av nya metoder för kärnmagnetiska precisionsmätningar och därmed gjorda upptäckter"; "for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discove ries in connection therewith". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1953 ZERNIKE, FRITS (FREDERIK), the Netherlands, Groningen University, * 1888, + 1966: "för den av honom angivna faskontrastmetoden, särskilt för hans uppfinning av faskontrastmikroskopet"; "for his demonstration of the phase contrast method, especially for his invention of the phase contrast microscope". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1954 The prize was divided equally between: BORN, MAX, Great Britain, Edinburgh University, * 1882 (in Breslau, then Germany), + 1970: "för hans grundläggande arbeten inom kvantmekaniken, särskilt hans statistiska tolkning av vågfunktionen"; "for his fundamental research in quantum mechanics, especially for his statistical interpretation of the wavefunction"; and BOTHE, WALTHER, Germany, Heidelberg University, Max-Planck Institut (former Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut) für medizinische Forschung, Heidelberg, * 1891, + 1957: "för koincidensmetoden och hans därmed gjorda upptäckter"; "for the coincidence method and his discoveries made therewith". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1955 The prize was divided equally between: LAMB, WILLIS EUGENE, U.S.A., Stanford University, Stanford, CA, * 1913: "för hans upptäckter rörande finstrukturen i vätets spektrum"; "for his discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum"; and KUSCH, POLYKARP, U.S.A., Columbia University, New York, NY, * 1911 (in Blankenburg, then Germany), + 1993: "för hans precisionsbestämning av elektronens magnetiska moment"; "for his precision determination of the magnetic moment of the electron". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1956 The prize was awarded jointly, one third each, to: SHOCKLEY, WILLIAM, U.S.A., Semiconductor Laboratory of Beckman Instruments, Inc., Mountain View, CA, * 1910 (in London, Great Britain), + 1989; BARDEEN, JOHN, U.S.A., University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, * 1908, + 1991; and BRATTAIN, WALTER HOUSER, U.S.A., Bell Telephone Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ, * 1902, + 1987: "för deras undersökningar över halvledare och upptäckt av transistor effekten"; "for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1957 The prize was awarded jointly to: YANG, CHEN NING, China, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ, U.S.A., * 1922; and LEE, TSUNG-DAO, China, Columbia University, New York, NY, U.S.A., *1926: "för deras djupgående undersökning av de s.k. paritetslagarna, vilken har lett till viktiga upptäckter rörande elementarpartiklarna"; "for their penetratinginvestigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary partic les". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1958 The prize was awarded jointly to: CHERENKOV, PAVEL ALEKSEYEVICH, USSR, Physics Institute of USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow, *1904, + 1990; FRANK, IL'JA MIKHAILOVICH, USSR, University of Moscow and Physics Institute of USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow, * 1908, + 1990; and TAMM, IGOR YEVGENYEVICH, USSR, University of Moscow and Physics Institute of USSR Academy of Scien-ces, Moscow, * 1885, + 1971: "för upptäckten och tolkningen av Cherenkoveffekten"; "for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1959 The prize was awarded jointly to: SEGRÈ, EMILIO GINO, U.S.A., University of California, Berkeley, CA, * 1905 (in Tivoli, Italy), + 1989; and CHAMBERLAIN, OWEN, U.S.A., University of California, Berkeley, CA, * 1920: "för deras upptäckt av antiprotonen"; "for their discovery of the antiproton". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1960 GLASER, DONALD A., U.S.A., University of California, Berkeley, CA, * 1926: "för uppfinningen av bubbelkammaren"; "for the invention of the bubble chamber". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1961 The prize was divided equally between: HOFSTADTER, ROBERT, U.S.A., Stanford University, Stanford, CA, * 1915, + 1990: "för hans banbrytande undersökningar över elektronspridningen mot atomkärnor och därvid gjorda upptäckter rörande nukleonernas struktur"; "for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the stucture of the nucleons"; and MÖSSBAUER, RUDOLF LUDWIG, Germany, Technische Hochschule, Munich, and California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, U.S.A., * 1929: "för hans undersökningar rörande gammastrålningens resonansabsorption och därvid gjorda upptäckt av den efter honom benämnda effekten"; "for his researches concerning the resonance absorption of gamma radiation and his discovery in this connection of the effect which bears his name". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1962 LANDAU, LEV DAVIDOVICH, USSR, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, * 1908, + 1968: "för hans banbrytande teorier för kondenserad materia, särskilt flytande helium"; "for his pioneering theories for condensed matter, especially liquid helium". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1963 The prize was divided, one half being awarded to: WIGNER, EUGENE P., U.S.A., Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, * 1902 (in Budapest, Hungary), U 1995: "för hans insatser inom teorien för atomkärnorna och elementarpartiklarna, särskilt genom upptäckten och tillämpningen av fundamentala symmetriprinciper"; "for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles"; and the other half jointly to: GOEPPERT-MAYER, MARIA, U.S.A., University of California, La Jolla, CA, * 1906 (in Kattowitz, then Germany), + 1972; and JENSEN, J. HANS D., Germany, University of Heidelberg, * 1907, + 1973: "för deras upptäckter beträffande atomkärnornas skalstruktur"; "for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1964 The prize was divided, one half being awarded to: TOWNES, CHARLES H., U.S.A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) , Cambridge, MA, * 1915; and the other half jointly to: BASOV, NICOLAY GENNADIYEVICH, USSR, Lebedev Institute for Physics, Akademija Nauk, Moscow, * 1922; and PROKHOROV, ALEKSANDR MIKHAILOVICH, USSR, Lebedev Institute for Physics, Akademija Nauk, Moscow, * 1916: "för grundläggande arbeten inom kvantelektroniken, som lett till framställning av oscillatorer och förstärkare enligt maser-laserprincipen"; "for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1965 The prize was awarded jointly to: TOMONAGA, SIN-ITIRO, Japan, Tokyo, University of Education, Tokyo, * 1906, + 1979; SCHWINGER, JULIAN, U.S.A., Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, * 1918, U 1994; and FEYNMAN, RICHARD P., U.S.A., California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, * 1918, + 1988: "för deras fundamentala insats inom kvantelektrodynamiken, med djupgående konsekvenser för elementarpartikelfysiken"; "for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1966 KASTLER, ALFRED, France, École Normale Supérieure, Université de Paris, * 1902, + 1984: "för upptäckt och utveckling av optiska metoder för studiet av hertzska resonanser i atomer"; "for the discovery and development of optical methods for studying hertzian resonances in atoms". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1967 BETHE, HANS ALBRECHT, U.S.A., Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, * 1906 (in Strasbourg, then Germany): "för hans insatser inom teorien för kärnreaktioner, särskilt hans upptäckter rörande energialstringen i stjärnorna"; "for his contributions to the theory ofnuclear reactions, especially his discoveries concerning the energy production in stars". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1968 ALVAREZ, LUIS W., U.S.A., University of California, Berkeley, CA, * 1911, + 1988: "för hans avgörande insatser inom elementarpartikelfysiken, särskilt upptäckten av ett stort antal resonanstillstånd, möjliggjord genom hans utveckling av tekniken med vätebubbelkammare och dataanalys"; "for his decisive contributions to elementary particle physics, in particular the discovery of a large number of resonance states, made possible through his development of the technique of using hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1969 GELL-MANN, MURRAY, U.S.A., California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, * 1929: "för hans bidrag och upptäckter beträffande klassificeringen av elementarpartiklarna och deras växelverkan"; "for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1970 The prize was divided equally between: ALFVÉN, HANNES, Sweden, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, * 1908, U 1995: "för grundläggande insatser och upptäckter inom magnetohydrodynamiken med fruktbärande tillämpningar inom olika områden av plasmafysiken"; "for fundamental work and discoveries in magneto-hydrodynamics with fruitful applications in different parts of plasma physics"; and NÉEL, LOUIS, France, University of Grenoble, Grenoble, * 1904: "för grundläggande insatser och upptäckter rörande antiferromagnetism och ferrimagnetism som lett till betydelsefulla tillämpningar inom det fasta tillståndets fysik"; "for fundamental work and discoveries concerning antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism which have led to important applications in solid state physics". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1971 GABOR, DENNIS, Great Britain, Imperial College of Science and Technology, London, * 1900 (in Budapest, Hungary), + 1979: "för hans uppfinning och utveckling av den holografiska metoden"; "for his invention and development of the holographic method". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1972 The prize was awarded jointly to: BARDEEN, JOHN, U.S.A., University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, * 1908, + 1991; COOPER, LEON N., U.S.A., Brown University, Providence, RI, * 1930; and SCHRIEFFER, J. ROBERT, U.S.A., University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, * 1931: "för den av dem gemensamt utvecklade teorien för supraledningsfenomenet, vanligen kallad BCS-teorien"; "for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1973 The prize was divided, one half being equally shared between: ESAKI, LEO, Japan, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, U.S.A., * 1925; and GIAEVER, IVAR, U.S.A., General Electric Company, Schenectady, NY, * 1929 (in Bergen, Norway), "för deras experimentella upptäckter rörande tunnelfenomenet i halvledare, respektive supraledare"; "for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors, respectively", and the other half to: JOSEPHSON, BRIAN D., Great Britain, Cambridge University, Cambridge, * 1940: "för hans teoretiska förutsägelser av egenskaperna hos en supraström genom en tunnelbarriär, särskilt de fenomen vilka allmänt benämnas Josephson-effekterna"; "for his theoretical predictions of the properties of a supercurrent through a tunnel barrier, in particular those phenomena which are generally known as the Josephson effects". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1974 The prize was awarded jointly to: RYLE, Sir MARTIN, Great Britain, Cambridge University, Cambridge, * 1918, + 1984; and HEWISH, ANTONY, Great Britain, Cambridge University, Cambridge, * 1924: "för deras banbrytande arbeten inom radioastrofysiken: Ryle för hans observationer och uppfinningar, särskilt apertursyntestekniken, och Hewish för hans avgörande insatser vid upptäckten av pulsarerna"; "for their pioneering research in radio astrophysics: Ryle for his observations and inventions, in particular of the aperture synthesis technique, and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1975 The prize was awarded jointly to: BOHR, AAGE, Denmark, Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen, * 1922; MOTTELSON, BEN, Denmark, Nordita, Copenhagen, * 1926 (in Chicago, U.S.A.); and RAINWATER, JAMES, U.S.A., Columbia University, New York, NY, * 1917, + 1986: "för upptäckten av sambandet mellan kollektiva rörelser och partikelrörelser i atomkärnor, samt den därpå baserade utvecklingen av teorien för atomkärnans struktur"; "for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1976 The prize was divided equally between: RICHTER, BURTON, U.S.A., Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA, * 1931; TING, SAMUEL C. C., U.S.A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, (European Center for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland), * 1936: "för deras ledande insatser vid upptäckten av en tung elementarpartikel av nytt slag"; "for their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1977 The prize was divided equally between: ANDERSON, PHILIP W., U.S.A., Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ, * 1923; MOTT, Sir NEVILL F., Great Britain, Cambridge University, Cambridge, * 1905; and VAN VLECK, JOHN H., U.S.A., Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, * 1899, + 1980: "för deras grundläggande teoretiska insatser rörande elektronstrukturen i magnetiska och oordnade system"; "for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1978 The prize was divided, one half being awarded to: KAPITSA, PYOTR LEONIDOVICH, USSR, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, * 1894, + 1984: "för hans grundläggande uppfinningar och upptäckter inom lågtemperaturfysiken"; "for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics"; and the other half divided equally between: PENZIAS, ARNO A., U.S.A., Bell Laboratories, Holmdel, NJ, * 1933 (in Munich, Germany); and WILSON, ROBERT W., U.S.A., Bell Laboratories, Holmdel, NJ, * 1936: "för deras upptäckt av den kosmiska bakgrunden av mikrovågor"; "for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1979 The prize was divided equally between: GLASHOW, SHELDON L., U.S.A., Lyman Laboratory, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, * 1932; SALAM, ABDUS, Pakistan, International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, and Imperial College of Science and Technology, London, Great Britain, * 1926; and WEINBERG, STEVEN, U.S.A., Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, * 1933: "för deras insatser inom teorin för förenad svag och elektromagnetisk växelverkan mellan elementar partiklar, innefattande bl.a. förutsägelsen av den svaga neutrala strömmen"; "for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including inter alia the prediction of the weak neutral current". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1980 The prize was divided equally between: CRONIN, JAMES, W., U.S.A., University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, * 1931; and FITCH, VAL L., U.S.A., Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, * 1923: "för upptäckten av brott mot fundamentala symmetriprinciper i neutrala K-mesoners sönderfall"; "for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1981 The prize was awarded by one half jointly to: BLOEMBERGEN, NICOLAAS, U.S.A., Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, * 1920 (in the Netherlands); and SCHAWLOW, ARTHUR L., U.S.A., Stanford University, Stanford, CA, * 1921: "för deras bidrag till utvecklingen av laserspektroskopien"; "for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy"; and the other half to: SIEGBAHN, KAI M., Sweden, Uppsala University, Uppsala, * 1918: "för hans bidrag till utvecklingen av den högupplösande elektronspektroskopien"; "for his contribution to the development of high- resolution electron spectroscopy". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1982 WILSON, KENNETH G., U.S.A., Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, * 1936: "för hans teori för kritiska fenomen vid fasomvandlingar"; "for his theory for critical phenomena in connection with phase transitions". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1983 The prize was awarded by one half to: CHANDRASEKHAR, SUBRAMANYAN, U.S.A., University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, * 1910 (in Lahore, India): "för hans teoretiska studier av de fysikaliska processer, som är av betydelse för stjärnornas struktur och utveckling"; "for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars". and by the other half to: FOWLER, WILLIAM A., U.S.A., California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, * 1911, U 1995: "för hans teoretiska och experimentella studier av de kärnreaktioner, som är av betydelse för de kemiska elementens bildning i universum"; "for his theoretical and experimental studies of the nuclear reactions of importance in the formation of the chemical elements in the universe". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1984 The prize was awarded jointly to: RUBBIA, CARLO, Italy, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, * 1934; and VAN DER MEER, SIMON, the Netherlands, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, * 1925: "för deras avgörande insatser i det stora projekt, som lett till upptäckten av fältpartiklarna W och Z, förmedlare av svag växelverkan"; "for their decisive contributions to the large project, which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z, communicators of weak interaction". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1985 VON KLITZING, KLAUS, Federal Republic of Germany, Max-PlanckInstitute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, * 1943: "för upptäckten av den kvantiserade Halleffekten"; "for the discovery of the quantized Hall effect". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1986 The prize was awarded by one half to: RUSKA, ERNST, Federal Republic of Germany, Fritz- Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, * 1906, + 1988: "för hans fundamentala elektronoptiska arbeten och konstruktionen av det första elektronmikroskopet"; "for his fundamental work in electron optics, and for the design of the first electron microscope". and the other half jointly to: BINNIG, GERD, Federal Republic of Germany, IBM Zürich Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland, * 1947; and ROHRER, HEINRICH, Switzerland, IBM Zürich Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland, * 1933: "för deras konstruktion av sveptunnelmikroskopet"; "for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1987 The prize was awarded jointly to: BEDNORZ, J. GEORG, Federal Republic of Germany, IBM Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland, * 1950; and MÜLLER, K. ALEXANDER, Switzerland, IBM Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland, * 1927: "för deras banbrytande upptäckt av supraledning i keramiska material"; "for their important breakthrough in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1988 The prize was awarded jointly to: LEDERMAN, LEON M., U.S.A., Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL, * 1922; SCHWARTZ, MELVIN, U.S.A., Digital Pathways, Inc., Mountain View, CA, * 1932; and STEINBERGER, JACK, U.S.A., CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, * 1921 (in Bad Kissingen, FRG): "för metoden med neutrinostrålar och påvisandet av leptonernas dubblettstruktur genom upptäckten av myonneutrinon"; "for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1989 The prize was awarded by one half to: RAMSEY, NORMAN F., U.S.A., Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, * 1915: "för uppfinningen av metoden med separerade oscillerande fält och dess användning i vätemasern och andra atomklockor"; "for the invention of the separated oscillatory fields method and its use in the hydrogen maser and other atomic clocks". and the other half jointly to: DEHMELT, HANS G., U.S.A., University of Washington, Seattle, WA, * 1922 (in Görlitz, Germany); and PAUL, WOLFGANG, Federal Republic of Germany, University of Bonn, Bonn, * 1913, U 1993: "för utvecklingen av jonfälletekniken"; "for the development of the ion trap technique". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1990 The prize was awarded jointly to: FRIEDMAN, JEROME I., U.S.A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, * 1930; KENDALL, HENRY W., U.S.A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, * 1926; and TAYLOR, RICHARD E., Canada, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, U.S.A., * 1929: "för deras banbrytande undersökningar rörande starkt inelastisk spridning av elektroner mot protoner och bundna neutroner, vilka haft en avgörande betydelse för utvecklingen av kvarkmodellen inom partikelfysiken"; "for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1991 de GENNES, PIERRE-GILLES, France, Collège de France, Paris, * 1932: "för upptäckten att metoder, som utvecklats för att beskriva ordning i enkla system, kan generaliseras till att gälla mer komplicerade former av materia, särskilt flytande kristaller och polymerer"; "for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter, in particular to liquid crystals and polymers". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1992 CHARPAK, GEORGES, France, École Supérieure de Physique et Chimie, Paris and CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, * 1924 ( in Poland): "för hans uppfinning och utveckling av partikeldetektorer, särskilt flertrådsproportionalkammaren"; "for his invention and development of particle detectors, in particular the multiwire proportional chamber". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1993 The prize was awarded jointly to: HULSE, RUSSELL A., U.S.A., Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, * 1950, and TAYLOR Jr., JOSEPH H., U.S.A., Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, * 1941: "för upptäckten av en ny typ av pulsar, en upptäckt som öppnat nya möjligheter för studiet av gravitationen"; "for the discovery of a new type of pulsar, a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1994 The prize was awarded "för pionjärinsatser vid utvecklingen av neutronspridningsmetoder för studier av kondenserad materia"; "for pioneering contributions to the development of neutron scattering techniques for studies of condensed matter" by one half to: BROCKHOUSE, BERTRAM N., Canada, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, * 1918: "för utveckling av neutronspektroskopin"; "for the development of neutron spectroscopy" and by the other half to: SHULL, CLIFFORD G., U.S.A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, * 1915: "för utveckling av neutrondiffraktionstekniken"; "for the development of the neutron diffraction technique".
OnlineFizik - Fizik Ve Fizik Eðitimi - Fizik Konularý - 1971 - 1980 Yýllarý
josephson, brian D., Ingiletere, Cambridge Üniversitesi, Cambridge, d.1940 Yayginolarak josephson etkileri olarak da anilan, bir tünel engelinden geçen
http://www.onlinefizik.com/content/view/112/28/
ASÍ FUNCIONA
Translate this page Jensen, J. Hans D. (Compartido), Alemania, 1963. josephson, brian D. (Compartido),Inglaterra, 1973. Kapitsa, Pyotr (Compartido), URSS, 1978
http://www.asifunciona.com/que_quien/nf_apellido/nobel_fisica_apellidos.htm

Extractions: APELLIDO - NOMBRE PAÍS AÑO Abrikosov, Alexei A. (Compartido) EE.UU. - Rusia Alferov, Zhores I. (Compartido) Rusia Suecia EE.UU. Anderson, Carl D. (Compartido) EE.UU Anderson, Philip W. (Compartido) EE.UU. Appleton, Edward V. Inglaterra Bardeen, John (Compartido) EE.UU. Bardeen, John (Compartido) EE.UU. Barkla, Charles Glover Inglaterra Basov, Nicolay G. (Compartido) URSS Becquerel, Henri (Compartido) Francia Bednorz, J. Georg (Compartido) Alemania Bethe, Hans EE.UU. Alemania Blackett, Patrick M. S. Inglaterra Bloch, Felix (Compartido) EE.UU. Bloembergen, Nicolaas (Compartido) EE.UU. Bohr, Aage N. (Compartido) Dinamarca Bohr, Niels Dinamarca Born, Max (Compartido) Inglaterra Bothe, Walther (Compartido) Alemania Bragg, Lawrence (Compartido) Inglaterra Bragg, William (Compartido) Inglaterra Brattain, Walter H. (Compartido) EE.UU Braun, Ferdinand (Compartido) Alemania Bridgman, Percy W. EE.UU. Brockhouse, Bertram N. (Compartido) Chadwick, James Inglaterra Chamberlain, Owen (Compartido) EE.UU Chandrasekhar, Subramanyan (Compartido) EE.UU
JET Thermal Products Home Page
brian D. josephson wrote Fusion alternative to fossil fuels ; Sir In regard tothe letter of xxx xxxxxxx (1 June), nuclear fusion already works the way
http://world.std.com/~mica/jet.html

Extractions: Asymmetric Electrolysis At a Spiral Wound Cathode This figure demonstrates an important finding of this system - asymmetric electrolysis which is seen on only one side of the cathode (which is facing the anode). In this high voltage system (~1500 volts), videos (including those shown at ICCF-10 by Dr. Mitchell Swartz, of which the above figure is a single frame grab) have demonstrated that cathodic electrolysis bubbling occurs, if the conditions are appropriate, almost solely on the anode-side (left hand portion of the spiral wound cathode in the photo) of this PHUSOR palladium cathode. As shown above, this JET Phusor system is different from others in the field. The figure also heralds the forced movement of the loaded deuterons through the loaded metal. This creates a deuteron current through the palladium electrode.

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