1. The Legacy Of Ulugh Beg The Legacy of ulugh beg, article by Kevin Krisciunas, with notes and bibliography. http://www.ku.edu/carrie/texts/carrie_books/paksoy-2/cam6.html

The Legacy of Ulugh Beg Kevin Krisciunas[1] Muhammed Taragai Ulugh Beg (1394-1449) was a Turk who ruled the province of Transoxiana (Maverannahr), a region situated between the River Oxus (Amu Darya) and the River Jaxartes (Syr Darya), the principal city of which was Samarkand. Ulugh Beg's grandfather was the famous conqueror Timur (1336-1405). Ulugh Beg became the ruler of Transoxiana in 1447 upon the death of his father. But his rule was of short duration. Two years later he was killed by an assassin hired by his son 'Abd al Latif. A principal source of our information about the astronomical activity at Samarkand is a letter of one Ghiyath al-Din Jamshid al-Kashi (d. 1429), which is available in Turkish and English (see Sayili 1960). This letter, originally in Persian, was written in 1421 or 1422. From it we deduce that serious astronomical activity began in Samarkand in 1408-10, and that the construction of Ulugh Beg's observatory was begun in 1420. Amongthe astronomers known to have been active at Samarkand, we know only a few by name, but according to al-Kashi there were sixty or seventy scholars at the madrasa who were well enough versed in mathematics to participate in some capacity in the astronomical observations and/or seminars. The observations were carried out systematically from 1420 to 1437. While observatories today are expected to carry on indefinitely, this was not the case in olden times. Rather, observations were carried out, for example, to update tables of planetary motions in order to predict their future positions. al-Kashi tells us (see Sayili 1960, p.106):

2. Ulugh Beg - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia ulugh beg, here depicted on a Soviet stamp, was one of Islam s greatest astronomers In 1437 ulugh beg determined the length of the sidereal year as http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulugh_Beg

3. Ulugh Beg ulugh beg, 13941449. Tabvlae long ac lat. stellarum fixarvm, ex observatione Ulugh Beighi http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

4. Samarkand - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia His grandson ulugh beg ruled the country for 40 years. In Samarkand, ulugh begcreated a scientific school that united outstanding astronomers and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samarkand

Wikimedia needs your help in the final days of its fund drive. See our fundraising page The Red Cross and other charities also need your help. Samarkand From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Samarkand Samarqand or Самарқанд in Uzbek , in Persian س٠رقند) (population 400,000) is the second-largest city in Uzbekistan , capital of Samarqand Province . It is located at latitude 39° 39' 15, longitude 66° 57' 35E, at an altitude of 702 meters. The majority of the city's inhabitants are ethnically Tajik . In , after several abortive attempts, UNESCO inscribed the 2700-year-old city on the World Heritage List as Samarkand - Crossroads of Cultures Colour photograph taken in Samarkand ca. Contents History Major Sights Samarkand in literature External links ... edit History Samarkand (Greek: Marakanda ) is one of the oldest inhabited cities in the world, prospering from its location on the ( Silk Road ) trade route between China and Europe . At times Samarkand has been the greatest city of Central Asia , and for much of its history it has been under Persian rule. Founded ca. 700BCE, it was already the capital of the

5. Ulugh Beg Encyclop Dia Britannica ulugh beg grandson of the Asian conqueror Timur (Tamerlane) and one whose primary interest was in the arts and intellectual matters. Under his brief http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

6. Ulugh_Beg Biography of ulugh beg (13931449) ulugh beg was primarily a scientist, inparticular a mathematician and an astronomer. However, he certainly did not http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Ulugh_Beg.html

Ulugh Beg Born: 1393 in Soltaniyeh, Timurid, Persia (now Iran) Died: 27 Oct 1449 in Samarkand, Timurid empire Click the picture above to see four larger pictures Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Version for printing Ulugh Beg was the grandson of the conqueror Timur, who is often known as Tamerlane (from Timur-I-Leng meaning Timur the Lame, a title of contempt used by his Persian enemies). Although in this archive we are primarily interested in Ulugh Beg's achievements in mathematics and astronomy, we need to examine the history of the area since it had such a major impact on Ulugh Beg's life. Timur, Ulugh Beg's grandfather, came from the Turkic Barlas tribe which was a Mongol tribe that was living in Transoxania, today essentially Uzbekistan. He united several Turko-Mongol tribes under his leadership and set out on a conquest, with his armies of mounted archers, of the area now occupied by Iran, Iraq, and eastern Turkey. Shortly after his grandson Ulugh Beg was born, Timur invaded India and by 1399 he had taken control of Delhi. Timur continued his conquests by extending his empire to the west from 1399 to 1402, winning victories over the Egyptian Mamluks in Syria and the Ottomans in a battle near Ankara. Timur died in 1405 leading his armies into China. After Timur's death his empire was disputed among his sons. Ulugh Beg's father Shah Rukh was the fourth son of Timur and, by 1407, he had gained overall control of most of the empire, including Iran and Turkistan regaining control of Samarkand. Samarkand had been the capital of Timur's empire but, although his grandson Ulugh Beg had been brought up at Timur's court, he was seldom in that city. When Timur was not on one of his military campaigns he moved with his army from place to place and his court, including his grandson Ulugh Beg, travelled with him.

7. Ulugh Beg, 1393-1449 C.E. ulugh beg published a new catalogue of stars. He found many errors in Ptolemy's work. ulugh beg was the ruler of Turkestan and a grandson of http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

8. References For Ulugh_Beg References for the biography of ulugh beg. H Hobden, ulugh beg and hisObservatory in Samarkand, Astronomy Now 2 (1988), 3236. http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/References/Ulugh_Beg.html

References for Ulugh Beg Version for printing Biography in Dictionary of Scientific Biography (New York 1970-1990). Biography in Encyclopaedia Britannica. Books: J B J Delambre, (Paris, 1819). T N Kary-Nijazov, The Ulugh Beg school of astronomy (Russian) (Tashkent, 1967). Articles: M Bagheri, A newly found letter of al-Kashi on scientific life in Samarkand, Historia Math. M S Bulatov, Ulugh Beg's observatory in Samarkand (Russian), Istor.-Astronom. Issled. H Hobden, Ulugh Beg and his Observatory in Samarkand, Astronomy Now T N Kary-Nijazov, Ulugh Beg and Subah Jai Singh (Russian), in 1966 Phys. Math. Sci. in the East 'Nauka' (Moscow, 1966), 247-255. V Lutsky, Ulugh Beigh's ancient star atlas, Astromony and Space M Shevchenko, An analysis of errors in the star catalogues of Ptolemy and Ulugh Beg, J. Hist. Astronom. A U Usmanov, A short survey of the history of the development of astronomy in the medieval East up to the age of Ulugh Beg (Russian), Questions on the history of mathematics and astronomy I, Trudy Samarkand. Gos. Univ. (N.S.) Vyp.

9. The Legacy Of Ulugh Beg The Legacy of ulugh beg, article by Kevin Krisciunas, with notes and bibliography http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

10. Poster Of Ulugh_Beg ulugh beg lived from 1393 to 1449 ulugh beg was the grandson of the conqueror Tamerlane. He did important early work on trigonometry. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

11. Ulugh-Beg ulugh beg (13941449) (The Hutchinson Dictionary of Scientific Biography).ulugh beg (The Hutchinson Encyclopedia). Ulugh-Beg (The Columbia Encyclopedia, http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/A0849969.html

in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Daily Almanac for Sep 7, 2005 Skip Navigation Home Almanacs ... Word of the Day Editor's Favorites Back to School Hurricanes Daylight Saving Time Energy Consumption ... Mississippi Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map College Center Scholarship Search College Resources Career Center Job Search Post Your Resume Continuing Ed. more . . . Search: Infoplease Info search tips Search: Biographies Bio search tips google_ad_client = 'pub-1894504138907931'; google_ad_width = 120; google_ad_height = 240; google_ad_format = '120x240_as'; google_ad_type = 'text'; google_ad_channel =''; google_color_border = ['336699','B4D0DC','DFF2FD','B0E0E6']; google_color_bg = ['FFFFFF','ECF8FF','DFF2FD','FFFFFF']; google_color_link = ['0000FF','0000CC','0000CC','000000']; google_color_url = ['008000','008000','008000','336699']; google_color_text = ['000000','6F6F6F','000000','333333']; Encyclopedia Ulugh-Beg [both: OO OO g beg] Pronunciation Key Ulugh-Beg or Ulug-Beg The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia

12. Ulugh Beg And His Observatory The web page on ulugh beg and the Samarkand Observatory has been moved to Silk Road Seattle and may be found by clicking here. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

13. Ulugh Beg And His Observatory The web page on ulugh beg and the Samarkand Observatory has been moved to SilkRoad Seattle and may be found by clicking here. If you have saved the former http://faculty.washington.edu/dwaugh/CA/cities/samarkand/obser.html

The web page on Ulugh Beg and the Samarkand Observatory has been moved to Silk Road Seattle and may be found by clicking here . If you have saved the former URL in your browser, replace it with the new one. October 16, 2002

14. Samarkand The web pages for the history and architecture of Samarkand which were formerly located at this address have been moved to Silk Road Seattle. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

15. Ulugh Beg --  Encyclopædia Britannica ulugh beg grandson of the Asian conqueror Timur (Tamerlane) and one whose primaryinterest was in the arts and intellectual matters. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9074183

Home Browse Newsletters Store ... Subscribe Already a member? Log in Content Related to this Topic This Article's Table of Contents Ulugh Beg Print this Table of Contents Shopping Price: USD $1495 Revised, updated, and still unrivaled. The Official Scrabble Players Dictionary (Hardcover) Price: USD $15.95 The Scrabble player's bible on sale! Save 30%. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary Price: USD $19.95 Save big on America's best-selling dictionary. Discounted 38%! More Britannica products Ulugh Beg  Encyclopædia Britannica Article Page 1 of 1 born 1394, Soltaniyeh, Timurid Iran died Oct. 27, 1449, Samarkand, Timurid empire [now in Uzbekistan] grandson of the Asian conqueror Timur (Tamerlane) and one whose primary interest was in the arts and intellectual matters. Under his brief rule the Timurid dynasty of Iran reached its cultural peak. His father, Shah Rokh, captured the city of Samarkand Ulugh Beg...

16. Mohammed Targai Ulugh Beg (InterIslamicNet) Share This Page Report Abuse Edit your Site Browse Sites Previous Top 100 Next Mohammed Targai ulugh beg (1393 1449 C.E.) http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

17. Yakub Beg --  Encyclopædia Britannica ulugh beg and His Observatory Educational reference on this 15thcentury Timurid Mohammed Targai ulugh beg Short biography of the grandson of the Mongol http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9077733

Home Browse Newsletters Store ... Subscribe Already a member? Log in Content Related to this Topic This Article's Table of Contents Yakub Beg Print this Table of Contents Shopping Price: USD $1495 Revised, updated, and still unrivaled. The Official Scrabble Players Dictionary (Hardcover) Price: USD $15.95 The Scrabble player's bible on sale! Save 30%. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary Price: USD $19.95 Save big on America's best-selling dictionary. Discounted 38%! More Britannica products Yakub Beg  Encyclopædia Britannica Article Page 1 of 1 born 1820, Pskente, Kokand [now in Uzbekistan] died May 16, 1877, Kashgaria [now in Sinkiang province, China] Tajik adventurer who entered northwest China in 1864 and through a series of military and political maneuvers took advantage of the anti-Chinese uprisings of its Muslim inhabitants to establish himself as head of the kingdom of Kashgaria Yakub Beg...

18. Ulugh Beg - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia ulugh beg was also notable for his work in astronomyrelated mathematics, such as trigonometry and spherical geometry. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

19. Ulugh Beg, 1393-1449 C.E. ulugh beg published a new catalogue of stars. He found many errors in Ptolemy swork. ulugh beg was the ruler of Turkestan and a grandson of Tamerlane. http://www.cyberistan.org/islamic/beg.html

MOHAMMED TARGAI ULUGH BEG (1393 - 1449 C.E.) by Dr. A. Zahoor Biography Available in the E-Book

20. Ulugh-Beg. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 UlughBeg. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

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