21. Alan Turing Alan Mathison Turing was born on June 23rd 1912 in Paddington, London. Alan Turing was a brilliant original thinker. Formally a mathematician, in his http://www.computer50.org/mark1/turing.html

Mark 1 Story : Introduction The Baby Manchester Mark 1 Ferranti Mark 1 Current Page : Turing Machine Turing at Princeton Enigma v. Bombe Mark 1 ... End of Page (Links) Alan M. Turing (1912 - 1954) Alan Mathison Turing was born on June 23rd 1912 in Paddington, London. He was educated at Sherborne School, and then went to King's College, Cambridge in 1931 to read Mathematics. Alan Turing was a brilliant original thinker. Formally a mathematician, in his lifetime he studied and wrote papers over a whole spectrum of subjects, from philosophy and psychology through to physics, chemistry and biology. He was probably at his happiest when he could combine high-level thinking with hands-on experience with machinery or experiments. In addition to his many other interests, for most of his postgraduate life he probably had a deeper understanding of computers and their potential in the future than anyone else. For the full story of Turing's life, visit the Turing Web Site , from which much of this description is derived. The Turing Machine (1934-36) Turing graduated from Cambridge in Mathematics in 1934, and was a fellow at Kings for two years, during which he wrote his now famous paper published in 1937 "

22. Alan Mathison Turing turing alan MATHISON. Britain 19351954. Bamford,J. Body of Secrets. turing alan MATHISON. Click on a name for a new proximity search http://www.namebase.org/main1/Alan-Mathison-Turing.html

TURING ALAN MATHISON Britain 1935-1954 Bamford,J. Body of Secrets. 2001 Bird,K. The Color of Truth. 1998 Brand,S. The Media Lab. 1987 Brockman,J. Digerati. 1996 ... Wright,P. Spycatcher. 1987 pages cited this search: 20 Order hard copy of these pages Show a social network diagram for this name The names below are mentioned on the listed pages with the name TURING ALAN MATHISON Click on a name for a new proximity search: ALEXANDER HUGH ODONEL Wright,P. Spycatcher. 1987 BIJUR BILL Bird,K. The Color of Truth. 1998 ... Brand,S. The Media Lab. 1987 TURING ALAN MATHISON pages searched: 19 These names share the indicated number of pages with the above name. Click on a name below for a standard name search: FEIGENBAUM EDWARD A FRIENDLY ALFRED LANIER JARON MILNER-BARRY PHILIP STUART ... NameBase book reviews

23. Alan Turing - Wikiquote Source A Hodges Alan Turing the Enigma of Intelligence, (London 1983) 251.Occurred in 1943, New York the Bell Labs Cafeteria http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Alan_Turing

Wikimedia needs your help in its US$200,000 fund drive. See our fundraising page for details. Alan Turing From Wikiquote Alan Turing June 23 June 7 British mathematician and cryptographer , considered to be one of the fathers of modern Computer Science "We can only see a short distance ahead, but we can see plenty there that needs to be done." Source: his paper on the Turing Test "His high pitched voice already stood out above the general murmur of well-behaved junior executives grooming themselves for promotion within the Bell corporation. Then he was suddenly heard to say: 'No, I'm not interested in developing a powerful brain. All I'm after is just a mediocre brain, something like the President of the American Telephone and Telegraph Company.'" Source: A Hodges Alan Turing: the Enigma of Intelligence , (London 1983) 251. Occurred in 1943, New York: the Bell Labs Cafeteria "Science is a differential equation . Religion is a boundary condition Source: J D Barrow Theories of everything "...I believe that at the end of the century the use of words and general educated opinion will have altered so much that one will be able to speak of machines thinking without expecting to be contradicted." "Mathematical reasoning may be regarded rather schematically as the exercise of a combination of two facilities, which we may call intuition and ingenuity."

24. Matt & Andrej Koymasky - Famous GLTB - Turing Alan turing alan Mathison Turing, the founder of computer science, mathematician, The world has Alan Turing, a gay man, for the computers we use today. http://andrejkoymasky.com/liv/fam/biot2/turi1.html

BIOGRAPHIES Last update: February 15 th Alan Mathison Turing (June 23, 1912 - June 7, 1954) U.K. Matematician, philisopher and founder of computer-science Alan Mathison Turing, the founder of computer science, mathematician, philosopher, codebreaker, strange visionary and a gay man before his time, was born at Warrington Lodge, Warington Crescent, Maida Vale, London. His lover was one Kjell. Alan Turing's major accomplishments are in two areas; Cryptography - the study and the breaking of secret codes, and Computer science - related math. Turing proved the theorem of "Universal Computation", basically, a proof that a simple abstract engine (the Turing Machine) was capable of computing a set of functions known as the 'computable functions'. Computability Theory is the cornerstone of what, today, is know as Computer Science. The world has Alan Turing, a gay man, for the computers we use today. Born in Paddington, London, as soon as he began attending school, his interest for science began to emerge. When it came to topics of English and History however, his attention wandered. His instructors attempted to get Alan to study other subjects, but he would pull towards mathematics and science. He retained this interest throughout his education. Turing began his scholarly career in mathematics at King's College, Cambridge University in 1931. It was here that his previous discoveries began to emerge. Turing seemed to have little interest in using the work of previous scientists; such as Joseph Jacquard or George Boole. He would typically spend time recreating their work instead. Upon graduation, Turing was made a fellow of King's College, and then moved on to Princeton University to receive his Ph.D. At Princeton, Turing spent his time making a cipher machine based on using electromagnetic relays to multiplying binary numbers.

25. Citations Computing Machinery And Intelligence - Turing Alan M. Turing. Computing Machinery and Intelligence. In Mind, Vol. 59, No. Turing, Alan M., Computing Machinery and Intelligence, Mind LIX, no. http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/context/55490/0

26. Turing Alan Mathison Translate this page Définition de turing alan Mathison. turing alan Mathison, 16-04-2001. np. h.PERS (23/06/1912 - 07/06/1954) Mathématicien, logicien et informaticien http://matrix.samizdat.net/pratique/jargon_3.2.119/T/Turing_Alan_Mathison.html

Turing Alan Mathison np. h. PERS ] (23/06/1912 - 07/06/1954) Mathématicien, logicien et informaticien britannique, qui fut l'un des fondateurs de l'informatique moderne, avec Von Neumann John et Wiener Norbert . La Machine de Turing est la machine contenant toutes les possibilités de transformation de toutes les autres machines. C'est grâce à Turing que les alliés ont percé le secret d'Enigma, le système de chiffrement des Allemands. Au lieu de devenir un héros, il fut accusé d'avoir des relations homosexuelles (ce qui fut un crime jusqu'à la fin des années 60 en Angleterre). On le força alors à se faire traiter par des hormones féminines, et quand il commença à avoir de la poitrine, il enduisit une pomme d'arsenic pour se suicider. http://www.turing.org.uk/ Articles liés à celui-ci : Church Alonzo Colossus test de Turing Von Neumann John ... Wiener Norbert Articles voisins : tunelling tuner tuning tuple ... Courrier

27. Alan Turing - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Alan Turing is often considered the father of modern computer science. Enlarge Alan Turing, on the steps of the bus, with members of the Walton Athletic http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Turing

Wikimedia needs your help in the final days of its fund drive. See our fundraising page The Red Cross and other charities also need your help. Alan Turing From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Alan Turing is often considered the father of modern computer science Alan Mathison Turing June 23 June 7 ) was a British mathematician logician cryptographer , and is often considered a father of modern computer science . With the Turing Test , he made a significant and characteristically provocative contribution to the debate regarding artificial consciousness : whether it will ever be possible to say that a machine is conscious and can think . He provided an influential formalisation of the concept of algorithm and computation with the Turing machine , formulating the now widely accepted "Turing" version of the Church-Turing thesis , namely that any practical computing model has either the equivalent or a subset of the capabilities of a Turing machine. During World War II , Turing worked at Bletchley Park where he made significant contributions to breaking German ciphers , and particularly the German Enigma machine After the war, he worked at the

28. History Of Computers: Alan Turing Alan M. Turing. Alan Mathison Turing was one of the great pioneers of the computerfield. He inspired the now famous Turing machine and Turing s Test. http://www2.fht-esslingen.de/studentisches/Computer_Geschichte/grp3/turing1.html

THIS IS THE - Alan Mathison Turing - PAGE Who was Alan Turing ? Alan M. Turing Alan Mathison Turing was one of the great pioneers of the computer field. He inspired the now famous "Turing machine" and "Turing's Test." As a mathematician he applied the concept of the algorithm to digital computers. His research into the relationships between machines and nature created the field of artificial intelligence. His intelligence and foresight made him one of the first to step into the information age. Turing 1935 He began his career in mathematics at King's College, Cambridge University in 1931. It was here that his tendencies to recreate previous discoveries began to emerge. Turing seemed to have little interest in using the work of previous scientists; he would typically spend time recreating their work instead. Upon graduation, Turing was made a fellow of King's College, and then moved on to Princeton University. It was during this time that he explored what was later called the "Turing Machine." Turing helped pioneer the concept of the digital computer. The Turing Machine that he envisioned is essentially the same as today's multi-purpose computers. He described a machine that would read a series of ones and zeros from a tape. These ones and zeros described the steps that needed to be done to solve a particular problem or perform a certain task. The Turing Machine would read each of the steps and perform them in sequence, resulting in the proper answer.

29. Alan Turing Alan Turing was an English mathematician and a founder of modern computer science . And, if you are interested in Theatre there is a play on Alan Turing http://www.exploratorium.edu/complexity/CompLexicon/Turing.html

Alan Turing (1912-1954) Alan Turing was an English mathematician and a founder of modern computer science. In 1936 Turing published a seminal paper, "On Computable Numbers" , in which he conceived a remarkably simple, but powerful abstract device for performing all possible computations. The device, now called a Turing machine, consisted of an infinite storage tape and read-write heads controlled by a finite set of rules. Based on the current internal state of the control and the value of the current tape cell, the Turing machine selects a rule that changes the internal state, writes a value in the current tape cell, and moves the read-write head left or right one tape cell. After graduate studies at Princeton University from 1936 to 1938, he worked in the British Foreign Office through World War II, where he played a leading role in efforts to break enemy codes. In 1945 he joined the National Physical Laboratory in London and worked on the Automatic Computing Engine (ACE), where he developed an original detailed design and prospectus for a computer in the modern sense, including a then preposterous 4K bytes of storage space. In 1948 he became deputy director of the Computing Laboratory at Manchester, where the Manchester University Computer, the first operational electronic programmable computer, was being built. He also worked on theories of artificial intelligence and on the application of mathematical theory to biological phenomenon. In 1952 he began publication of his theoretical study of morphogenesis, the development of pattern and form in living organisms.

30. Turing Digital Archive Digital archive of items relating to alan turing. http://www.turingarchive.org/

The Turing Digital Archive Turing, Alan Mathison (1912-1954) FRS OBE Photo from the 1930s. Item K/7/9 This digital archive contains mainly unpublished personal papers and photographs of Alan Turing from 1923-1972. The originals are in the Turing archive in King's College Cambridge. It contains letters, obituaries and memoirs written by colleagues and used by Sara Turing for her biography of her son (Heffers: Cambridge, 1959); talks and publications on the Automatic Computing Engine, his work at the National Physical Laboratory, the theories of computable numbers, digital computers, morphogenesis and the chemical development of cells. You must read and agree to the before you can view the contents of the archive. Introduction Browse Search Index Sponsors:

31. Alan Turing British mathematician, cryptographer, and one of the key inventors of the modern computer. After his profound contributions to helping win World War II, he was persecuted for his homosexuality by his own government, and driven to suicide. Maintained by turing biographer Andrew Hodges extensive resources and links, online versions of several long essays on turing. http://www.turing.org.uk/

A L A N T U R I N G Website maintained by Andrew Hodges The domain www.turing.org.uk is dedicated to ALAN TURING founder of computer science: The Alan Turing Home Page My book It is maintained by Andrew Hodges, author of the biography Alan Turing: the Enigma Andrew Hodges Main Page Continue to the Alan Turing Home Page Or go directly to these areas of the site: Philosophy Area Alan Turing Internet Scrapbook Short Turing biography My publications Archives, photographs Turing Bibliography Search the site: Site map A branch of the Virtual Library and Virtual Museum of Computing A D V E R T I S I N G Doing research? Try us for books computers scanners , or monitors Or try to relax with a chart CD pop CD dvd video , or bottle of wine Escape it all with flights a hotel holidays in europe , or short breaks cursos masters tutoriales ... foros

32. Alan Mathison Turing Undergraduate biographical essay by John M. Kowalik. http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~history/Turing.html

Alan Turing by John M. Kowalik Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for CS 3604, Professionalism in Computing, Fall 1995. Born 23 June 1912, London; Died 7 June 1954, Manchester England; Pioneer in developing computer logic as we know it today. One of the first to approach the topic of artificial intelligence. Education: Sherborne School, 1926-31; Wrangler, Mathematics Tripos, Kings College, Cambridge,1931; Ph.D., Princeton University, 1938 Professional Experience: Fellow, King's College, 1935-45;Princeton University, 1936-38; British Foreign Office, Bletchley Park, 1939-45; National Physical Laboratory, 1945-48; University of Manchester, 1948-54; Honors and Awards: Smith's Prize, Cambridge University, 1936; Order of the British Empire (OBE), 1946; Fellow, Royal Society, 1951. Alan Mathison Turing was one of the great pioneers of the computer field. He inspired the now common terms of "The Turing Machine" and "Turing's Test." As a mathematician he applied the concept of the algorithm to digital computers. His research into the relationships between machines and nature created the field of artificial intelligence. His intelligence and foresight made him one of the first to step into the information age. Alan Turing was born in London on June 23, 1912. As soon as he began attending school, his aptitude for the sciences began to emerge. When it came to the more 'right brain' topics of English and history however, his attention waned. His instructors attempted to get Alan to study other disciplines, but he would respond to mathematics and science. He retained this trait throughout his education.

33. Alan Turing Life and work of philosopher and mathematician alan Mathison turing; by Andrew Hodges. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/turing/

version history HOW TO CITE THIS ENTRY Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy A ... Z This document uses XHTML/Unicode to format the display. If you think special symbols are not displaying correctly, see our guide Displaying Special Characters last substantive content change JUN The Encyclopedia Now Needs Your Support Please Read How You Can Help Keep the Encyclopedia Free Alan Turing Alan Turing (1912-1954) never described himself as a philosopher, but his 1950 paper "Computing Machinery and Intelligence" is one of the most frequently cited in modern philosophical literature. It gave a fresh approach to the traditional mind-body problem, by relating it to the mathematical concept of computability he himself had introduced in his 1936-7 paper "On computable numbers, with an application to the Entscheidungproblem." His work can be regarded as the foundation of computer science and of the artificial intelligence program. 1. Outline of Life 2. The Turing Machine and Computability 3. The Logical and the Physical 4. The Uncomputable ... Related Entries 1. Outline of Life Alan Turing's short and extraordinary life has attracted wide interest. It has inspired his mother's memoir (E. S. Turing 1959), a detailed biography (Hodges 1983), a play and television film (Whitemore 1986), and various other works of fiction and art.

34. Computing Machinery And Intelligence - A.m. Turing, 1950 The classic 1950 article by alan turing on machine intelligence, where he introduces the famous turing test. http://www.abelard.org/turpap/turpap.htm

[VOL. LIX. No.236.] [October, 1950] MIND A QUARTERLY REVIEW OF PSYCHOLOGY AND PHILOSOPHY Computing machinery and intelligence - A. M. Turing site map On computable numbers, with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem was written by Alan Turing in 1936. Computing machinery and intelligence (Turing) the Turing test and intelligence (abelard) On computable numbers, with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem (Turing) Decision processes (abelard) The document, decision processes by abelard, gives an empiric analysis of the Entscheidungsproblem.. Computing machinery and intelligence was published by Alan Turing in 1950. The document, the Turing test and intelligence by abelard, gives further analysis. Web abelard.org Index 1 The Imitation Game 2 Critique of the New Problem 3 The Machine concerned in the Game 4 Digital Computers ... Foot notes COMPUTING MACHINERY AND INTELLIGENCE BY A.M.TURING

35. Turing Biography from the MacTutor History of Mathematics archive. http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Turing.html

Alan Mathison Turing Born: 23 June 1912 in London, England Died: 7 June 1954 in Wilmslow, Cheshire, England Click the picture above to see two larger pictures Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Version for printing Alan Turing was born at Paddington, London. His father, Julius Mathison Turing, was a British member of the Indian Civil Service and he was often abroad. Alan's mother, Ethel Sara Stoney, was the daughter of the chief engineer of the Madras railways and Alan's parents had met and married in India. When Alan was about one year old his mother rejoined her husband in India, leaving Alan in England with friends of the family. Alan was sent to school but did not seem to be obtaining any benefit so he was removed from the school after a few months. Next he was sent to Hazlehurst Preparatory School where he seemed to be an 'average to good' pupil in most subjects but was greatly taken up with following his own ideas. He became interested in chess while at this school and he also joined the debating society. He completed his Common Entrance Examination in 1926 and then went to Sherborne School. Now 1926 was the year of the general strike and when the strike was in progress Turing cycled 60 miles to the school from his home, not too demanding a task for Turing who later was to become a fine athlete of almost Olympic standard. He found it very difficult to fit into what was expected at this public school, yet his mother had been so determined that he should have a public school education. Many of the most original thinkers have found conventional schooling an almost incomprehensible process and this seems to have been the case for Turing. His genius drove him in his own directions rather than those required by his teachers.

36. Janus: The Papers Of Alan Mathison Turing Collection record of Turings papers at Kings College, Cambridge. http://janus.lib.cam.ac.uk/db/node.xsp?id=EAD/GBR/0272/AMT

37. AlanTuring.net Archive and historical records pertaining to the work of computing pioneer alan turing. http://www.alanturing.net/

AlanTuring.net The Turing Archive for the History of Computing Largest web collection of digital facsimiles of original documents by Turing and other pioneers of computing. Plus articles about Turing and his work, including Artificial Intelligence. NEW Recently declassified previously top-secret documents about codebreaking. The Turing Archive for the History of Computing is now hosted in two locations FOR FASTEST ACCESS TIMES click the location closest to you The Turing Archive for the History of Computing is hosted by University of Canterbury in New Zealand University of San Francisco in the United States. Site maintained by Jack Copeland

38. Alan Turing - Home Page alan turing Home Page. Guide to a large website maintained by Andrew Hodges,biographer of alan turing (19121954). http://www.turing.org.uk/turing/

The Alan Turing Home Page Maintained by Andrew Hodges, author of Alan Turing: the Enigma. This page is the guide to a large website dedicated to Alan Turing (1912-1954) Who was Alan Turing? Founder of computer science, mathematician, philosopher, codebreaker, strange visionary and a gay man before his time: 1912 (23 June): Birth, Paddington, London 1926-31: Sherborne School 1930: Death of friend Christopher Morcom 1931-34: Undergraduate at King's College, Cambridge University 1932-35: Quantum mechanics, probability, logic 1935: Elected fellow of King's College, Cambridge 1936: The Turing machine, computability, universal machine 1936-38: Princeton University. Ph.D. Logic, algebra, number theory 1938-39: Return to Cambridge. Introduced to German Enigma cipher machine 1939-40: The Bombe, machine for Enigma decryption 1939-42: Breaking of U-boat Enigma, saving battle of the Atlantic 1943-45: Chief Anglo-American crypto consultant. Electronic work. 1945: National Physical Laboratory, London 1946: Computer and software design leading the world.

39. Alan M. Turing -- Part II From Mathematical Constructivity to Computer Science alan turing, turing,alan M. 1937. On Computable Numbers with an Application to the http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~history/Turing.2.html

In a set of interviews in 1992 with I. Jack Good and Donald Michie[2], both colleagues of Turing during his Bletchley Park sojourn, I led them to discuss their knowledge of Turing's homosexuality: Good: ... when we walked down King's Parade [in 1947] that was the first time I discovered that he was homosexual. That was when he said that he was going to Paris to "see a boy". It was obvious that he was admitting or proclaiming his homosexuality. Lee: He was very open about it? Good: Yes, at that time. Michie: He certainly wasn't during the war, for some of us, including both of us, were quite unaware ... I took quite seriously his engagement to ... Good: Joan Clarke? Michie: At the same time I was thoroughly aware that the whole problem of converse with women was a great burden, and problem, for him. And I recall him explaining to me once, I didn't think he was homosexual as a result of this conversation, because I [saw him through] the eyes of a rather priggish young person (me) who had just left school and just experimenting with female company - I had grown up to look on women as undereducated relative to men, which to put it that way, which in perhaps to some extent in those days was the case. But he put it in a very grotesque way to me and said "you know, the problem is that you have to talk them", "If you take a girl out, you have to talk to her. And then so often when a woman says something, to me it is as though a frog has suddenly jumped out of her mouth." It was an extremely unpleasant metaphor.

40. Alan Turing Een uitgebreid artikel over alan turing, ©©n van de grondleggers van de informatica, en de door hem ontwikkelde turing machines. http://users.compaqnet.be/stijn-heymans/Turing/AlanTuringnl.html

Alan Turing English version here Alan M. Turing (1912-1954) Alan Mathison Turing zag het levenslicht op 23 juni 1912 in Paddington bij Londen. Doordat zijn vader tot zijn pensioen in 1926 in India, toen nog Brits, werkte, groeide hij en z'n iets oudere broer voornamelijk in Engelse tehuizen op, waar expressie, originaliteit en creativiteit, niet echt aangemoedigd werden (wetenschappen was dus zeker uit den boze). Turing interesseerde zich echter wél voor de exacte vakken en amuseerde zich toen al met chemische experimentjes. Van 1926 tot 1931 zat hij op een Engelse public school : Sherborne School, waar hij systematisch slechte punten haalde. Enkel voor wiskunde en andere wetenschapsvakken ging het beter, al waren de leerkrachten ook daar niet echt over te spreken (« His work is dirty »). Hij werd meer als een probleem voor de maatschappij beschouwd dan een toegevoegde waarde en ook in zijn verdere leven kreeg hij niet de waardering die hij verdiende. In 1931 sleept hij een studiebeurs in de wacht voor King's College, Cambridge. Van dan komt Turings carrière in een stroomversnelling. In 1935 krijgt hij een ambt aan King's College. In 1936 krijgt hij de Smith's Price voor zijn werk in de kanstheorie. Hij lijkt af te stevenen op een succesvolle loopbaan als zuiver wiskundige. Z'n unieke geest drijft hem echter in een andere richting. In 1933 had Turing kennis gemaakt met Russel en Whitehead's "Principia Mathematica" en daarmee met het gebied van de wiskundige logica. Bertrand Russel was van mening dat alles wat wiskundig waar is men logisch kan afleiden met behulp van een welomlijnde verzameling afleidingsregels. Maar er waren sinds dan veel vragen gerezen over hoe waarheid door om 't even welk formalisme gevat kon worden. In het bijzonder had Gödel in 1931 Russel's standpunt ontkracht door te tonen dat de wiskunde niet compleet is : er zijn ware stellingen over getallen die niet kunnen bewezen worden door de formele toepassing van deductieregels.

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