Extractions: @import "/css/default.css"; Home Your account Current issue Archives ... Email to a friend Letter As members of the international community of intellectuals and scholars we are shocked by the recent indictment and the imminent trial of three dissident leaders, Adam Michnik, Bogdan Lis, and Wladyslaw Frasyniuk. These actions indicate that our hopes for a more tolerant attitude toward free speech in Poland have been unfounded. These leaders, already imprisoned for two months, have been charged with inciting public unrest for merely discussing the possibility of calling a fifteen-minute general strike to protest food price increases. The strike, as you know, never even occurred. Among those jailed is the historian Adam Michnik. A noted author and theorist of democracy, Michnik has devoted a lifetime to nonviolent protest on behalf of economic, cultural, and political freedom. He has already spent several years in prison in Poland. His release last summer was interpreted by some as a harbinger of liberalization. Mr. Michnik's reimprisonment, so suddenly, obviously belies this view. We strongly protest the imprisonment of Mr. Michnik and his colleagues. Any government which responds to the peaceful dissent of intellectuals through forceful detainment violates international standards of human rights and in so doing alienates itself from individuals and institutions in the world for whom such rights are sacrosanct. We demand that the Polish government adopt a genuine program of liberalization and begin by releasing Mr. Michnik and his colleagues.
Les Prix Nobel Juifs The nobel Prizes are awarded by the nobel Foundation of Sweden to men 1972leon N. cooper 1973 - Brian David Josephson 1975 - Benjamin Mottleson http://harissa.com/D_forum/Autres/lesprixnobel.htm
Superconductivity Onnes would later win the nobel prize for this work. when John Bardeen, leon N.cooper, and J. Robert Schrieffer published a theory that would also win http://www.vectorsite.net/ttspcon.html
Extractions: Index Sitemap Home SiteSearch ... Email Comments v2.0.3 / 01 may 04 / greg goebel / public domain * "Superconductivity" is the state in which a material has literally no resistance to electrical current. The phenomenon was discovered early in the 20th century, but for most of the following decades it remained little more than a curiosity. The materials that exhibited superconductive behavior only did so if they were cooled to within a few degrees of absolute zero, which limited their use to highly specialized applications. Interest in superconductivity skyrocketed in the late 1980s when materials were discovered that remained superconductive at relatively high temperatures, but after the initial excitement wore off, development of practical applications proved painfully slow. However, by the end of the century, work towards applications of superconductive materials in power electric systems, sensors, and digital electronics finally seemed to be on track. This document provides an overview of superconductive principles, materials, and applications. [1] THE DISCOVERY OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY / HTS [4] JOSEPHSON JUNCTION LOGIC SYSTEMS * Superconductivity was discovered in 1911 by Dutch physicist Heike Kammerlingh Onnes. He discovered that when mercury was cooled by liquid helium to 4 degrees Kelvin, it lost all resistance to electrical current. Onnes would later win the Nobel prize for this work. Later research showed that many metals, such as tin, lead, and niobium, were also superconductive when cooled to extremely low temperatures.
Nobel Laureates: Princeton University Physics Department nobel LAUREATE 1972 (with leon N. cooper John R. Schrieffer) For their jointlydeveloped theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCStheory http://www.physics.princeton.edu/www/jh/history/nobel/nobel_laureates.html
The Hindu : Nobel Laureates In Physics: Down Memory Lane 1972 JOHN BARDEEN, leon N. cooper and J. ROBERT SCHRIEFFER for their developedtheory of superconductivity, usually called BCS theory. http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/2001/10/11/stories/08110005.htm
Extractions: Front Page National Southern States Other States ... Next 2001 WOLFGANG KETTERLE, ERIC CORNELL AND CARL WEIMANN for their achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates. 2000-1991 2000 ZHORES I. ALFEROV, and HERBERT KROEMER for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto- electronics and JACK ST. CLAIR KILBY for his part in invention of the integrated circuit. 1999 GERARDUS 'T HOOFT, and MARTINUS J.G. VELTMAN for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics. 1998 ROBERT B. LAUGHLIN, HORST L. STORMER and DANIEL C. TSUI for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations. 1997 STEVEN CHU, CLAUDE COHEN-TANNOUDJI and WILLIAM D. PHILLIPS for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light. 1996 DAVID M. LEE, DOUGLAS D. OSHEROFF and ROBERT C. RICHARDSON for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3.
GK- National Network Of Education nobel Prize Winners cooper, leon N. 1972. Bardeen, John, 1972. Esaki, Leo,1973. Giaever, Ivar, 1973. Josephson, Brian D. 1973. Ryle, Sir Martin, 1974 http://www.indiaeducation.info/infomine/nobel/nobelarchive.htm
Extractions: Chemistry Literature Medicine Peace ... Economics Chemistry Hoff, Jacobus Henricus Van't Fischer, Hermann Emil Arrhenius, Svante August Ramsay, Sir William Baeyer, Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf Von Moissan, Henri Buchner, Eduard Rutherford, Lord Ernest Ostwald, Wilhelm Wallach, Otto Curie, Marie Sabatier, Paul Grignard, Victor Werner, Alfred Richards, Theodore William
PREMI NOBEL Per La FISICA leon N. cooper. J. Robert Schrieffer. 1973, Leo Esaki. Ivar Giaever I premiNobel. La vita, le scoperte ei successi dei premiati in fisica, chimica, http://www.windoweb.it/guida/scienze/premi_nobel_per_la_fisica.htm
Extractions: Cerca nel sito Benvenuto su WINDOWEB! La Grande Enciclopedia Web Storia Informatica dal 1600 ad oggi Foto per il desktop Quiz I migliori siti per lo Shopping online Immagini e pensieri: dalla poesia al cinema Dossier su grandi temi ....e molto altro ancora! Regali utili e graditi? cd dvd libri cesti natalizi Polizza auto/moto? passa al risparmio V oli e vacanze? confronta i prezzi Costi banca? come guadagnarci Gioca e vinci: scommesse calcio e altri sport Cambio stagione? rinnova il guardaroba Ancora quella suoneria? stupisci gli amici! Farmacia discreta? ricevi a casa o in ufficio Prestiti personali? calcola preventivo Prima pagina Scienze Nobel Fisica Fisica L'assicurazione online costa meno Anno Premi Nobel Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen Pieter Zeeman Hendrik Antoon Lorentz Antoine Henri Becquerel Marie Curie Pierre Curie John William Strutt Rayleigh Philipp Eduard Anton Lenard Joseph John Thomson Albert Abraham Michelson Gabriel Lippmann Carl Ferdinand Braun Guglielmo Marconi Johannes Diderik Van Der Waals Wilhelm Wien Nils Gustaf Dalen Heike Kamerlingh-Onnes Max Von Laue William Henry Bragg William Lawrence Bragg non è stato assegnato Charles Glover Barkla Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck non è stato assegnato Johannes Stark Charles Edouard Guillaume Albert Einstein Niels Bohr Robert Andrews Millikan Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn James Franck Gustav Hertz Jean Baptiste Perrin Arthur Holly Compton Charles Thomson Rees Wilson
About Intel STS | Science Service Science News for Kids. . About STS. Alumni Their Honors. nobel Prize 1947, cooper, leon N. Physics, 1972. 1949, Gilbert, Walter, Chemistry, 1980 http://www.sciserv.org/sts/about/alumni_honors.asp
Extractions: Nobel Prize STS Year Name Honor, Year Mottelson, Ben R. Physics, 1975 Cooper, Leon N. Physics, 1972 Gilbert, Walter Chemistry, 1980 Glashow, Sheldon L. Physics, 1979 Hoffman, Roald Chemistry, 1981 Wilczek, Frank Physics, 2004 Fields Medal STS Year Name Honor, Year Cohen, Paul J. Mathematics, 1966 Mumford, David B. Mathematics, 1974 National Medal of Science STS Year Name Year Breslow, Ronald Cohen, Paul J. Hoffmann, Roald National Medal of Technology STS Year Name Year Kurzweil, Raymond C. MacArthur Fellowship STS Year Name Year Berry, Richard S. Richardson, Jane S. Winfree, Arthur T. Axelrod, Robert Lovins, Amory B. Wilczek, Frank Coleman, Robert Lander, Eric Mumford, David B. Schrag, Daniel P. Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award STS Year Name Year Gilbert, Walter Hood, Leroy E. Elected to the National Academy of Engineering STS Year Name Affiliation Rechtin, Eberhardt Aerospace Corporation Goldman, Alan J. Johns Hopkins University Armstrong, John A. IBM Corporation Sproull, Robert F. Sun Microsystems Leighton, Frank T. Mass. Institute of Technology Elected to the National Academy of Sciences STS Year Name Affiliation Rosenblatt, Murray
Physics Nobel Laureates 1950 - 1974 The first nobel prize in physics was awarded to Wilhelm Röntgen in 1901. cooper, leon N., USA, Brown University, Providence, RI, * 1930; and http://www.matpack.de/Info/Chronics/physics_laureates_3.html
Extractions: POWELL, CECIL FRANK, Great Britain, Bristol University, "for his development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and his discoveries regarding mesons made with this method". The prize was awarded jointly to: COCKCROFT, Sir JOHN DOUGLAS, Great Britain, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell, Didcot, Berks., + 1967; and WALTON, ERNEST THOMAS SINTON, Ireland, Dublin University, "for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially acce lerated atomic particles". The prize was awarded jointly to: BLOCH, FELIX, U.S.A., Stanford University, Stanford, CA, + 1983; and PURCELL, EDWARD MILLS, U.S.A., Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, "for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith". ZERNIKE, FRITS (FREDERIK), the Netherlands, Groningen University, "for his demonstration of the phase contrast method, especially for his invention of the phase contrast microscope". The prize was divided equally between: BORN, MAX, Great Britain, Edinburgh University
The International Peace Group: 41 Nobel Laureates Sign October 1999, 32 nobel laureates in physics urged the Senate to approve the leon N. cooper P James W. Cronin P Robert F. Curl Jr. C Val L. Fitch P http://www.newciv.org/nl/newslog.php/_v84/__show_article/_a000084-000025.htm
Cooper leon N. cooper Professor of Physics. Neural Networks Professor cooper is anobel Laureate, having been awarded the nobel Prize in 1972 jointly with http://www.physics.brown.edu/physics/userpages/faculty/Leon_Cooper/cooper.htm
Extractions: Professor of Physics Neural Networks RESEARCH INTERESTS: Neural Networks: architecture, learning rules, real world applications; Biological basis of memory and learning; visual cortex: comparison of theory and experiment, mean field theories. Foundations of the Quantum Theory. SELECTED PUBLICATIONS: "Memory and Memories: A Physicist's Approach to the Brain," International Journal of Modern Physics, Vol. 15. pp. 4069-4082 (2000). "Structured Long-range Connections Can Provide a Scaffold for Orientation Maps" (with H. Shouval, D.H. Goldberg, J.P. Jones, and M. Beckerman), Journal of Neuroscience (2000). "Formation of Direction Selectivity in Natural Scene Environments" (with H. Shouval and B. Blais), Neural Computation, 12 (5), (2000). "Feedforward Feedback Multiple Neural Networks with Context Driven Recognition," U.S. Patent, January 23, 1999. "Role of Presynaptic Activity in Monocular Deprivation: Comparison of Homosynaptic and Heterosynaptic Mechanisms" (with B.S. Blais and H. Shouval), Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (1999).
Department Of Physics - Brown University leon cooper. (No image available). Title Professor Professor cooper is anobel Laureate, having been awarded the nobel Prize in 1972 jointly with http://www.physics.brown.edu/people/detail.asp?id=5
Gagnants Du Prix Nobel Liste des gagnants du Prix nobel. 1972, leon N. cooper. 1972, Robert Schrieffer.1973, Leo Esaki. 1973, Ivar Giaever. 1973, Brian D. Josephson http://www.mots-croises.ch/Listes/prix_nobel.htm
Extractions: Chimie Jacobus H. van 't Hoff Emil Fischer Svante Arrhenius Sir William Ramsay Adolf von Baeyer Henri Moissan Eduard Buchner Ernest Rutherford Wilhelm Ostwald Otto Wallach Marie Curie Victor Grignard Paul Sabatier Alfred Werner Theodore W. Richards Fritz Haber Walther Nernst Frederick Soddy Francis W. Aston Fritz Pregl Richard Zsigmondy The Svedberg Heinrich Wieland Adolf Windaus Arthur Harden Hans von Euler-Chelpin Hans Fischer Friedrich Bergius Carl Bosch Irving Langmuir Harold C. Urey Peter Debye Norman Haworth Paul Karrer Richard Kuhn Adolf Butenandt Leopold Ruzicka George de Hevesy Otto Hahn Artturi Virtanen John H. Northrop Wendell M. Stanley James B. Sumner Sir Robert Robinson Arne Tiselius William F. Giauque Kurt Alder Otto Diels Edwin M. McMillan Glenn T. Seaborg Archer J. P. Martin Richard L. M. Synge Hermann Staudinger Linus Pauling Vincent du Vigneaud Sir Cyril Hinshelwood Nikolay Semenov Lord Todd Frederick Sanger Jaroslav Heyrovsky Willard F. Libby Melvin Calvin John C. Kendrew Max F. Perutz Giulio Natta Karl Ziegler Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Robert B. Woodward
Extractions: New York Times Tuesday 28 January 2003 Forty-one American Nobel laureates in science and economics issued a declaration yesterday opposing a preventive war against Iraq without wide international support. The statement, four sentences long, argues that an American attack would ultimately hurt the security and standing of the United States, even if it succeeds. The signers, all men, include a number who at one time or another have advised the federal government or played important roles in national security. Among them are Hans A. Bethe, an architect of the atom bomb; Walter Kohn, a former adviser to the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency at the Pentagon; Norman F. Ramsey, a Manhattan Project scientist who readied the Hiroshima bomb and later advised NATO; and Charles H. Townes, former research director of the Institute for Defense Analyses at the Pentagon and chairman of a federal panel that studied how to base the MX missile and its nuclear warheads. In addition to winning Nobel prizes, 18 of the signers have received the National Medal of Science, the nation's highest science honor.
ScienceWeek superconductivity was presented by John Bardeen (19081991), leon N. cooper,and John R. Schrieffer, who all shared the nobel Prize for Physics in 1972. http://scienceweek.com/2004/sc040416-2.htm
Extractions: 1) Throughout the history of superconductivity, optical spectroscopy through the scattering of light by a material has been a vital tool. It was the existence of a gap in the excitation-energy spectrum of electrons, first observed in optical studies, that set Bardeen on the path to the celebrated Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory of superconductivity. That theory, in which electrons move as Cooper pairs, is now the established description of the low-temperature phenomenon. 2) For copper oxides, the transition temperature at which they become superconducting is much higher than in other materials hence the name "high-temperature superconductors". Hwang et al(1) have looked at the so-called optical self-energy of a bismuth-containing copper oxide (known as Bi-2212). This self-energy quantifies the deviation of the measured energy spectrum of electrons in the material from that predicted by the simple Drude theory of elementary metals. In the Drude theory, electrons are treated as hard spheres that travel in straight lines between collisions; deviations from this behavior are thus a measure of the strength of the many-body interactions that the electrons undergo.
The Henry L. Stimson Center - Nobel Prize-winning Scientists In a letter dated March 7, 1997, 46 nobel Prizewinning scientists stated I urge leon N. cooper Johann Deisenhofer Renato Dulbecco Gertrude B. Elion http://www.stimson.org/cbw/?sn=CB20011220133
Letter From Nobel Laureates To Congress Supporting CTBT 1996 nobel Prize, Joseph H. Taylor, Jr. PRINCETON UNIVERSITY 1993 nobel Prize.leon N. cooper BROWN UNIVERSITY 1972 nobel Prize, Arno Penzias BELL LABS http://www.ceip.org/files/projects/npp/resources/ctbtnobel.htm
Extractions: To Senators of the 106th Congress: We urge you to ratify the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. The Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty is central to future efforts to halt the spread of nuclear weapons. Ratification of the Treaty will mark an important advance in uniting the world in an effort to contain and reduce the dangers of nuclear arms. It is imperative that the CTBT be ratified. Philip W. Anderson
32 Nobel Laureates In Physics Back Atomic Test Ban A group of 32 nobel laureates in physics on Tuesday urged the Senate to approve the Stanford University; leon N. cooper, Brown University; Hans Dehmelt, http://www-personal.umich.edu/~sanders/214/other/news/100699nobels-test-ban.html
Extractions: October 6, 1999 Related Article Both Parties Seek Graceful Way to Put Off Nuclear Treaty Vote By WILLIAM J. BROAD group of 32 Nobel laureates in physics on Tuesday urged the Senate to approve the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, calling it "central to future efforts to halt the spread of nuclear weapons." U.S. approval is imperative, the scientists said, and would mark "an important advance in uniting the world in an effort to contain and reduce the dangers of nuclear arms." The plea was conveyed by the American Physical Society, the world's leading group of physicists, which sent letters Tuesday to every senator. Representatives of the group said they knew of no instance in which so many prominent American physicists had shown such unity. "To line up this many physics Nobel laureates is unprecedented," said Dr. Robert L. Park, a physicist at the University of Maryland who directs the group's Washington office. The 32 signers range from hawks to doves, Park pointed out, making the appeal wide and deep. A few are former designers of nuclear arms, a field dominated by physicists. Jerome I. Friedman, the president of the physics group, a Nobel laureate at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and an organizer of the letter, said the test ban "is important for the future of humankind, and therefore has to be taken extremely seriously."
I Premi Nobel Per La Fisica I PREMI nobel PER LA FISICA 1972 John Bardeen, leon N. cooper, Robert Schrieffer 1971 Dennis Gabor 1970 Hannes Alfvén, Louis Néel http://www.castfvg.it/zzz/ids/nobel_fisica.html
Extractions: Torna a inizio pagina Vai ai Premi Nobel per la: Fisica Chimica Medicina Letteratura ... Economia La lista è stata tratta dal sito ufficiale dei "Premi Nobel" , al quale rimando per le ricerche per sezione, per anno o per vincitore; ringrazio il webmaster del NOBEL e-MUSEUM e la Fondazione Nobel per la gentile concessione. Indice dei termini astronomici Homepage
Extractions: News for January 2003 29 January 2003 Forty-one American Nobel laureates have signed a declaration opposing war with Iraq. The declaration was organised by Walter Kohn, a theoretical physicist at the University of California at Santa Barbara, and former adviser to the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency at the Pentagon. The signatories include 19 winners of the physics prize. The declaration reads: "The undersigned oppose a preventive war against Iraq without broad international support. Military operations against Iraq may indeed lead to a relatively swift victory in the short term. But war is characterized by surprise, human loss and unintended consequences. Even with a victory, we believe that the medical, economic, environmental, moral, spiritual, political and legal consequences of an American preventive attack on Iraq would undermine, not protect, US security and standing in the world." The signatories include Norman Ramsey, who worked on the Manhattan Project, and Charles Townes, a former research director of the Institute for Defense Analyses at the Pentagon. Townes was also chairman of a federal panel that studied nuclear warheads.
