61. Turing, Alan Mathison turing, alan Mathison. English mathematician and logician. In 1936 he describeda ‘universal computing Dictionary of Computers turing, alan Mathison http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0008928.html

// Show bread crumbs navigation path. breadcrumbs('four'); //> From: www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/ ENCYCLOPAEDIA Hutchinson's Encyclopaedia Men's Health ... Wildlife Frames not supported Frames not supported Encyclopaedia Search Click a letter for the index A B C D ... Z Or search the encyclopaedia: Turing, Alan Mathison Turing is believed to have been the first to suggest (in 1950) the possibility of machine learning and artificial intelligence. His test for distinguishing between real (human) and simulated (computer) thought is known as the Turing test Related Links Dictionary of Computers - Turing, Alan Mathison artificial intelligence Dictionary of Computers - artificial intelligence Dictionary of Computers - Turing machine ... Babbage, Charles Australia Flag The Union Jack marks Australia's historical links with Britain. The Southern Cross helped guide early European navigators to the continent. Effective date 15 April 1954. Buy Cheap Games Gran Turismo 4 Win £500 cash Volunteer to take part in our Tiscali survey and you could win £500 to spend on whatever you want. Print now Send to a friend Related articles Related products var st_pg=""; var st_ai=""; var st_v=1.0; var st_ci="762"; var st_di="d001"; var st_dd="st.sageanalyst.net"; var st_tai="v:1.2.3";

62. Dictionary Of Computers - Turing, Alan Mathison turing, alan Mathison. English mathematician and logician. In 1936 he describeda universal computing machine that could theoretically be programmed to http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/dictionaries/computers/data/m0008928.html

// Show bread crumbs navigation path. breadcrumbs('four'); //> From: www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/ DICTIONARIES Animals Computers Difficult Words ... Plants Frames not supported Frames not supported Index A B C D ... Z Turing, Alan Mathison English mathematician and logician. In 1936 he described a 'universal computing machine' that could theoretically be programmed to solve any problem capable of solution by a specially designed machine. This concept, now called the Turing machine , foreshadowed the digital computer. Turing is believed to have been the first to suggest (in 1950) the possibility of machine learning and artificial intelligence. His test for distinguishing between real (human) and simulated (computer) thought is known as the Turing test : with a person in one room and the machine in another, an interrogator in a third room asks questions of both to try to identify them. When the interrogator cannot distinguish between them by questioning, the machine will have reached a state of humanlike intelligence. Turing was born in London and studied at Cambridge. During World War II he worked on the Ultra project in the team that cracked the German Enigma cipher code. After the war he worked briefly on the project to design the general computer known as the Automatic Computing Engine, or ACE, and was involved in the pioneering computer developed at Manchester University from 1948.

63. Turing, Alan M. in full alan MATHISON turing (b. June 23, 1912, London, Eng.d. June 7, 1954,Wilmslow, BIBLIOGRAPHY. Andrew Hodges, alan turing The Enigma (1983). http://www.cs.auc.dk/~luca/turing-britannica.html

New Search : Articles Index Dictionary Turing Alan M., in full ALAN MATHISON TURING (b. June 23, 1912, London, Eng.d. June 7, 1954, Wilmslow, Cheshire), English mathematician and logician who pioneered in computer theory and contributed important logical analyses of computer processes. The son of a British member of the Indian Civil Service, Turing studied at Sherborne school and at King's College, Cambridge. In 1935, while studying under a graduate fellowship at King's, Turing undertook work in mathematical logic; during this time he wrote the paper commonly recognized as his most brilliant contribution, "On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem " (1937). In this article he proved that there are some mathematical problems that cannot be solved by any formal, purely mechanical procedure i.e., one that can be performed by an automatic machine. To illustrate this point, Turing posited a simple device that possessed the fundamental properties of a modern computing system: a finite program, a large data-storage capacity, and a step-by-step mode of mathematical operation. This Turing machine, as it was later called, is frequently used as a point of reference in basic discussions of automata theory and was also the theoretical basis for the digital computers that came into being in the 1940s.

64. Alan Mathison Turing turing, alan Mathison, 1912–54, British mathematician and computer theorist. Computer Scientist alan turing While addressing a problem in the arcane http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/A0849730.html

in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Daily Almanac for Sep 7, 2005 Skip Navigation Home Almanacs ... Word of the Day Editor's Favorites Back to School Hurricanes Daylight Saving Time Energy Consumption ... Mississippi Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map College Center Scholarship Search College Resources Career Center Job Search Post Your Resume Continuing Ed. more . . . Search: Infoplease Info search tips Search: Biographies Bio search tips google_ad_client = 'pub-1894504138907931'; google_ad_width = 120; google_ad_height = 240; google_ad_format = '120x240_as'; google_ad_type = 'text'; google_ad_channel =''; google_color_border = ['336699','B4D0DC','DFF2FD','B0E0E6']; google_color_bg = ['FFFFFF','ECF8FF','DFF2FD','FFFFFF']; google_color_link = ['0000FF','0000CC','0000CC','000000']; google_color_url = ['008000','008000','008000','336699']; google_color_text = ['000000','6F6F6F','000000','333333']; Encyclopedia Turing, Alan Mathison Turing, Alan Mathison, , British mathematician and computer theorist. While studying at Cambridge Univ. he began work in predicate logic that lead to a proof (1937) that some mathematical problems are not susceptible to solution by automated computation; in arriving at this, he postulated a universal machine, now called a Turing machine artificial intelligence ; among his contributions was the Turing test , a procedure to test whether a computer is capable of humanlike thought. He committed suicide shortly after being arrested for a homosexual offense.

65. MSN Encarta - Alan Turing more Further Reading. Search for books and more related to turing, alan Mathison.Encarta Search. Search Encarta about turing, alan Mathison http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761578859/Alan_Turing.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Sign In Web Search: Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade your Encarta Experience Search Encarta Upgrade your Encarta Experience Spend less time searching and more time learning. Learn more Tasks Find in this article Print Preview Related Items automata developer of Turing machine more... Further Reading Search for books and more related to Turing, Alan Mathison Encarta Search Search Encarta about Turing, Alan Mathison Advertisement Turing, Alan Mathison Encyclopedia Article Multimedia 1 item Turing, Alan Mathison (1912-1954), British mathematician, who did pioneering work in computer theory. He was born in London and educated at Cambridge and Princeton universities. In 1936, while he was still a graduate student, Turing published a paper called “On Computable Numbers,” which introduced the concept of a theoretical computing device now known as a Turing machine. The concept of this machine, which could theoretically perform any mathematical calculation, was important in the development of the digital computer. Turing also extended his mathematical work to the study of artificial intelligence and biological forms. He proposed a method called the Turing test, to determine whether machines could have the ability to think. During World War II (1939-1945), Turing worked as a cryptographer for the British Foreign Office. In 1951 Turing was named a Fellow of the Royal Society and in 1952 he began to publish his work on the mathematical aspects of pattern and form development in living organisms. He apparently committed suicide in 1954 , probably in reaction to medical treatments he was forced to receive in order to “cure” him of homosexuality.

66. Turing, Alan (1912-1954) -- From Eric Weisstein's World Of Scientific Biography turing, alan (19121954) References. Hodges, A. The alan turing Home Page. http//www.turing.org.uk/turing/. © Eric W. Weisstein http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Turing.html

Branch of Science Mathematicians Nationality English Turing, Alan (1912-1954) Additional biographies: MacTutor (St. Andrews) References Hodges, A. "The Alan Turing Home Page." http://www.turing.org.uk/turing/

67. Glbtq >> Social Sciences >> Turing, Alan One of the greatest scientists of his generation, computer pioneer alan Turingwas also a victim of cold war homophobia. http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/turing_a.html

Encyclopedia Discussion Forgot Your Password? Not a Member Yet? JOIN TODAY. IT'S FREE! Advertising Opportunities Terms of Service Alpha Index: A-B C-F G-K L-Q ... T-Z Subjects: A-E F-L M-Z Turing, Alan (1912-1954) page: It would be difficult to overestimate the importance to the modern world of the mathematical, philosophical, and cryptographic work of Alan Mathison Turing. A gifted mathematician, Turing is remembered today as one of the founders of computer science. The gay and lesbian community remembers Turing not only for his work on computers and the cracking of the Enigma machine code during World War II, but also because of his needless, horrific death. He committed suicide at the age of 41, two years after his arrest, conviction, and forced chemical castration for a homosexual encounter. Though he died at an early age, a victim of British homophobia , he had already created whole new ways of thinking about computers, biology, minds, and humanity. Sponsor Message.

68. Glbtq >> Social Sciences >> Turing, Alan One of the greatest scientists of his generation, computer pioneer alan Turingwas also a victim of cold war homophobia. http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/turing_a,2.html

Encyclopedia Discussion Forgot Your Password? Not a Member Yet? JOIN TODAY. IT'S FREE! Advertising Opportunities Terms of Service Alpha Index: A-B C-F G-K L-Q ... T-Z Subjects: A-E F-L M-Z Turing, Alan (1912-1954) page: In Turing's test, the woman is then replaced by a computer. If the computer can convince the interrogator that it is a woman at the same rate as the real woman did, then the computer can be said to think. Researchers have argued about the importance of gender to Turing's thought experiment, and the relationship of his homosexuality to how he framed the question. What is striking, though, is that Turing replaced the metaphysical question of "Can machines think?" with a practical problem of whether or not a human might distinguish a computer from another human in a conversation. Disaster After pioneering in further work in computer and software design and in artificial intelligence, and after being honored for his war work with an OBE (Officer of the British Empire) in 1946 and elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1951 at an unusually young age, in 1952 Turing's life took an abrupt turn for the worse. Sponsor Message.

69. Generation5 - Turing, Alan Generation5 aims to be the most comprehensive Artificial Intelligence site onthe Internet. Communityorientated, Generation5 deals with all AI topics http://www.generation5.org/glossary/display.asp?uri=turing.xml

70. LII - Results For "turing, Alan Mathison, 1912-1954" Results for turing, alan mathison, 19121954 1 to 3 of 3 alan turing (1912-1954) contributedto mathematics, cryptanalysis, logic, philosophy, biology, http://www.lii.org/search?searchtype=subject;query=Turing, Alan Mathison, 1912-1

71. LII - Results For "turing, Alan Mathison, 1912-1954 Archives" Results for turing, alan mathison, 19121954 archives 1 of 1. The turing DigitalArchive. This digital archive contains mainly unpublished personal papers http://www.lii.org/search?searchtype=subject;query=Turing, Alan Mathison, 1912-1

72. Alan Mathison Turing turing, alan Mathison, 1912–54, British mathematician and computer theorist.While studying at Cambridge Univ. he began work in predicate logic that lead to http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/people/A0849730.html

Home U.S. People Word Wise ... Homework Center Fact Monster Favorites 2006 TFK Almanac Quiz: Charlie and the Chocolate Factory SpongeBob Lemony Snicket ... Fantasy Books Reference Desk Atlas Almanacs Dictionary Encyclopedia ... Encyclopedia Turing, Alan Mathison Turing, Alan Mathison, , British mathematician and computer theorist. While studying at Cambridge Univ. he began work in predicate logic that lead to a proof (1937) that some mathematical problems are not susceptible to solution by automated computation; in arriving at this, he postulated a universal machine, now called a Turing machine artificial intelligence ; among his contributions was the Turing test , a procedure to test whether a computer is capable of humanlike thought. He committed suicide shortly after being arrested for a homosexual offense. See biography by A. Hodge (1983). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Page Tools: Cite Print See more Encyclopedia articles on: Mathematics: Biographies AD AD AD ADS Business Cards Link to Fact Monster Add Fact Monster search ... Privacy Brought to you by: Information Please

73. Turing, Alan Mathison (1912-1954) turing, alan Mathison (19121954) At an early age, turing showed signs ofthe genius and eccentricity that were become hallmarks of his adult http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/T/Turing.html

Return to The Worlds of David Darling INDEX LATEST NEWS ARCHIVE ... Z entire Web this site Turing, Alan Mathison (1912-1954) An English mathematician considered to be one of the fathers of modern digital computing. At an early age, Turing showed signs of the genius and eccentricity that were become hallmarks of his adult personality. He taught himself to read in three weeks and made a habit of stopping at street corners to read the serial numbers of traffic lights. Later, he became a near-Olympic class runner and ran long distances with an alarm clock tied to his waist to time himself. At Cambridge, Turing studied under G. H. Hardy and got involved with problems that David Hilbert and Kurt Gödel had proposed to do with completeness and decidability in mathematics. In 1936, he introduced the idea of what became known as Turing machines algorithm . However, the Turing machine was only a theoretical possibility at that time and not a working implementation. It would remain for later researchers to solve the various practical difficulties required to make the computer a reality. Turing also showed that there were mathematical problems that a Turing machine could never solve. One of these is the

74. EpistemeLinks.com: Website Results For Philosopher Alan Turing General website search results for alan turing including brief biographies, linkresources, and more. Provided by EpistemeLinks.com. http://epistemelinks.com/Main/Philosophers.aspx?PhilCode=Turi

75. Cosmic Baseball Association-Alan M. Turing In December, 1936, alan turing published a paper entitled On Computable Numbers.With a background in mathematical logic, turing formulated what was later http://www.cosmicbaseball.com/turing6.html

Alan M. Turing Shortstop Alan M. Turing Born: June 23, 1912 - Died June 7, 1954 Mathematician/Logician/Computer Theoretician In December, 1936, Alan Turing published a paper entitled On Computable Numbers . With a background in mathematical logic, Turing formulated what was later called the "Turing Machine" and posited the notion that there are some mathematical problems that cannot be solved by machines. The concept of the "Turing Machine" has become the basis for the contemporary history of computers and computation. Turing spent the rest of his short life working in the logic/mathematics field. After receiving his Ph.D. in 1938 from Princeton University (New Jersey) he returned to England and during World War II he worked in the Government Code and Cypher School where he contributed to the decoding of the German Enigma codes. After the war he helped construct the Automatic Computing Engine (ACE) in 1945. In 1948 as deputy director of the Computing Laboratory at the University of Manchester (England), Turing had access to the MADAM (Manchester Automatic Digital Machine) computer which, at the time, had the largest memory capacity in the world. Turing's work has directly inspired the artificial intelligence wing of computer science. He believed that it was possible to build computers capable of human thought and the "Turing Test" has been used to examine this potential of computers. Basically, the test goes like this: if you are sitting at a computer terminal and "talking" with a computer and you cannot tell whether it is a human or a machine you are talking to, then the machine should be considered intelligent.

76. Rainbow Query: Search The Queer Internet For Turing, Alan turing, alan (Scroll down to view 1 to 4 of 4 entries) About alan turing,founder of computer science, British mathematician, philosopher, codebreaker, http://www.rainbowquery.com/Categories/Turing,_Alan.html

Search For: Turing, Alan All of RainbowQuery Turing, Alan (Scroll down to view 1 to 4 of 4 entries) Can't Find it Here? Search the Web. Try our search affiliate, Overture.com! Rainbow Query Site Map Rainbow Query Home Search Tips Add a Link Category Index What's Related To Turing, Alan Rainbow Daily News Bronski: Shove, the second time around Topeka rejects anti-discrimination law Gay spiritual activists move to home across street from Falwell PA borough bans gay discrimination ... Turing.org www.turing.org.uk About Alan Turing, founder of computer science, British mathematician, philosopher, codebreaker, strange visionary and a gay man before his time... See Also: Books Non-Fiction People Queer History ACM: A.M. Turing Award www.acm.org/awards/taward.html Turing Memorial www.btinternet.com/~glynhughes/turing.htm A life-like, life-size silicon-bronze of Turing by Glyn Hughes will sit in Sackville Park, Manchester - appropriately with the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology buildings on the one side and the famous gay bars of Canal Street... Alan Turing cgi.student.nada.kth.se/cgi-bin/d95-aeh/get/turingeng

77. Alan Turing Page alan turing is regarded as the master mind behind the project. alan turing theSecurity Risk. Throughout his professional career, turing was a known http://www.lambda.net/~maximum/turing.html

The Enigma Man and the Machine Alan Mathison Turing was by all accounts a genius. He was educated at King's College in Cambridge, followed by a Ph.D. in logic at Princeton. His contributions to society changed the course of World War II and pioneered the age of computers. He was also a "known homosexual". Alan Turing the Mathematician In 1936 Turing published one of this century's most significant mathematical papers "On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidundsproblem (the problem of decidability)". It introduced the idea of a universal machine, now known as a "Turing Machine", that could execute a series of operations on sequences of binary digits. Alan Turing the Intelligence Officer In 1939, Turing joined the British government's Code and Cypher School at Bletchley Park in Oxfordshire where he led the effort to crack the "Enigma Code". The Enigma machine was to used to decipher German radio messages during World War II. As a result, Allied convoys could avoid German U-boats for safe passage in the North Atlantic. Turing was admired by British Prime Minister Winston Churchill. For his contributions to his country during the war, Turing was honored with the Order of the British Empire (OBE) recognition. Alan Turing the Computer Pioneer After the war Turing worked on the Automatic Computing Engine at the National Physical Laboratory. In 1948 Turing began work at Manchester University. He was the director of the MADAM (Manchester Automatic Digital Machine) project. Turing and Professor F.C. Williams developed the first successful prototype computer (later manufactured by Ferranti of Manchester, England). Alan Turing is regarded as the master mind behind the project.

78. AlanTuring.net History of the computer largest web collection of digital facsimiles of originaldocuments by alan turing and other pioneers of computing. http://www.alanturing.net/turing_archive/

AlanTuring.net The Turing Archive for the History of Computing The documents that form the historical record of the development of computing are scattered throughout various archives, libraries and museums around the world. Until now, to study these documents required a knowledge of where to look, and a fistful of air tickets. This Virtual Archive contains digital facsimiles of the documents. The Archive places the history of computing, as told by the original documents, onto your own computer screen. This site also contains a section on codebreaking and a series of reference articles concerning Turing and his work. The Turing Archive for the History of Computing is and is the property of the Turing Project. Catalogue of the Turing Archive for the History of Computing Catalogue of Reference Articles on this Site The King's College Cambridge Turing Digital Archive The Directors of the Turing Archive for the History of Computing are Jack Copeland Jack Copeland's Home Page Diane Proudfoot Diane Proudfoot's Home Page Check these out: Scientific American: Sci/Tech Web Awards 2003 Bio of Alan Turing Photographs of Turing Sample digital facsimile from the Turing Archive for the History of Computing ... What is Artificial Intelligence?

79. TIME 100: Alan Turing While addressing a problem in the arcane field of mathematical logic, he imagineda machine that could mimic human reasoning. Sound familiar? http://www.time.com/time/time100/scientist/profile/turing.html

NATION WORLD BUSINESS ARTS ... CURRENT ISSUE Alan Turing While addressing a problem in the arcane field of mathematical logic, he imagined a machine that could mimic human reasoning. Sound familiar? By PAUL GRAY 21st Century: What's Next? Test-Based Society: The IQ Meritocracy They Were Onto Something: A Century of Science Fiction Monday, March 29, 1999 Leo Baekeland Tim Berners-Lee Rachel Carson Albert Einstein ... Ludwig Wittgenstein Categories Leaders/Revol. Builders/Titans Scientiests/Thinkers Heroes/Icons The device in this inspired mind-experiment quickly acquired a name: the Turing machine. And so did another of Turing's insights. Since the instructions on the tape governed the behavior of the machine, by changing those instructions, one could induce the machine to perform the functions of all such machines. In other words, depending on the tape it scanned, the same machine could calculate numbers or play chess or do anything else of a comparable nature. Hence his device acquired a new and even grander name: the Universal Turing Machine. So many ideas and technological advances converged to create the modern computer that it is foolhardy to give one person the credit for inventing it. But the fact remains that everyone who taps at a keyboard, opening a spreadsheet or a word-processing program, is working on an incarnation of a Turing machine.

80. Turing, Alan In UK Directory: Library: Scientists turing, alan Read biographies of the mathematician who helped crack Nazi codeand learn about his work. http://www.ukdirectory.co.uk/Library/Category10035542.html

Web Search: Turing, Alan Read biographies of the mathematician who helped crack Nazi code and learn about his work. You are here: UK Directory Library Science Scientists ... Turing, Alan Search Results About 1. Sciences Courses at the Guardian Find science courses at The Guardian. Get courses e-mailed to you with Jobmatch - the free e-mail notification service. www.guardian.co.uk/jobs 2. Cool Science that Affects Your Life The science behind surfing, skateboarding, mobile phones, fashion, chocolate and everything else that really matters to you. www.noisenet.ws 3. Shop for Science Compare prices and earn as you shop at over 600 UK stores. Register for free with MutualPoints to get cash rewards on all your purchases. mutualpoints.com Selected sites from UK Directory Listing page of 4. Alan Turing Gives a glimpse at the personal and professional sides of the math genius who helped break the Nazi code and to pave the way for computers. cgi.student.nada.kth.se 5. Alan Turing and Computer History and Philosophy Books Lists many books on Turing, World War II code breaking efforts, and the history of the computer. Book titles link to Amazon. www.a-ten.com

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