41. Past-Life Interpretations We Need All Of Them Titus Rivas explains not everything studied in scholarly reincarnation research can be covered by one single hypothesis. He discusses interpretations from normal and abnormal psychology as well as parapsychology. http://members.lycos.nl/Kritisch/SPRtalk.htm

Lecture for SPR Study Day, London, November 6 th Past-life Interpretations: We need all of them by Titus Rivas Ian Stevenson (by Rebecca Arrington) Ladies and gentlemen, As a Dutch member of the SPR I feel very honoured to have been invited as a speaker on this Study Day, because I consider its subject of great importance. In this respect I would particularly like to thank Mary Rose Barrington and our chairman Donald West For me, reincarnation research became a realistic scholarly concept through the works of Dr. Ian Stevenson . I think his courageous work on young children who claim to remember a previous life will forever remain one of the basic sources for the field. As my fellow lecturers of this Study Day - Roy Stemman Guy Lyon Playfair Archie Roy - have already explained, in a typical Stevensonian case, the child starts to talk about memories of a previous life between the ages of two and four. His or her memories often begin to fade at the age of 6 or 7. The child's statements are frequently accompanied by emotions and behavioral patterns that correspond to the personality the child claims to have been. In many cases there are birthmarks or birth defects in the child's body that seem to be located on approximately the same spot where the claimed previous body was fatally wounded. Also, these cases often involve correct statements about a past life outside the child's environment and unknown to his present family. In several cases, investigators reached the child's family before any attempt at verifying the story was made, and they made written notes of the individual statements. Cases of young children who claim to recall a previous existence, or

42. Null Hypothesis (1 Of 4) The null hypothesis is an hypothesis about a population parameter. The purpose of hypothesis testing is to test the viability of the null hypothesis in the http://davidmlane.com/hyperstat/A29337.html

Null hypothesis (1 of 4) The null hypothesis is an hypothesis about a population parameter. The purpose of hypothesis testing is to test the viability of the null hypothesis in the light of experimental data. Depending on the data, the null hypothesis either will or will not be rejected as a viable possibility. and the null hypothesis is that the parameter equals zero. The null hypothesis is often the reverse of what the experimenter actually believes; it is put forward to allow the data to contradict it. In the experiment on the effect of alcohol, the experimenter probably expects alcohol to have a harmful effect. If the experimental data show a sufficiently large effect of alcohol, then the null hypothesis that alcohol has no effect can be rejected.

43. The Two Source Hypothesis Summary of the dominant synoptic theory by Stephen Carlson. http://www.mindspring.com/~scarlson/synopt/2sh/index.htm

The Two Source Hypothesis Abstract Mark was a source for Matthew and Luke, both of whom also independently used a now lost sayings source called Q. Overview The Two Source Hypothesis ( ) has been the predominant source theory for the synoptic problem for almost a century and half. Originally conceived in Germany by Ch. H. Weisse in 1838, the came to dominate German protestant scholarship after the fall of the Tübingen school with H. J. Holtzmann's endorsement of a related variant in 1863. In the latter part of the 19th century, the Oxford School brought the to English scholarship, culminating in B. H. Streeter's 1924 treatment of the synoptic problem. Now, the commands the support of most biblical critics from all continents and denominations. The derives its name from its postulation of two main sources for the synoptic gospels: a narrative source for the triple tradition and a sayings source for the double tradition. The triple tradition comprises the subject matter jointly related by Matthew, Mark, and Luke. Generally, the triple tradition is characterized by substantial agreements in arrangement and wording among all three gospels with frequent agreements between Mark and Matthew against Luke and between Mark and Luke against Matthew, but a near absence of agreements of Matthew and Luke against Mark. The

44. HyperStat Online: Logic Of Hypothesis Testing Web based materials for teaching statistics. http://davidmlane.com/hyperstat/logic_hypothesis.html

self.name="HSframes"

45. Hypothesis Testing Using Sahpe-Restricted Regression Code for convex and monotone regression, by Mary C. Meyer. http://www.stat.uga.edu/~mmeyer/codehyp.html

Code for Hypothesis Testing using Shape-Restricted Regression Convex Regression Monotone Regression mmeyer@stat.uga.edu The content and opinions expressed on this Web page do not necessarily reflect the views of nor are they endorsed by the University of Georgia or the University System of Georgia.

46. The Dopamine Hypothesis Of Schizophrenia One page article that addresses the theory of increased levels of dopamine in patients who have symptoms of schizophrenia. Bibliography included. http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/neuro/neuro98/202s98-paper2/Frederickson2.html

This paper reflects the research and thoughts of a student at the time the paper was written for a course at Bryn Mawr College. Like other materials on Serendip , it is not intended to be "authoritative" but rather to help others further develop their own explorations. Web links were active as of the time the paper was posted but are not updated Contribute Thoughts Search Serendip for Other Papers Serendip Home Page Biology 202 ... 1998 Second Web Reports On Serendip The Dopamine Hypothesis of Schizophrenia Anne Frederickson Schizophrenia is a disease that has plagued societies around the world for centuries, although it was not given its formal name until 1911. It is characterized by the presence of positive and negative symptoms. Positive symptoms are so named because of the presence of altered behaviors, such as delusions, hallucinations (usually auditory), extreme emotions, excited motor activity, and incoherent thoughts and speech. In contrast, negative symptoms are described as a lack of behaviors, such as emotion, speech, social interaction, and action. These symptoms are by no means concrete. Not all schizophrenic patients will exhibit all or even a majority of these symptoms, and there is some disagreement in the psychiatric community as to the exact diagnostic criteria. In addition, there is a great deal of debate as to the causes of the disease. While some proposed causes have been proven false, such as bad parenting and poor will power

47. Ad Hoc Hypothesis An ad hoc hypothesis is one created to explain away facts that seem to refute one’s Another type of ad hoc hypothesis occurs in science when a new http://skepdic.com/adhoc.html

Robert Todd Carroll SkepDic.com Click to order from Amazon Becoming a Critical Thinker by Robert T. Carroll ad hoc hypothesis pseudoscientists . For example, ESP researchers have been known to blame the hostile thoughts of onlookers for unconsciously influencing pointer readings on sensitive instruments. The hostile vibes, they say, made it impossible for them to duplicate a positive ESP experiment. Being able to duplicate an experiment is essential to confirming its validity. Of course, if this objection is taken seriously, then no experiment on ESP can ever fail. Whatever the results, one can always say they were caused by paranormal psychic forces, either the ones being tested or others not being tested. Martin Gardner reports on this type of ad hoc hypothesizing reaching a ludicrous peak with paraphysicist Helmut Schmidt who put cockroaches in a box where they could give themselves electric shocks. One would assume that cockroaches do not like to be shocked and would give themselves shocks at a chance rate or less, if cockroaches can learn from experience. The cockroaches gave themselves more electric shocks than predicted by chance. Schmidt concluded that "because he hated cockroaches, maybe it was his pk that influenced the randomizer!" (Gardner, p. 59) Ad hoc hypotheses are common in defense of the pseudoscientific theory known as biorhythm theory Astrologers are often fond of using statistical data and analysis to impress us with the scientific nature of

48. Power Of A Hypothesis Test Applet (24-Mar-1997) and then rejecting the null hypothesis if the appropriate condition is satisfied This hypothesis testing procedure is set up to give the null hypothesis http://www.stat.sc.edu/~ogden/javahtml/power/power.html

Power of a Hypothesis Test Applet This applet illustrates the fundamental principles of statistical hypothesis testing through the simplest example: the test for the mean of a single normal population, variance known (the Z test). The basic set-up of the test is this: using only n independent observations from a normal distribution with unknown mean (but known variance), the task is to decide whether to accept a null hypothesis for a specified value of , or to reject the null hypothesis in favor of some alternative hypothesis. In most applications, there are only three alternative hypotheses of interest: respectively, ``upper-tailed,'' ``lower-tailed,'' and ``two-tailed.'' The testing framework consists of computing a ``test statistic'' and then rejecting the null hypothesis if the appropriate condition is satisfied. In the order the alternative hypotheses are given above, the null hypothesis is rejected if where represents the upper critical point of the standard normal distribution. This hypothesis testing procedure is set up to give the null hypothesis ``the benefit of a doubt;'' that is, to accept the null hypothesis unless there is strong evidence to support the alternative. If

49. The Continuum Hypothesis A workshop featuring a number of lectures surveying the current insights into the continuum problem and its variations. MSRI, Berkeley, CA, USA; 29 May 1 June 2001. http://zeta.msri.org/calendar/workshops/WorkshopInfo/94/show_workshop

50. Statistical Hypothesis Testing Significance level, null hypothesis, alternate hypothesis in statistical testing. http://www.ganesha.org/spc/hyptest.html

Ganesha.org Book promotion Levinson Productivity Systems, P.C. Lean Manufacturing and Lean Enterprise Henry Ford's Lean Vision Home ... Power Related pages Gage capability Manufacturing worker's role in quality Concept of variation in quality and SPC ISO 9000 ... Lean Manufacturing and Lean Enterprise Statistical Hypothesis Testing Information to accompany SPC Essentials and Productivity Improvement: A Manufacturing Approach NEW from Levinson Productivity Systems: Statistical Process Control Chart Simulator , designed to teach production workers how to read an interpret control charts in an hour or less. It also facilitates very rapid training in the concepts of variation and accuracy. It achieves this by using animated target and histogram (quincunx-style) figures in conjunction with control charts. The price is $50.00, which includes shipping and handling within the U.S.Download the instruction file (1 megabyte, Word document) for free. Hypothesis testing often confuses people but it is the keystone of most statistical applications. Every acceptance sampling test, designed experiment, and control chart* is a statistical hypothesis test. Statistical tests separate significant effects from mere luck or random chance.

51. A Wild Hypothesis Essay on the development of civilizations. http://www.stampe.nu/wild/

A wild hypothesis As I was writing my master thesis in political science I could not stop thinking about the implications of one of the theories I was formulating, namely the one concerning critical phases in the development of civilisations. In short my theory suggests that every civilisation, which exceeds a given limit in terms of instrumental influence on its planet's ecosystems and in terms of mass destruction capacity, enters into a critical phase. During this phase it will be decided whether the civilisation dies or whether it manages to transcend its original form and become truly universal. In the essay I argued that humanity right now experiences such a critical phase in its history. But as this was an academic essay and not one of my personal speculations I did not pursue a particular line of thought. As the telescopes and the stars might already have given away I was thinking about the possibility that this theory was not only applicable to human history but rather to all sentient species that might exist in the vastness of space. If that is a valid assumption, the dilemmas we are currently facing in terms of a worsening ecological crises and the development of weapons of mass destruction, may in fact be a self-imposed test of our maturity as a species. If we are to endure this phase (or test) we must develop entirely new ways to interact socially. Ways which will demand the greatest of all of us. To put it simple, we must leave our infancy of war, economic oppression and social alienation. Let us now assume that others have walked down this path ahead of us. Let us further assume that they are aware of our current misery. Yet they have very good reasons not to intervene. Because if we can not prove to be capable of wisely wielding the technological and instrumental power we now possess, how could we possibly be trusted with the technology of a civilisation that has endured for thousands of millennia?

52. Henri Poincaré: Science And Hypothesis: Table Of Contents Full online text of this Poincare work, as published in English in 1905. http://spartan.ac.brocku.ca/~lward/Poincare/Poincare_1905_toc.html

Henri Poincaré Science and Hypothesis Table of Contents Citation: Henri Poincaré. Science and Hypothesis . London: Walter Scott Publishing (1905). Table of Contents Introduction by Judd Larmor Author's Preface Part I Number and Magnitude Chapter 1: On the Nature of Mathematical Reasoning Chapter 2: Mathematical Magnitude and Experiment Part II Space Chapter 3: Non-Euclidean Geometries Chapter 4: Space and Geometry Chapter 5: Experiment and Geometry Chapter 6: Classical Mechanics Part III Force Chapter 7: Relative and Absolute Motion Chapter 8: Energy and Thermo-Dynamics Part IV Nature Chapter 9: Hypotheses in Physics Chapter 10: The Theories of Modern Physics Chapter 11: The Calculus of Probabilities Chapter 12: Optics and Electricity ... Chapter 13: Electro-Dynamics Endnotes No notes While scholars are permitted to reproduce these materials for the own private needs, no part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage or retrieval system, for the purpose of profit or personal benefit, without written permission from the Department of Sociology at Brock University. Permission is granted for inclusion of the electronic text of these pages, and their related images in any index that provides free access to its listed documents. The Mead Project

53. The Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis: A Supplement To Relativism This view is sometimes called the Whorfhypothesis or the Whorf-Sapir Indeed, it is often called the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, or simply the Whorf http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/relativism/supplement2.html

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Supplement to Relativism Citation Information The Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis Many linguists, including Noam Chomsky, contend that language in the sense we ordinary think of it, in the sense that people in Germany speak German, is a historical or social or political notion, rather than a scientific one. For example, German and Dutch are much closer to one another than various dialects of Chinese are. But the rough, commonsense divisions between languages will suffice for our purposes. There are around 5000 languages in use today, and each is quite different from many of the others. Differences are especially pronounced between languages of different families, e.g., between Indo-European languages like English and Hindi and Ancient Greek, on the one hand, and non-Indo-European languages like Hopi and Chinese and Swahili, on the other. Many thinkers have urged that large differences in language lead to large differences in experience and thought. They hold that each language embodies a worldview, with quite different languages embodying quite different views, so that speakers of different languages think about the world in quite different ways. This view is sometimes called the Whorf-hypothesis or the Whorf-Sapir hypothesis , after the linguists who made if famous. But the label

54. Christianity And Mathematics Religious influences on Copernicus, Galileo, Brahe and Kepler. http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/HistTopics/Heliocentric.html

Christianity and the Mathematical Sciences - the Heliocentric Hypothesis Alphabetical list of History Topics History Topics Index Version for printing The mathematician Freeman Dyson writes in [16]:- ... Western science grew out of Christian theology. It is probably not an accident that modern science grew explosively in Christian Europe and left the rest of the world behind. A thousand years of theological disputes nurtured the habit of analytical thinking that could be applied to the analysis of natural phenomena. On the other hand, the close historical relations between theology and science have caused conflicts between science and Christianity that do not exist between science and other religions ... Christianity has been a major influence on the mathematical sciences, particularly in the 17 th and 18 th Centuries. There is a widespread belief that Christianity and science, particularly mathematical science, were on opposing sides through this period. However, this oversimplifies the situation to such an extent that it gives a quite false impression of the development of the mathematical sciences through this important time. For example four men who perhaps did as much as any to revolutionise the mathematical sciences in the 16 th and 17 th Centuries

55. Greenhouse Warming Fact, Hypothesis, Or Myth? One man's analysis of the data, by Douglas Hoyt http://www.erols.com/dhoyt1/

56. Evidence That Invalidates The HIV-Hypothesis A list of evidence that refutes the HIV/AIDS hypothesis, much of it taken from documents puporting to claim the reverse. http://www.ourcivilisation.com/aids/not/evidence.htm

HIV Does Not Cause AIDS by Mohammed Ali Al-Bayati Finding VI Evidence That Invalidates The HIV-Hypothesis The following is a list of medical facts that invalidate the HIV-hypothesis' claim which states that HIV selectively kills CD4+T cells and cause AIDS: the reduction of CD4+ T cells in HIV positive homosexual men who used rectal steroid was reversed after the cessation of the treatment with corticosteroids (Sharpstone et al., 1996). If the HIV is the cause of AIDS in these patients then the cessation of the steroids will not reverse the disease. The lymph nodes of majority of the 505 HIV-infected individuals showed lymphoid hyperplasia that include T and B cells (Al-Bayati, 1999). The lymphoid atrophy observed in HIV-infected patients include reduction in T cells (CD4+ and CD+8), B cells, and stroma (Al-Bayati, 1999; Muro-Cacho, et al., 1995). HIV particles were found in CD4+, CD8+ T cells, B cells, and other cells indicating HIV do not need specific receptors as the HIV-hypothesis predict (Al-Bayati, 1999). 90% of AIDS cases were reported to be in drugs users and homosexuals and the changes in the lymphoid organs of HIV-negative drug users or homosexuals were similar to those described in HIV-positive drug users and/or homosexual men ( Fauci, et al., 1998; Al-Bayati, 1999).

57. Hypothesis Testing hypothesis testing is equivalent to the geometrical concept of hypothesis negation. That is, if one wishes to prove that A (the hypothesis) is true, http://www.psychstat.smsu.edu/introbook/sbk18m.htm

58. An Evolutionary Hypothesis For Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A Psychological Im Abed, Riadh T and de Pauw, Karel W (1999) An Evolutionary hypothesis for ObsessiveCompulsive Disorder A Psychological Immune System?. Behavioural Neurology 11245-250. http://cogprints.soton.ac.uk/documents/disk0/00/00/11/47/cog00001147-00/ocd-fina

An Evolutionary Hypothesis For Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A Psychological Immune System? *Riadh T. Abed, MBChB, MRCPsych, DPM, Consultant Psychiatrist, Rotherham District General Hospital, Moorgate Road, Rotherham S60 2UD , UK; and Honorary Clinical Lecturer, University of Sheffield. Karel W. de Pauw, MBChB, MD, MRCPsych, Consultant Psychiatrist and Senior Clinical Lecturer , St James’s University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK. * Correspondence : E-mail abed@globalnet.co.uk An Evolutionary Hypothesis for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A Psychological Immune System? Abstract: A new hypothesis is presented within the framework of evolutionary psychology that attempts to explain the origins of obsessive-compulsive disorder. It is suggested that obsessions and compulsions originate from the overactivity of a mental module that the majority of humans possess and has the function of generating risk scenarios without voluntary intervention. It is hypothesised that obsessional phenomena function as an off-line risk avoidance process, designed to lead to risk avoidance behaviour at a future time, thus distinguishing it from anxiety and related phenomena as

59. Hypothesis Testing - Main INTRODUCTORY STATISTICS. CONCEPTS, MODELS, AND APPLICATIONS. Web Edition 1. David W. Stockburger. Southwest Missouri State University http://www.psychstat.smsu.edu/introbook/SBK18.htm

60. The Cosmic Time Hypothesis The Cosmic Time hypothesis (CTH) has far reaching consequences for cosmology and elementary particles physics,especially big bang theory,cosmological http://www.cosmictime.de/

DIE KOSMISCHE ZEIT THE COSMIC TIME www.cosmictime.de Horst Fritsch, Leonberg Die Kosmische Zeit- Hypothese (KZH) hat weitreichende Konsequenzen fuer Kosmologie und Elementarteilchenphysik, insbesondere Urknalltheorie,kosmologische-Konstante,Vakuumenergie, Vereinigung-der-Naturkraefte,Erdexpansion. The Cosmic Time Hypothesis (CTH) has far- reaching consequences for cosmology and elementary particles physics,especially big-bang-theory,cosmological-constant,vacuum-energy, unification-of-natural-forces,earth-expansion. No. Titel der Arbeit Title of paper Click on desired title D The "Cosmic Time", the key to a new world model Die Hypothese der Erdexpansion aus kosmologischer Sicht The hypothesis of the Earth expansion from cosmological view ... The"Cosmic Time Hypothesis" (CTH) and its consequences for our physical world view Adresse des Autors Address of the author: Horst Fritsch Hinterer Zwinger 16 D-71229 Leonberg phone: 07152-27646 fax: 07152-902951 email: fritsch-leonberg@t-online.de

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