61. Roman Stoicism (Chapter 3: The Academy And The Porch) Thus xenocrates of chalcedon (396314 BC) taught that each man’s happiness resultedfrom the virtue proper to him; whilst Polemo of Athens (head of the http://www.geocities.com/stoicvoice/journal/0203/ea0203b1.htm

Roman Stoicism (Chapter 3: The Academy and the Porch) by E. Vernon Arnold (1857 - 1926) realist is . But just as Plato holds that general conceptions are alone true and real, so he necessarily maintains that objects perceivable by the senses are only half-real, and that the ordinary man lives in a world of illusions. Thus the thoughts of the philosopher are separated by an abyss from the world in which men live and die. The ideal State is modeled on the individual man. To the three parts of the soul correspond three classes of citizens; the rulers, whose virtue is Wisdom; the guardians, on whom Courage is incumbent; the laborers and tradesmen, who owe the State Soberness and obedience. Thus the political system to which Plato leans is that of an Aristocracy; for the middle class in his state has only an executive part in the government, and the lower orders are entirely excluded from it. Aristotle thus reinstates the credit of the common man; he it is who possesses the substance of truth and gives it habitual expression by speech, even roughly indicating the various kinds of existence by different forms of words. It is now indicated that a study of grammar is required as the foundation of logic. In the study of physics Aristotle picks up the thread which Socrates had dropped deliberately, that is, the teaching of the Ionic philosophers. Either directly from Empedocles, or from a

62. ITS Advisory Plato s disciple xenocrates of chalcedon, head of the Academy from 339 to 314 (8184).Antigonus I Monopthalmos (81) http://www.uq.edu.au/~uqtparki/oldancients.html

World Class: Be Part of It Search: All UQ for: Information Technology Services Advisory Staff Web Page You have requested the document http://www.uq.edu.au/~uqtparki/oldancients.html . This is a staff web area hosted on a University of Queensland web server. Please be advised that the web pages within this area are NOT officially endorsed by The University of Queensland. The University accepts no responsibility or liability for the contents of this area. This message has been displayed in accordance with the University's Internet Code of Practice , which forms a part of the Please note that you will need to enable cookies in your browser in order to proceed. to continue, or to the University home page. feedback ©2002 The University of Queensland, Australia ABN: 63 942 912 684 Authorised by: Director, Information Technology Services Maintained by: webmaster@uq.edu.au Last Updated: 01 March 2002

63. Medieval Sourcebook: Justin Martyr: Second Apology [Trypho] xenocrates of chalcedon indicates that the planets are seven gods, and that theuniverse. 191. composed of all these, is an eighth. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/justin-apology2.html

Back to Medieval Source Book ORB Main Page Links to Other Medieval Sites Medieval Sourcebook: Justin Martyr: Second Apology [Dialogue with Trypho] [Note: pagination of the Ante-Nicene Fathers edition preserved. The numbers in parentheses are references to footnotes in the printed edition, but not reproduced here.] THE SECOND APOLOGY OF JUSTIN FOR THE CHRISTIANS ADDRESSED TO THE ROMAN SENATE CHAP. I.INTRODUCTION. CHAP. II.URBICUS CONDEMNS THE CHRISTIANS TO DEATH. the Divine has become a drama; and what is sacred you have acted in comedies under the masks of demons, travestying true religion by your demon-worship[superstition]. But he, striking the lyre, began to sing beautifully."(1) Sing to us, Homer, that beautiful song About the amours of Ares and Venus with the beautiful crown: How first they slept together in the palace of Hephaestus Secretly; and he gave many gifts, and dishonoured the bed and chamber of king Hephaestus. Who shall refuse to look on any temples And altars, worthless seats of dumb stones, And idols of stone, and images made by hands

64. Aristotle Encyclopædia Britannica At this time the presidency of the Academy became vacant by the death of Speusippus,and xenocrates of chalcedon, his old associate in biological research, was http://www.koreabritannica.com/eb/article?tocId=33163

65. Aristotle Encyclopædia Britannica Aristotle With him went another Academy member of note, xenocrates of chalcedon,whose lethargy became the target of Plato s ridicule. http://www.koreabritannica.com/eb/article?tocId=33162

66. Fathers Of The Second Century (vi.ii.v) xenocrates of chalcedon indicates that the planets are seven gods, and that theuniverse, 191composed of all these, is an eighth. Nor will I pass over those http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf02.vi.ii.v.html

Fathers of the Second Century Chapter V.—The Opinions of the Philosophers Respecting God. Chapter V.—The Opinions of the Philosophers Respecting God. posis (drink); as, beyond doubt, the warlike Ares is so called, from arsis (rising up) and anœresis (destroying). For this reason mainly, I think, many fix a sword into the ground, and sacrifice to it as to Ares. The Scythians have a practice of this nature, as Eudoxus tells us in the second book of his Travels . The Sauromat¦, too, a tribe of the Scythians, worship a sabre, as Ikesius says in his work on Mysteries This was also the case with Heraclitus and his followers, who worshipped fire as the first cause; for this fire others named Heph¦stus. The Persian Magi, too, and many of the inhabitants of Asia, worshipped fire; and besides them, the Macedonians, as Diogenes relates in the first book of his Persica . Why specify the Sauromat¦, who are said by Nymphodorus, in his Barbaric Customs , to pay sacred honours to fire? or the Persians, or the Medes, or the Magi? These, Dino tells us, sacrifice beneath the open sky, regarding fire and water as the only images of the gods. Nor have I failed to reveal their ignorance; for, however much they think to keep clear of error in one form, they slide into it in another.

67. Biography-center - Letter X xenocrates of chalcedon, wwwhistory.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Xenocrates.html; Xenophanes, http://www.biography-center.com/x.html

Visit a random biography ! Any language Arabic Bulgarian Catalan Chinese (Simplified) Chinese (Traditional) Croatian Czech Danish Dutch English Estonian Finnish French German Greek Hebrew Hungarian Icelandic Indonesian Italian Japanese Korean Latvian Lithuanian Norwegian Polish Portuguese Romanian Russian Serbian Slovak Slovenian Spanish Swedish Turkish X 3 biographies Xenocrates of Chalcedon, www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Xenocr ates.html Xenophanes, Xingjian, Gao www.nobel.se /literature/laureates/2000/gao-bibl.html A B C D ... Forum

68. Title Translate this page Xenocrates, xenocrates of chalcedon Born 396 BC in Chalcedon (now Kadikoy, nearIstanbul), Bithynia (now Turkey) Died 314 BC in Athens, Greece http://www.mathnet.or.kr/API/?MIval=people_seek_great&init=X

69. Xenocrates Aristotle in Plato s absence. Speusippus, Plato s nephew, was also teaching at the Academyas was xenocrates of chalcedon. After being a student http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/Mathematicians/Xenocrates.html

Xenocrates of Chalcedon Born: Died: 314 BC in Athens, Greece Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Version for printing Xenocrates of Chalcedon was a student of Plato who entered the Academy in Athens in about 376 BC. In about 367 BC Xenocrates accompanied Plato on his journey to Syracuse following the death of Dionysius I . Xenocrates left Athens with Aristotle after Plato 's death in 347 BC when they were both invited to Assos. Xenocrates remained for around five years in Assos. Plato 's nephew Speusippus had become head of the Academy on Plato 's death, but in 340 BC he sent for Xenocrates to return to Athens to prepare to become his successor. Despite Xenocrates having been chosen to head the Academy by Speusippus, an election took place to find a successor to Speusippus after his death. It was a close battle between Xenocrates, Menedemus of Pyrrha and Heraclides Ponticus but Xenocrates triumphed by just a few votes. Although Xenocrates had been many years in Athens he had refused to become a citizen of that state since he did not approve of its close relations with Macedonia. In this respect he contrasted strongly with his predecessor Speusippus who had strongly supported the political ties between Athens and Macedonia. It is clear that the Academy at this time was far from what many picture it as, namely an institution where scholars sat thinking, isolated from the world around them. On the contrary, the

70. EPIRUS - LoveToKnow Article On EPIRUS To him xenocrates of chalcedon dedicated his four books on the art of governing;and it is specially mentioned that he bestowed great care on the education http://18.1911encyclopedia.org/E/EP/EPIRUS.htm

EPIRUS EPIRUS Cassope, the chief town of the most powerful of the Thesprotian clans; and Ephyra, afterwards Cichyrus, identified by W. M. Leake with the monastery of St John. 3 or 4 m. from Phanari, and by C. Bursian with Kastri at the northern end of the Acherusian Lake. In Molossia: Passaron, where the kings were wont to take the oath of the constitution and receive their peoples allegiance; and Tecmon, Phylace and Horreum, all of doubtful identification. The Byzantine town of Rogus is probably the same as the modern Luro, the Greek Oropus. To him Xenocrates of Chalcedon dedicated his four books on the art of governing; and it is specially mentioned that he bestowed great care on the education of his brothers children. One of them, Troas, he married; Olympias, the other niece, was married to Philip II. of Macedon and became the mother of Alexander the Great. On the death of Arymbas, Alexander the brother of Olympias, was put on the throne by Philip and married his daughter Cleopatra. Alexander assumed the new title of king of Epirus, and raised the reputation of his country abroad. Asked by the Tarentines for aid against the Samnites and Lucanians, he made a descent at Paestum in 332 B.C., and reduced several cities of the Lucani and Bruttii; but in a second attack he was surrounded, defeated and slain near Pandosia in Bruttium. Aeacides, the son of Arymbas II., succeeded Alexander. He espoused the cause of Olympias against Cassander, but was dethroned by his own soldiers, and had hardly regained his position when he fell in battle (313 B.C.) against Philip, brother of Cassander. He had, by his wife Phthia, a son, the celebrated Pyrrhus, and two daughters, Deidamia and Troas, of whom the former married Demetrius Poliorcetes. His brother Alcetas, who succeeded him, continued unsuccessfully the war with Cassander; he was put to death by his rebellious subjects in 295 B.C., and was succeeded by Pyrrhus (q.v), who for six years fought against the Romans in south Italy and Sicily, and gave to Epirus a momentary importance which it never again possessed.

71. SearchBug Directory: Society: Philosophy: Philosophers: X: Xenocrates MacTutor History of Mathematics xenocrates of chalcedon http//www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Xenocrates.html Biography, bibliography and http://www.searchbug.org/directory.aspx/Society/Philosophy/Philosophers/X/Xenocr

Search the Web: Powered by Home People Finder Company Finder Other Useful Searches Directory of search tools, info and links to find and research companies. SearchBug Directory Search: Xenocrates Society Philosophy Philosophers X ... Go to Directory Home Related Categories: Web Pages - ranked by popularity Xenocrates http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/xenocrates/ A detailed article by Russell Dancy on this thinker's life and teachings. From the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Biography.com: Xenocrates http://search.biography.com/print_record.pl?id=11817 Concise paragraph on his teachings. Columbia Encyclopedia: Xenocrates http://www.bartleby.com/65/xe/Xenocrat.html Concise paragraph on this early scholarch. MacTutor History of Mathematics: Xenocrates of Chalcedon http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Xenocrates.html Biography, bibliography and list of related topics. Life of Xenocrates http://classicpersuasion.org/pw/diogenes/dlxenocrates.htm Section from the Lives of the Philosophers, as compiled by Diogenes Laertius and translated by C.D. Yonge. FOLDOC: Xenocrates http://www.swif.uniba.it/lei/foldop/foldoc.cgi?Xenocrates

72. Cool Quotes Collection - Wisdom I have often repented speaking, but never of holding my tongue. xenocrates of chalcedon(the original). Correction. They sicken of the calm who know the storm. http://coolquotescollection.com/cat/wisdom/02/?PHPSESSID=bd49c6f91d304939530aaaa

73. Chalcedon - Carmichael numbers up to 10^17 http//www.chalcedon.demon.co.uk/carpsp.html 4. MacTutorHistory of Mathematics xenocrates of chalcedon Biography, bibliography http://who.knows-everything.com/Chalcedon

74. Xenocrates: Information From Answers.com xenocrates ( zinok r?tez ) , 396–314 BC , Greek philosopher, b. chalcedon,successor of Speusippus as head of the Academy. http://www.answers.com/topic/xenocrates

showHide_TellMeAbout2('false'); Business Entertainment Games Health ... More... On this page: Encyclopedia Wikipedia Mentioned In Or search: - The Web - Images - News - Blogs - Shopping Xenocrates Encyclopedia Xenocrates zĭnŏk rətēz B.C. , Greek philosopher, b. Chalcedon, successor of Speusippus as head of the Academy . He was a disciple of Plato, whom he accompanied to Sicily in 361 B.C. His ascetic life and noble character greatly influenced his pupils. He was the first to divide philosophy into dialectic (or logic), physics, and ethics, the latter two being his principal themes. He held that mathematical objects and the Platonic Ideas are both substances, and both identical, causing Aristotle to say of him that he “made ideal and mathematical number the same.” His Platonic ethics taught that virtue produces happiness, although external goods can contribute. Only fragments of his work survive. Wikipedia Xenocrates Xenocrates of Chalcedon 314 BC ) was a Greek philosopher and scholarch or rector of the Academy from to 314 BC Removing to Athens in early youth, he became the pupil of the Socratic

75. Jump-Gate Society Philosophy Philosophers P Plato (0). Ancient Greek Scientists Xenocratesof chalcedon Notes on his life and mathematical achievements. http://www.jump-gate.com/index.phtml/Society/Philosophy/Philosophers/X/Xenocrate

Web jump-gate.com MENU LIST English Sites Christmas [net home] Dedicated to the Christmas holiday, old site, going to get a heavy update Languages / Linguistics Language/linguistic resources for all your needs French Language Course A beginner course for you who needs to learn speaking the French language Discussion Forum Discussion Forum for right now only French Language, we will cover more later Distance Education A guide that helps you with distance education. This site will officially open August, 24 ShopCity Consumer guide for e-commerce and e-shopping Military World Championship 1997 World championship in Military Penathlon TACCIS.ORG The Swedish Blackjack Site Describes the casino game Blackjack, how to play it and more VResources A resource for anyone who is interested of Virtual Reality, 3D Computer Graphics and Real-time Simulation Technologies

76. Xenocrates xenocrates (of chalcedon), according to Diogenes Laertius (DL) iv 14, became headof the Academy after Speusippus died, in 339/338 (“in the second year of http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/xenocrates/

version history HOW TO CITE THIS ENTRY Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy A ... Z This document uses XHTML/Unicode to format the display. If you think special symbols are not displaying correctly, see our guide Displaying Special Characters last substantive content change JUL The Encyclopedia Now Needs Your Support Please Read How You Can Help Keep the Encyclopedia Free Xenocrates On the death of Plato, when Speusippus became head of the Academy, Xenocrates and Aristotle may have left Athens together at the invitation of Hermeias of Atarneus (see Strabo XIII 57, printed in Gaiser 1988, 380-381, discussed at 384-385), and Xenocrates returned to succeed Speusippus. According to D.L. (iv 3), this was at Speusippus' request, while the Academicorum Index Herculanensis (cols. VI-VII: Mekler 1902, 38-39, Gaiser 1988, 193) tells us that the younger members of the Academy voted on the succession and confirmed Xenocrates by a narrow margin. These two accounts, although not incompatible, do not tell the same story, and it does not appear possible to get behind them to what really happened. D.L.'s bibliography (iv 11-14) lists over 70 titles; nothing whatever of these has survived, even in the form of identifiable quotations in other authors. Reconstruction of Xenocrates' views turns, as in the case of Speusippus, on Aristotle, and, again as in the case of Speusippus, this is made the more difficult by Aristotle's frequent failure actually to name Xenocrates when talking about his views. In fact, Aristotle never mentions Xenocrates by name in discussing his metaphysical views.

77. U. Of Western Ontario /All Locations Bibliography, Bibliographical footnotes. Subject, xenocrates,of chalcedon, ca. 396ca. 314 BC. LCCN, 61010501. http://alpha.lib.uwo.ca:5701/search/d?Xenocrates, of Chalcedon, ca. 396-ca. 314

78. XENOCRATES - LoveToKnow Article On XENOCRATES xenocrates, of chalcedon, Greek philosopher, scholarch or rector of the Academyfrom 339 to 314 BC, was born in 396. Removing to Athens in early youth, http://49.1911encyclopedia.org/X/XE/XENOCRATES.htm

XENOCRATES XENOCRATES XENLA XENOPHANES To properly cite this XENOCRATES article in your work, copy the complete reference below: "XENOCRATES." LoveToKnow 1911 Online Encyclopedia. http://49.1911encyclopedia.org/X/XE/XENOCRATES.htm Links to this article are encouraged. Please use the following format: See: XENOCRATES at LoveToKnow.

79. Diogenes Laertius: Life Of Xenocrates, From Lives Of The Philosophers, Translate I. xenocrates was the son of Agathenor, and a native of chalcedon. From his earlyyouth he was a pupil of Plato, and also accompanied him in his voyages to http://classicpersuasion.org/pw/diogenes/dlxenocrates.htm

Lives index THE LIVES AND OPINIONS OF EMINENT PHILOSOPHERS BY DIOGENES LAERTIUS, TRANSLATED BY C.D. YONGE LIFE OF XENOCRATES I. XENOCRATES was the son of Agathenor, and a native of Chalcedon. From his early youth he was a pupil of Plato, and also accompanied him in his voyages to Sicily. II. He was by nature of a lazy disposition, so that they say that Plato said once, when comparing him to Aristotle, "The one requires the spur, and the other the bridle." And on another occasion, he said, "What a horse and what an ass am I dressing opposite to one another!" III. IV. And he was a very trustworthy man; so that, though it was not lawful for men to give evidence except on oath, the Athenians made an exception in his favour alone. V. I answer, Goddess human, is thy breast By justice sway'd, by tender pity prest? Ill fits it me, whose friends are sunk to beasts, To quaff thy bowls, or riot in thy feasts: Me would'st thou please, for them thy cares employ, And them to me restore, and me to joy? (Hom. Od. 10. 387. Pope's Version, 450) And Antipater, admiring the appropriateness of the quotation, immediately released them.

80. CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Chalcedon chalcedon was the birthplace of the philosopher xenocrates, a disciple of Plato,and of the sculptor Beotes. The virgin St. Euphemia and her companions http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03554a.htm

Home Encyclopedia Summa Fathers ... C > Chalcedon A B C D ... Z Chalcedon A titular see of Asia Minor. The city was founded 676 B. C. by the Megarians on the Bithynian coast, opposite the place where a little later Byzantium rose. It was captured by the Persian general Otanes after the expedition of Darius against the Scythians. Allied alternately with Athens and Sparta, it became eventually a part of Bithynia, and in 74 B. C. passed over to the Romans, who lost it temporarily to Mithradates. In the imperial period it was a free city, but was dismantled by Valens (364-78). The Persians held it from 616 to 626. Chalcedon was the birthplace of the philosopher Xenocrates, a disciple of Plato, and of the sculptor Beotes. The virgin St. Euphemia and her companions suffered martyrdom there, probably under Galerius (305-11). It is in her magnificent church that the Fourth General Council against Eutyches Iconoclastic period; Maris, the Arian Chalcedon is to-day Kadi-Keui (Kadikoi). It has about 30,000 inhabitants: 15,000 Greeks, 5000 Armenians (500 Catholics), 2000 Latins, 6000 Mussulmans , 2000 Jews, 200 Protestants . The Latin parish is conducted by the Assumptionists; they have also a seminary for Catholic Greeks, with a Greek chapel, and a high school for Oriental studies, which publishes a review, the "Echos d'Orient". The

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