41. The Church-Turing Thesis Alonzo Church and alan turing formulated the thesis that computability coincides with recursivity; by Jack Copeland. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/church-turing/

version history HOW TO CITE THIS ENTRY Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy A ... Z This document uses XHTML/Unicode to format the display. If you think special symbols are not displaying correctly, see our guide Displaying Special Characters last substantive content change AUG The Encyclopedia Now Needs Your Support Please Read How You Can Help Keep the Encyclopedia Free The Church-Turing Thesis There are various equivalent formulations of the Church-Turing thesis. A common one is that every effective computation can be carried out by a Turing machine. The Church-Turing thesis is often misunderstood, particularly in recent writing in the philosophy of mind. The Thesis and its History Misunderstandings of the Thesis Some Key Remarks by Turing Bibliography ... Related Entries The Thesis and its History The Church-Turing thesis concerns the notion of an effective or mechanical M is set out in terms of a finite number of exact instructions (each instruction being expressed by means of a finite number of symbols); M will, if carried out without error, produce the desired result in a finite number of steps;

42. Index Of The Turing Digital Archive turing, alan Mathison Fellowship, C/28; turing, alan Mathison inquest, K/6;turing, alan Mathison King’s College, Cambridge, K/1, A/26, A/35, C/28 http://www.turingarchive.org/index/

Index of the Turing Digital Archive If you can't find what you want in this index, try searching for some key words or phrases or try browsing by category. ‘A diffusion reaction theory of morphogenesis in plants’, C/7 ‘A formal theorem in Church’s theory of types’, B/29 ‘A method for the calculation of the zeta-function’, B/17 ‘A new mechanism which slows simple conditioning’, B/34 ‘A note on normal numbers.’, C/15 ‘A practical form of type theory I’, B/3 ‘A practical form of type theory II’, C/6 A.M. Turing Award, A/24 A.M. Turing’s Original Proposal for the Development of an Electronic Computer, B/25 Abraham, M., B/33 ACE (Automatic Computing Engine), B/1 B/2 C/32 Alan Turing : the Enigma, A/38 A/40 D/11 D/12 ... D/13 Alexander, C. Hugh, A/17 Almost periodic functions, B/10 D/11 ‘An electrical hypothesis of central inhibition ...’, B/48 Andrews, A.J.P., A/15 ‘Another proof’, C/23 Ashby, W. Ross, B/34 Association of Computing Machinery, A/24 Bachman, Charles W., A/24 Ball, W.W. Rouse, B/35 Bates, John A.V., A/5 Baum, Rudy M., A/40 Bayley, Don, A/5 BBC, B/5 B/6 ‘Bemerkungen zu den Grundlagen der Geometrie’

43. ACM: A.M. Turing Award / Niklaus Wirth The Association for Computing Machinery gave Wirth the prestigious alan M. turing Award in 1984 For developing a sequence of innovative computer languages, Euler, AlgolW, Modula, Pascal. Pascal has become pedagogically significant and has provided a foundation for future computer language, systems, and architectural research. http://www.acm.org/awards/turing_citations/wirth.html

Niklaus Wirth Citation For developing a sequence of innovative computer languages, EULER, ALGOL-W, MODULA and PASCAL. PASCAL has become pedagogically significant and has provided a foundation for future computer language, systems, and architectural research. ACM/A.M. Turing Award. Last Update: February 8, 1999 HOME ABOUT ACM MEMBERSHIP PUBLICATIONS ... Association for Computing Machinery

44. BW Online | May 10, 2004 | Alan Turing: Thinking Up Computers Profile of the groundbreaking Cambridge mathematician. BusinessWeek http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/04_19/b3882029_mz072.htm

window.epulse_content_group = "cg1=magazine,cg2=innovators"; Search Advanced Search Customer Service Register Subscribe to BW ... Editorials INTERNATIONAL EDITIONS International Readers Report International Finance International Economics International Int'l Figures of the Week ... MBA Insider ONLINE FEATURES Columnists Book Reviews BW Video Interactive Gallery ... Past Covers BLOGS Blogspotting Brand New Day Deal Flow Economics Unbound ... Stock Screeners SCOREBOARDS Mutual Funds Info Tech 100 B-SCHOOLS MBA Profiles ... Who's Hiring Grads BW EXTRAS BW Digital Dashboard Widgets Handheld Edition RSS Feeds Podcasts Reprints/Permissions Conferences Investor Workshops Research Services MAY 10, 2004 Editions: Edition Preference STORY TOOLS Printer-Friendly Version E-Mail This Story var multiPageRegex = new RegExp("_PG[0-9]*_"); myPage = location.pathname; myPage = myPage.replace(multiPageRegex,"_"); var magRegex = new RegExp("magazine/content/"); myPage = myPage.replace(magRegex,"cgi-bin/register/archiveSearch.cgi?h="); document.write (''); document.write("Find More Stories Like This"); THE GREAT INNOVATORS Alan Turing: Thinking Up Computers The Cambridge University mathematician laid the foundation for the invention of software As part of its anniversary celebration

45. Inventor Alan Turing Fascinating facts about alan turing inventor of an early computer, the turingmachine in 1940. http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventors/turing.htm

46. The Virtual Museum Of Computing (VMoC) Links to online resources concerning the history of computing around the world, including pioneers of the field such as alan turing. http://archive.comlab.ox.ac.uk/other/museums/computing.html

Virtual Library Museums Computing The Virtual Museum of Computing (VMoC) Now accessible as: vmoc.i.am This virtual museum includes an eclectic collection of World Wide Web (WWW) hyperlinks connected with the history of computing and on-line computer-based exhibits available both locally and around the world. You are visitor number since this museum opened on st June 1995 The museum currently receives about 200 visitors each day. Please mail J.P.Bowen@reading.ac.uk if you know of relevant on-line information not included here. Mirror sites are available in Sweden and USA courtesy of ICOM , and also elsewhere , including the UK , if you experience poor access speed. Automatic redirection to a mirror site is available. Selected recent additions and events EDSAC 99 , 50th Anniversary of the EDSAC 1 computer, Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK, 15-16 April 1999 50th Anniversary of Joe Lyons' decision to give the go ahead to the building of LEO 15 October 1999 Tommy Flowers , MBE, codebreaking engineer at Bletchley Park who worked on Colossus, died on 28 October 1998, aged 92

47. On Computable Numbers, With An Application To The Entscheidungsproblem - A. M. T Computing machinery and intelligence was published by alan turing in 1950.The document, the turing test and intelligence by abelard, gives further analysis http://www.abelard.org/turpap2/tp2-ie.asp

site map A. M. Turing  [ NOV. 12 1936.] ON COMPUTABLE NUMBERS, WITH AN APPLICATION TO THE ENTSCHEIDUNGSPROBLEM By A. M. TURING On computable numbers, with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem was written by Alan Turing in 1936. Computing machinery and intelligence (Turing) the Turing test and intelligence (abelard) On computable numbers, with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem (Turing) Decision processes (abelard) The document, decision processes by abelard, gives an empiric analysis of the Entscheidungsproblem.. Computing machinery and intelligence was published by Alan Turing in 1950. The document, the Turing test and intelligence by abelard, gives further analysis. Web abelard.org This document uses advanced technology. Does this embedded character z match this character? You will need to use a Microsoft Internet Explorer browser (version 4 or above) to see this document in full. If, on your screen, the embedded character (above on the left) does not appear similar to the character on the right, your browser is unable to display these embedded characters. A suitable browser is available to download (free) from Microsoft Such browsers (Microsoft browsers version 4 and higher) can also be found on many software CD-ROMs.

48. Alexander Jahn - Alan Turing Und Die Enigma Lebenslauf und Informationen zu den Anf¤ngen der EnigmaEntschl¼sselung. http://www-ivs.cs.uni-magdeburg.de/bs/lehre/wise0102/progb/vortraege/jahn/turing

Alan Turing und die Turing-Maschine Alan Mathison Turing "On Computable Numbers" Turing-Maschine universelle Turing-Maschine Index Bletchley Park Turing-Bombe Ergebnisse ... Alexander Jahn - Informatik 2000

49. Alan Turing The account below relies on the book alan turing the Enigma (1983) by AndrewHodges alan turing and his older brother John had a childhood ridigly http://www.math.sfu.ca/histmath/Europe/20thCenturyAD/Turing.html

Alan Turing The account below relies on the book "Alan Turing: the Enigma" (1983) by Andrew Hodges who maintains the Alan Turing home page Alan Mathison Turing was born June 23, 1912 in a nursing home in Paddington, London to Julius Mathison and Ethel Sara Turing. His father Julius, an officer in the British administration in India , decided that his son would be raised in England. Alan Turing and his older brother John had a childhood ridigly determined by the demands of the class and the exile in India of his parents. Alan and his brother were shuffled amongst various English foster homes as children until their father retired from India in 1926. Alan was niether encouraged nor supported in the foster homes and through his own pursuits found a deep underlying passion for science, first in chemistry experiments. As Alan became more enticed with science his mother worried that he would not be accepted into Sherbourne,the English Public School. However, in 1926 Alan was granted admission into Sherbourne and his mother's fears were dissolved for a short while. Soon after his admission the Headmaster soon reported :"If he is to be solely a scientific specialist, he is wasting his time at a public school." In hindsight, we might say this Headmaster's assessment was almost correct. Many other teachers also made similar remarks In 1928, Turing began to study relativity. It was at this time, on the sixth form that Alan met

50. The Turing Test Proposal due to alan turing for a criterion of the presence of mind or consciousness; by Graham Oppy and David Dowe. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/turing-test/

version history HOW TO CITE THIS ENTRY Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy A ... Z This document uses XHTML/Unicode to format the display. If you think special symbols are not displaying correctly, see our guide Displaying Special Characters last substantive content change JUL The Encyclopedia Now Needs Your Support Please Read How You Can Help Keep the Encyclopedia Free The Turing Test Discourse on the Method . (Copeland (2000:527) finds an anticipation of the test in the 1668 writings of the Cartesian de Cordemoy. Gunderson (1964) provides an early instance of those who find that Turing's work is foreshadowed in the work of Descartes.) In the Discourse , Descartes says: logically possible for an entity to pass the kinds of tests that Descartes and (at least allegedly) Turing have in mind to use words (and, perhaps, to act) in just the kind of way that human beings do and yet to be entirely lacking in intelligence, not possessed of a mind, etc. 1. Turing (1950) and the Imitation Game 2. Turing (1950) and Responses to Objections 2.1 The Theological Objection 2.3 The Mathematical Objection ... Related Entries 1. Turing (1950) and the Imitation Game X Y X X is the person and Y X is the machine and Y X please tell me whether X X must answer questions that are addressed to X . The object of the machine is to try to cause the interrogator to mistakenly conclude that the machine is the other person; the object of the other person is to try to help the interrogator to correctly identify the machine. About this game, Turing (1950) says:

51. Turing, Alan M. --  Encyclopædia Britannica turing, alan M. British mathematician and logician who made major contributionsto mathematics, cryptanalysis, logic, philosophy, and biology and to the new http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9073839

Home Browse Newsletters Store ... Subscribe Already a member? Log in Content Related to this Topic This Article's Table of Contents Introduction Early life and career Code breaker Computer designer Artificial intelligence pioneer ... Print this Table of Contents Shopping Price: USD $1495 Revised, updated, and still unrivaled. The Official Scrabble Players Dictionary (Hardcover) Price: USD $15.95 The Scrabble player's bible on sale! Save 30%. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary Price: USD $19.95 Save big on America's best-selling dictionary. Discounted 38%! More Britannica products Turing, Alan M.  Encyclopædia Britannica Article Page 1 of 6 Alan M. Turing born June 23, 1912, London, Eng. died June 7, 1954, Wilmslow, Cheshire in full Alan Mathison Turing British mathematician and logician who made major contributions to mathematics, cryptanalysis , logic, philosophy, and biology and to the new areas later named computer science , cognitive science, artificial intelligence , and artificial life.

52. Artificial Intelligence Pioneer (from Turing, Alan M.) --  Encyclopædia Britan turing, alan M. turing was a founding father of modern cognitive science and aleading early exponent of the hypothesis that the human brain is in large http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?tocId=214879

53. Template alan turing was born at Paddington, London. His father, Julius Mathison turing,was a British member of the Indian Civil Service and he was often abroad. http://www.thocp.net/biographies/turing_alan.html

Alan Mathison Turing June 23, 1912 London, England June 7, 1954, Wilmslow, England principal papers hardware software keywords see also related subjects Achievement Biography Alan Turing was born at Paddington, London. His father, Julius Mathison Turing, was a British member of the Indian Civil Service and he was often abroad. Alan's mother, Ethel Sara Stoney, was the daughter of the chief engineer of the Madras railways and Alan's parents had met and married in India. When Alan was about one year old his mother rejoined her husband in India, leaving Alan in England with friends of the family. Alan was sent to school but did not seem to be obtaining any benefit so he was removed from the school after a few months. He was criticised for his handwriting, struggled at English, and even in mathematics he was too interested with his own ideas to produce solutions to problems using the methods taught by his teachers. Despite producing unconventional answers, Turing did win almost every possible mathematics prize while at Sherborne. In chemistry, a subject which had interested him from a very early age, he carried out experiments following his own agenda which did not please his teacher. Turing's headmaster wrote (see for example [5]):- If he is to stay at Public School, he must aim at becoming educated. If he is to be solely a Scientific Specialist, he is wasting his time at a Public School.

54. Turing_Note alan turing. British mathematician who invented a conceptual machine with hisname (turing machine), which is quite useful for characterizing the essence of http://www.bun.kyoto-u.ac.jp/phisci/Gallery/turing_note.html

Alan Turing British mathematician who invented a conceptual machine with his name (Turing machine), which is quite useful for characterizing the essence of computation. Computability by means of a Turing machine can be clearly defined, and it can replace our informal and intuitive notion of computation (Church-Turing Thesis); but as it turns out, it has a definite limitation. "Can there be a Turing machine which can decide, for any pair of a Turing machine and its input tape, whether it will stop after a finite amount of time?" (Halting Problem) Turing proved that there cannot be any such machine (thus the halting problem is one of the "undecidable problems"). This has a close relationship with Goedel's Incompleteness Theorem. Turing worked, during the war, for manufacturing an actual computing machine: the Colossus for deciphering the German cryptography produced by the machine "Enigma". And after the war, Turing published an influential paper "Computing Machinery and Intelligence" ( Mind , 1950) in which he proposed the "Turing Test" for judging whether or not something is "intelligent". This paper soon became a "classic" both in the field of artificial intelligence and philosophy of mind.

55. Alan Turing Stories involving turing. http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/people/alan_turing/

Search: Wired News Animation Wired Magazine HotBot (the Web) - Aug 1997 5.08: Idées Fortes Alan Turing, of course, turned the original question into a celebrated test of computing machinery and intelligence. RELATED READING Search for books on Web Sites Created by his biographer Andrew Hodge, the Alan Turing homepage includes extensive biographical information and an Internet scrapbook about the inventor of the Turing machine and the founder of computer science. Do you want to learn how to develop your own Turing machine? Click here ml Other Stories - Nov 1998 Wired 6.11: The Wired 25 ) So, in the early 1980s, he painstakingly rewrote Alan Turing's original definitions of computing in order to clearly base them in the realm of quantum mechanics. - Jan 1997 Happy Birthday, Hal The HAL 9000 computer - an artificial intelligence that could think, talk, see, feel, and occasionally go berserk - was supposed to be operational in January 1997. Has anyone seen HAL? According to Alan Turing, language skills and common sense are the essence of intelligence. - Mar 1996 4.03: Street Cred

56. Biographie De Turing alan turing, mathématicien et logicien anglais, parues dansle magazine Info Science, le Quotidien en ligne. http://www.infoscience.fr/histoire/portrait/turing.html

Accueil Actualités En bref Dossiers ... Archives Histoire des sciences Civilisations Portraits Biographies Sciences en culture Livres Cédéroms Télévision Vidéos ... Expositions Dialogues Forums 6 Chat Notre sélection web Vie des universités Petites annonces Adresses Colloques Vie pratique Pollution Météo Astronomie Unités de mesure ... autres portraits Par ses travaux théoriques dans les domaines de la logique et des probabilités, Alan Mathison Turing est considéré, sinon comme le fondateur des ordinateurs, en tout cas comme l'un des pères spirituels de l'intelligence artificielle. Né le 23 juin à Paddington (Londres), Alan est le fils de Julius Mathison, officier de l'armée des Indes et d'Ethel Sarah Turing, fille d'un ingénieur des chemins de fer à Madras. A l'âge d'un an, il est confié par sa mère, qui rejoint alors son mari aux Indes, à la garde d'amis. Le couple ne reviendra en Angleterre qu'en 1926, à la retraite de Julius. Benjamin de la famille, Alan connaît une scolarité sans éclat malgré un esprit brillant et de nettes dispositions pour les sciences. En 1928, à Sherborne School où il est entré deux ans plus tôt, il fait la connaissance de Christopher Marcom. Cette rencontre provoque en lui un déclic et l'amène à s'intéresser réellement à la science et plus exactement aux mathématiques. La relation des deux adolescents s'achève tragiquement en février 1930 avec la mort de Christopher.

57. Alan Turing: PopSubCulture.com's The Biography Project - Creator Of The Turing T Biography, bibliography and links. http://www.popsubculture.com/pop/bio_project/alan_turing.html

Alan Turing: biography, bibliography, and links INTERNAL LINKS Bletchley Park World War II amazon uk books Ludwig Wittgenstein ... site map Alan Turing Biographical Notes Alan Mathison Turing was born on 23 June 1912, in a nursing home in Paddington, London. His father Julius was employed in the Indian Civil Service. His father's brother, H. D. Turing, was, at the time, a well known expert on fly fishing. Alan spends his first thirteen years in India suffering through a series of intellectually discouraging English foster homes. Upon returning to England in 1926, he is entered into the Sherborne School. Meets Christopher Morcom in 1928, who was to become one of the key figures in his life. Turing is extremely attracted to Morcom. They form an intellectual companionship, which is highly stimulating to Turing. Morcom dies suddenly in 1930, devastating Turing. Turing then becomes obsessed with the problem of how the human mind is embodied in matter; of how the mind might be preserved after the death. Towards this end, he begins to study quantum mechanics. In 1931, Turing enters King's College in

58. Janus: The Papers Of Alan Mathison Turing Origination turing, alan Mathison, Meltzer, Bernard and Michie, Donald. Origination turing, alan Mathison. 1 volume and 11 sheets in envelope; paper. http://janus.lib.cam.ac.uk/db/node.xsp?id=EAD/GBR/0272/AMT/B

59. Turing, Alan Mathison. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 turing, alan Mathison. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 200105. http://www.bartleby.com/65/tu/Turing-A.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia Cultural Literacy World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations Respectfully Quoted English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia PREVIOUS NEXT ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Turing, Alan Mathison

60. Dictionary Of Philosophy Of Mind - Turing, Alan turing, alan (b. 1912, London, UK, d. 1953, Wilmslow, Cheshire, UK. Ph.D.mathematics, Princeton, 1938). turing was a major influence on the development http://www.artsci.wustl.edu/~philos/MindDict/turing.html

we've moved to philosophy.uwaterloo.ca/MindDict . Please update any links and go there for the latest version. Turing, Alan (b. 1912, London, UK, d. 1953, Wilmslow, Cheshire, UK. Ph.D. mathematics, Princeton, 1938). Turing was a major influence on the development of computational theory. The term Turing machine was introduced by Alonzo Church in his 1937 review of Turing's paper in the Journal of Symbolic Logic. Turing proposed the test of thinking in machines that bears his name in a 1950 article in the journal Mind (59, 433-60). See Turing machine Turing test Tadeusz Zawidzki References Zusne, Leonard (1987). Eponyms in psychology . Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. bookstore Last updated: May 11, 2004 Thanks to our sponsors: Logo design by logobee

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