21. References For Ockham References for the biography of william of ockham. G Leff, william of ockhamThe Metamorphosis of Scholastic Discourse (1975). MJ Loux (ed. http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/References/Ockham.html

References for William of Ockham Version for printing Biography in Dictionary of Scientific Biography (New York 1970-1990). Biography in Encyclopaedia Britannica. Biography by W J Courtenay, in Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford, 2004). Books: M Adams, William Ockham (2 vols.) (Notre Dame, 1987). Baudry, (Paris, 1950). P Beckmann (ed.), Ockham- Bibliographie. 1900-1990 (German) (Hamburg, 1992). Articles: P Boehner, Collected Articles on Ockham (Bonaventure, N.Y., 1956). A J Freddoso and H Schuurman, Ockham's theory of propositions. Part II of the 'Summa logicae' (South Bend, Ind.-London, 1980). G Leff, William of Ockham: The Metamorphosis of Scholastic Discourse M J Loux (ed.), Ockham's theory of terms. Part I of the 'Summa logicae' (Notre Dame, Ind.-London, 1974). M McCord Adams, William Ockham, 2 Vol. (1987). P V Spode (ed.), Five texts on the mediaeval problem of universals : Porphyry, Boethius, Abelard, Duns Scotus, Ockham (Indianapolis, IN, 1994). M M Adams, What does Ockham mean by `supposition'?, Notre Dame J. Formal Logic

22. William Of Ockham. william of ockham, Ockam or Occam he of Ockham's razor, that William! http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

23. Robert Wagner - About William Of Ockham also called WILLIAM OCKHAM, Ockham also spelled OCCAM, byname VENERABILIS INCEPTOR (Latin "Venerable Enterpriser"), or DOCTOR INVINCIBILIS http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

24. Ockham And The Dialogus william of ockham, A Letter to the Friars Minor and Other Writings, ed. For a study of these works see Marilyn McCord Adams, William Ockham (Notre Dame, http://www.britac.ac.uk/pubs/dialogus/wock.html

OCKHAM AND THE DIALOGUS John Kilcullen and George Knysh The best way of becoming acquainted with William of Ockham would be to read A.S. McGrade's "Introduction", "Principal Dates in Ockham's Life", and "Suggestions for Further Reading" in William of Ockham, A Short Discourse on the Tyrannical Government... usurped by some who are called Highest Pontiffs , ed. A.S. McGrade (Cambridge University Press, 1992), or the corresponding material in William of Ockham, A Letter to the Friars Minor and Other Writings , ed. A.S. McGrade and John Kilcullen (Cambridge University Press, 1995). For a detailed interpretation of Ockham's Dialogue see George Knysh's Fragments of Ockham Hermeneutics (Winnipeg, 1997), and pp. 237-240 of his Political Ockhamism (see below). The following is a brief introduction for readers altogether unacquainted with Ockham. Ockham and Pope John XXII William of Ockham was a medieval English philosopher and theologian who lived about a generation before Chaucer (he was born about 1285, perhaps as late as 1288, and died in 1347 or 1348). In his earlier years he wrote many influential works in logic, philosophy and philosophical theology. For a study of these works see Marilyn McCord Adams

25. Occam's Razor Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy william of ockham . Hyman, Arthur and James J.Walsh, Philosophy in the Middle Ages 2nd ed. http://skepdic.com/occam.html

Robert Todd Carroll SkepDic.com Click to order from Amazon Occam's razor " Pluralitas non est ponenda sine neccesitate " or "plurality should not be posited without necessity." The words are those of the medieval English philosopher and Franciscan monk William of Ockham (ca. 1285-1349). Like many Franciscans, William was a minimalist in this life, idealizing a life of poverty, and like St. Francis himself, battling with the Pope over the issue. William was excommunicated by Pope John XXII. He responded by writing a treatise demonstrating that Pope John was a heretic. What is known as Occam's razor was a common principle in medieval philosophy and was not originated by William, but because of his frequent usage of the principle, his name has become indelibly attached to it. It is unlikely that William would appreciate what some of us have done in his name. For example, atheists often apply Occam's razor in arguing against the existence of God on the grounds that God is an unnecessary hypothesis. We can explain everything without assuming the extra metaphysical baggage of a Divine Being. William's use of the principle of unnecessary plurality occurs in debates over the medieval equivalent of psi.

26. William Of Ockham. william of ockham, Ockam or Occam he of Ockham s razor, that William! http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/~lloyd/tildeMML/Notes/Ockham.html

MML moved (click) MML moved (click)

27. William Of Ockham william of ockham. William came from Ockham which is near Guildford, SW ofLondon, just off junction 10 of the M25 with the A3. http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/~lloyd/tildeImages/People/Ockham/

William of Ockham (1285-1349). LA home Images People MML William came from Ockham which is near Guildford, S.W. of London, just off junction 10 of the M25 with the A3. Medieval spelling was "rubbery" and while the village is now named `Ockham', the spelling `Occam' is frequently used in connection with W. W is often credited with making a statement to the effect of, ``if two theories explain the facts equally well then the simpler theory is to be preferred'', but see below. This principle is widely known as `Occam's Razor'. All Saints Church, Ockham. All Saints Church, Ockham, Surrey, contains a (recent) stained-glass window and statue of W'. The church dates from 13C. Behind the church is a gate into the private grounds of Ockham Park. The estate used to be owned by the Lovelace family, as in Ada Lovelace . The original house was destroyed by fire. From Mark Ellison: Mach, Ernst. The Science of Mechanics: A Critical and Historical Account of Its Development , (Trans. TJ McCormack (1960)) Open Court, La Salle IL. Page 577ff. Thorburn, WM.

28. William Of Occam William of Occam or Ockham , c.1285–c.1349, English scholastic philosopher. 1965); AS McCrade, The Political Thought of william of ockham (1974). http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/A0852318.html

in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Daily Almanac for Sep 7, 2005 Skip Navigation Home Almanacs ... Word of the Day Editor's Favorites Back to School Hurricanes Daylight Saving Time Energy Consumption ... Mississippi Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map College Center Scholarship Search College Resources Career Center Job Search Post Your Resume Continuing Ed. more . . . Search: Infoplease Info search tips Search: Biographies Bio search tips google_ad_client = 'pub-1894504138907931'; google_ad_width = 120; google_ad_height = 240; google_ad_format = '120x240_as'; google_ad_type = 'text'; google_ad_channel =''; google_color_border = ['336699','B4D0DC','DFF2FD','B0E0E6']; google_color_bg = ['FFFFFF','ECF8FF','DFF2FD','FFFFFF']; google_color_link = ['0000FF','0000CC','0000CC','000000']; google_color_url = ['008000','008000','008000','336699']; google_color_text = ['000000','6F6F6F','000000','333333']; Encyclopedia William of Occam or Ockham u m] Pronunciation Key William of Occam or Ockham Dialogus is a thorough discussion of political theories.

29. William Of Ockham: A Who2 Profile william of ockham (also spelled Occam) was a 14th century English philosopherwho was also a Franciscan friar. Resistant to the popular wave of http://www.who2.com/williamofockham.html

WILLIAM OF OCKHAM Philosopher William of Ockham (also spelled Occam) was a 14th century English philosopher who was also a Franciscan friar. Resistant to the popular wave of Scholasticism, a philosophical position that tried to unify worldly and religious ideas, William of Ockham asserted that one could not know God through reason and rationality. His philosophy is sometimes called nominalism, and he is now most famous for only one of his many ideas, what is called the principle of Ockham's Razor (or The Law of Parsimony): that the simplest explanation to any problem is the best explanation. Because of his views challenging papal supremacy, Ockham was charged with heresy in 1324. He fled to Bavaria, where he spent the remainder of his life. Ockham's Razor is one of many terms found in our loop, Who's What? William of Ockham Good entry from the Internet Encylopedia of Philosophy William of Ockham: Dialogus Online texts and other materials for serious study William of Ockham The Catholic Encylopedia says he went too far William of Ockham Brief profile, but a nice list of other resources

30. Medieval Church.org.uk: William Of Ockham (c.1285 - 1347) Medieval Church.org.uk An Internet Resource for Studying the Church in theMiddles Ages. http://www.medievalchurch.org.uk/p_williamockham.html

var MenuLinkedBy='AllWebMenus [2]', awmBN='524'; awmAltUrl=''; William of Ockham (c.1285 - 1347) Synopsis OCCAM , William (Qulielmus Occamus, or Ochamus), b. about 1280, in the village of Occam (Ockham, or Oksham), in the county of Surrey, Eng.; d. in Munich, April 10, 1347 (or 1349). As the principal source to his life (the pars iii. tract . 8, of his Dialogus in tres panes distinctus ) has perished, many details, especially of his earlier life, are very uncertain. He is said to have studied at Merton College, Oxford, and to have obtained, in 1300 the archdeanery of Stowe in Lincolnshire, besides other ecclesiastical benefices, which, however, he resigned on entering the order of the Franciscans . Shortly after, he went to Paris, where he studied under Duns Scotus , began to teach philosophy and theology himself, and acquired the surnames of Venerabilis inceptor, Doctor singularis et invincibilis, Princeps et caput nominaliam . As the reviver of nominalisin, and breaking completely with the opposite doctrine of realism, which had been sole ruler in philosophy since the days of Anselm and the Victorines, he encountered much resistance. In 1339 his views were even forbidden to be taught in the university of Paris. But he also found many enthusiastic friends, such as Marsilius of Padua, Jean of Jandun, John Buridan, and others. At what time he returned to England is not known; but in 1322 he was provincial of his order there, and as such he became implicated in controversies much iones, Lyons, 1483, and often; Quodlibela septem,. more dangerous than those his philosophy had caused. it is not probable that he took any part in the quarrel between Philip the Fair and Boniface VIII. The

31. William Of Ockham At Erratic Impact's Philosophy Research Base william of ockham at Erratic Impact s Philosophy Research Base. Resources includebiographies, new and used books by and about william of ockham, http://www.erraticimpact.com/~medieval/html/william_of_ockham.htm

Medieval Index New Book Search Early Medieval High Medieval ... Tertullian William of Ockham Philosophers Philosophy Subjects Philosophy Books Book Series ... Advertising William of Ockham ca. 1285 - 1349 Texts: William of Ockham Used Books: William of Ockham Know of a Resource? William of Ockham Biography From the Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Excerpt: William of Ockham, the Franciscan school man, nominalist, and " doctor invincibilis ," was born at Ockham in 1280 and died in Munich on April 10, 1349. Of his early life, little is known. From the scarce data, it may be concluded that he entered the Franciscan order at an early age. He received his bachelor's degree at Oxford, and his master's at Paris, where he taught from a date between 1315 and 1320. The tradition that he was a pupil of Duns Scotus is probably correct. There is no evidence that he returned to England and taught at Oxford. In any case, it is with Paris that his principal teaching activity is connected. His doctrines had taken such hold there by 1339 that the philosophical faculty felt obliged to issue a warning against them. William of Ockham Biography Biography of the C14th philosopher and theologian by Dave Beckett of the University of Kent at Canterbury, England.

32. William Of Ockham: Biography And Much More From Answers.com Source william of ockham , Philosopher Born c. 1285 Birthplace Ockham, EnglandDeath 1347 or 1349 Best Known As Medieval thinker responsible for. http://www.answers.com/topic/william-of-ockham

showHide_TellMeAbout2('false'); Arts Business Entertainment Games ... More... On this page: Personalities Scientist Dictionary Encyclopedia Literature WordNet Wikipedia Mentioned In Or search: - The Web - Images - News - Blogs - Shopping William of Ockham Personalities Source William of Ockham Philosopher Born: c. 1285 Birthplace: Ockham, England Died: 1347 or 1349 Best Known As: Medieval thinker responsible for the principle of Ockham's Razor William of Ockham (also spelled Occam) was a 14th century English philosopher who was also a Franciscan friar. Resistant to the popular wave of Scholasticism, a philosophical position that tried to unify worldly and religious ideas, William of Ockham asserted that one could not know God through reason and rationality. His philosophy is sometimes called nominalism, and he is now most famous for only one of his many ideas, what is called the principle of Ockham's Razor (or The Law of Parsimony): that the simplest explanation to any problem is the best explanation. Because of his views challenging papal supremacy, Ockham was charged with heresy in 1324. He fled to Bavaria, where he spent the remainder of his life. FOUR GOOD LINKS William of Ockham Good entry from the Internet Encylopedia of Philosophy William of Ockham: Dialogus Online texts and other materials for serious study William of Ockham The Catholic Encylopedia says he went too far William of Ockham Brief profile, but a nice list of other resources

33. 20th WCP: Russell, Strawson, And William Of Ockham Russell, Strawson, and william of ockham. Sharon Kaye Then, I will presentthe nominalist alternative as developed by william of ockham. http://www.bu.edu/wcp/Papers/Medi/MediKaye.htm

Medieval Philosophy Russell, Strawson, and William of Ockham Sharon Kaye Dalhousie University smkaye@is.dal.ca ABSTRACT: Realism and conventionalism generally establish the parameters of debate over universals. Do abstract terms in language refer to abstract things in the world? The realist answers yes , leaving us with an inflated ontology; the conventionalist answers no Realism and conventionalism are commonly taken to be the primary contenders in the debate over universals. Does abstract language refer to abstract things in the world? The realist answers yes, leaving us with an inflated ontology, the conventionalist answers no, leaving us with subjective categories. In this paper I would like to defend a third possibility which aims to preserve objectivity without multiplying objects. It is nominalism, in the original, medieval sense of the word or more specifically, in the Ockham sense of the word. Willard Quine once remarked that "the nominalists of old . . . object to admitting abstract entities at all, even in the restrained sense of mind-made entities." supposition theory did have its advantages, one of which was the way that it clarified the disagreement between realists and antirealists over meaning and reference. We need to see what each of these linguistic concepts amounts to for Ockham in order to see how he explains abstract language.

34. William Of Occam Targets of the Inquisition william of ockhamwilliam of ockham, one of the Doctors of the Church, lived in England as aFranciscan theologian and writer. He developed a unique and controversial http://www.hensa.ac.uk/parallel/www/occam/occam-bio.html

Biography William of Ockham, born in the village of Ockham in Surrey (England) about 1285, was the most influential philosopher of the 14th century and a controversial theologian. He entered the Franciscan order at an early age and took the traditional course of theological studies at Oxford. Strong opposition to his opinions from members of the theological faculty prevented him from obtaining his Master's degree. His teaching had also aroused the attention of Pope John XXII, who summoned him to the papal court in Avignion (France) in 1324. The charges against him were presented by Jogh Lutterell, the former chancellor of the university of Oxford. Ockham was never condemned, but in 1327, while residing in Avignion, he became involved in the dispute over apostolic poverty. When this controversy reached a critical stage in 1328, and the Pope was about to issue a condemnation of the position held by the Franciscans, Ockham and two other Franciscans fled from Avignion to seek the protection of Emperor Louis IV, the Bavarian. They followed the emperor to Munich (Germany) in 1330, where Ockham wrote fervently against the papacy in a series of treatises on papal power and civil sovereignty. The medieval rule of parsimony, or principle of economy, frequently used by Ockham came to be known as

35. A History Of Western Philosophy 2.22 william of ockham. A. The Man and His Work. William was born in Ockham, nearLondon, perhaps in the year 1285, but certainly between 12801290. http://www.nd.edu/Departments/Maritain/etext/hwp224.htm

36. William Of Ockham william of ockham (c. 12871347) is, along with Thomas Aquinas and John Duns “william of ockham s Commentary on Porphyry Introduction and English http://www.seop.leeds.ac.uk/archives/sum2003/entries/ockham/

This is a file in the archives of the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy version history HOW TO CITE THIS ENTRY Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy A B C D ... Z This document uses HTML 4/Unicode to display special characters. Older browsers and/or operating systems may not display these characters correctly. last substantive content change AUG William of Ockham 1. Life 1.1 England (c. 1287-1324) 1.2 Avignon (1324-28) 1.3 Munich (1328/29-47) ... Related Entries 1. Life Ockham led an unusually eventful life for a philosopher. As with so many medieval figures who were not prominent when they were born, we know next to nothing about the circumstances of Ockham's birth and early years, and have to estimate dates by extrapolating from known dates of events later in his life. Ockham's life may be divided into three main periods. 1.1 England (c. 1287 Ockham was born, probably in late 1287 or early 1288, in the village of Ockham (= Oak Hamlet) in Surrey, a little to the southwest of London. He probably learned basic Latin at a village school in Ockham or nearby, but this is not certain. Around 1310, when he was about 23, Ockham began his theological training. It is not certain where this training occurred. It could well have been at the London Convent, or it could have been at Oxford, where there was another Franciscan convent associated with the university. In any event, Ockham was at Oxford studying theology by at least the year 1318-19, and probably the previous year as well, when (in 1317) he began a required two-year cycle of lectures commenting on Peter Lombard's

37. William Of Ockham william of ockham (c.13001349), the English philosopher, theologian, logician,political writer and Franciscan monk whose name is honored in the principle http://www.psc.edu/~deerfiel/Jokes/ockham.html

38. William Of Ockham william of ockham. Born c. 1285 Birthplace Ockham, Surrey, England Died9Apr-1348 Location of death Munich, Germany Cause of death unspecified http://www.nndb.com/people/399/000095114/

This is a beta version of NNDB Search: All Names Living people Dead people Band Names Book Titles Movie Titles Full Text for William of Ockham Born: c. 1285 Birthplace: Ockham, Surrey, England Died: 9-Apr-1348 Location of death: Munich, Germany Cause of death: unspecified Gender: Male Religion: Roman Catholic Ethnicity: White Occupation: Philosopher Level of fame: Famous Executive summary: Occam's Razor Medieval priest credited with popularizing the principle of parsimony, often referred to as Occam's Razor: Pluralitas non est ponenda sine neccesitate (Do not propose pluralities unless necessary). Ockham was eventually excommunicated by the Pope for heresy. University: Oxford University (1320) University: University of Paris Professor: University of Paris Heresy House Arrest Avignon, France 1324-28 Escaped from Prison 26-May-1328 Excommunicated Do you know something we don't? Submit a correction or make a comment about this profile

39. William Of Ockham (from Epistemology) --  Encyclopædia Britannica william of ockham (from epistemology) There are several places in Duns Scotus account where Skeptical challenges can gain a foothold, for example, http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-59978

Home Browse Newsletters Store ... Subscribe Already a member? Log in Content Related to this Topic This Article's Table of Contents Expand all Collapse all Introduction Issues of epistemology Epistemology as a discipline Two epistemological problems Implications Relation of epistemology to other branches of philosophy The nature of knowledge Six distinctions of knowledge ... Skepticism The history of epistemology Ancient philosophy Pre-Socratics Plato Aristotle Ancient Skepticism ... St. Augustine Medieval philosophy St. Anselm of Canterbury St. Thomas Aquinas John Duns Scotus changeTocNode('toc59228','img59228'); William of Ockham From scientific theology to secular science Modern philosophy Faith and reason Impact of modern science on epistemology René Descartes John Locke ... Philosophy of mind and epistemology Additional Reading General works The history of epistemology Ancient Medieval Modern Contemporary ... Print this Table of Contents Shopping Price: USD $1495 Revised, updated, and still unrivaled. The Official Scrabble Players Dictionary (Hardcover) Price: USD $15.95

40. Who's Who In Medieval History - William Of Ockham Basic information and useful websites about philosopher william of ockham. http://historymedren.about.com/library/who/blwwockham.htm

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Homework Help Medieval History Homework Help ... Help zau(256,140,140,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/C.htm','');w(xb+xb+' ');zau(256,140,140,'von','http://z.about.com/0/ip/496/6.htm','');w(xb+xb); FREE Newsletter Sign Up Now for the Medieval History newsletter! See Online Courses Search Medieval History William of Ockham c. 1285 c.1349 Monastic Writer x Britain France Ockham (or Occam) attempted to reform Scholastic philosophy and is generally regarded as the founder of a form of Nominalism. His writings were controversial in his day but he remained within the fold of the Church. On the Web William of Ockham on the Web In Print The links below will take you to mySimon, where you can compare prices at booksellers across the web. More in-depth info about the book may be found by clicking on to the book's page at one of the online merchants. The Basis of Morality According to William of Ockham by Lucan Freppert The Cambridge Companion to Ockham by Paul V. Spade Ockham on the Virtues by Rega Wood Related Resources A multi-page index of philosophical and theological theories and the individuals who contributed them, from the early Middle Ages to the early Modern Age.

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