1. Zu_Chongzhi Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index. Version for printing Zu Chongzhi's name is sometimes written as tsu ch'ung chi. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

2. Representative Image Representative Image Name tsu ch'ung chi http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

3. History 430AD tsu ch'ung chi was born in Fanyang, China in 430 AD. He was an astronomer, engineer and mathematician. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

4. EUCLID tsu ch'ung chi c.430 c.501 Chinese Mathematician http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

5. Asian Links - China, Japan, Korea, India Language Marco Polo travels map - Mathematicians - China's tsu ch'ung chi. Mathmatics - development of in China http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

6. Chinese Astronomers Cui Zhongji Tsu Ch'ungChi Cui Zhongji tsu ch'ung chi (430-501) was a Chinese mathematician and astronomer. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

7. Continued Fractions From Euclid Till Present (ResearchIndex) see 17 for a discussion. The continued fraction convergent 355 113 was known to tsu ch'ung chi born in Fanyang, China in 430 AD. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

8. Monograph OPAC (Institute Of Chinese Studies, for "chung t'ung chue t'ung chung yang min tsu hsueeh yuean china 1 chungch'ing tsai hsien 1 http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

9. Monograph OPAC (Institute Of Chinese Studies, 1 ssuch'uan-sheng t'ung-chi-chue 1 ho-tso ching-chi pien-chi-tsu 1 ssu-ch?an jen-min ch http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

10. NACSIS Webcat Shosai Local government in China under the Ch'ing / T'ungtsu Ch'u. (BA070 56481) Cambridge, Mass http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

11. Zu_Chongzhi Zu Chongzhi s name is sometimes written as tsu Ch ung chi. He came from a famousfamily who were originally from Hopeh province in northern china. http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Zu_Chongzhi.html

Zu Chongzhi Born: 429 in Jiankang, (now Nanking, Kiangsu province), China Died: 501 in China Click the picture above to see three larger pictures Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Version for printing Zu Chongzhi 's name is sometimes written as Tsu Ch'ung Chi . He came from a famous family who were originally from Hopeh province in northern China. His great grandfather was an official at the court of the Eastern Chin dynasty which had been established at Jiankang (now Nanking). Weakened by court intrigues, the Eastern Chin dynasty was replaced after a revolt by the Liu-Sung dynasty in 420. Zu Chongzhi's grandfather and father both served as officials of the Liu-Sung dynasty which also had its court at Jiankang (now Nanking). The Zu family was an extremely talented one with successive generations being, in addition to court officials, astronomers with special interests in the calendar. In ancient China there was a belief that an emperor received his right to rule from heaven. Producng a calendar specifically for a new emperor established a link from the heavens to the particular rule. This meant that astronomers had important roles at court for their skills could result in an emperor's successful rule. The Zu family handed their mathematical and astronomical skills down from father to son and, indeed, this was one of the main ways that such skills were transmitted. Zu Chongzhi, in the family tradition, was taught a variety of skills as he grew up. In particular he was taught mathematics, astronomy and the science of the calendar from his talented father. He learnt mathematics from a number of sources, but mainly from

12. Poster Of Tsu tsu Ch ung chi. lived from 430 to 501. tsu was a chinese mathematician and astronomer.He introduced the approximation 355/113 to pi which is correct to 6 http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Posters2/Tsu.html

Tsu Ch'ung Chi lived from 430 to 501 Tsu was a Chinese mathematician and astronomer. He introduced the approximation 355/113 to which is correct to 6 decimal places. Find out more at http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/ Mathematicians/Tsu.html

13. Malaspina Great Books - Tsu Ch'ung Chi (430) tsu Ch ung chi s book, written with his son, is lost. tsu s astronomical achievementsinclude the making of a new calendar in 463 which never came into use. http://www.malaspina.com/site/person_1144.asp

Biography and Research Links: Please wait for Page to Load or Tsu Ch'ung Chi (430-501)

14. EUCLID tsu Ch ung chi, mathematician and astronomer, who calculated the value of pi to6 decimal places, and determined the precise time of the solstice http://www.hyperhistory.com/online_n2/people_n2/persons3_n2/tsu.html

TSU CH'UNG CHI c.430 - c.501 Chinese Mathematician Tsu Ch'ung Chi, mathematician and astronomer, who calculated the value of pi to 6 decimal places, and determined the precise time of the solstice www link : From the University of St. Andrews, Scotland School of Mathematics Biography

15. Malaspina.com - Tsu Ch Ung Chi (430-501) Research bibliography, books and links to 1000 other interdisciplinary entriescompiled by Russell McNeil. http://www.malaspina.edu/~mcneil/tsu1.htm

Tsu Ch'ung Chi (430-501) [MacTutor, St. Andrews] Great Books Biography [Malaspina] Tsu Ch'ung Chi Amazon Search Form] Used Books Search Form Alibris Dummies Books Amazon Canadian Book Orders! Chapters-Indigo Save on Textbooks! [Study Abroad] Tsu Chi [Berkeley Citation] MacTutor Page on Tsu Ch'ung Chi Top of Page

16. Manfred Boergens - Briefmarke Des Monats Maerz 2001 ung chi war fast ein Jahrtausend lang der Weltrekordhalter in der tsu Ch ung chi verbesserte damit die Ergebnisse seiner Vorgänger erheblich. http://www.fh-friedberg.de/users/boergens/marken/briefmarke_01_03.htm

Mathematik auf Briefmarken # 6 Liste aller Briefmarken vorige Marke zur Leitseite China 1955 Scott 246 Tsu Ch'ung Chi (Zu Chong Zhi) (ca. 429 - ca. 500) St. Andrews und R. Williams in [2]. (den Mittelwert der beiden Grenzen sieht man auf der Briefmarke) Hier ist der richtige Wert, gerundet auf 11 Nachkommastellen: Der auf der Briefmarke abgedruckte Mittelwert ist also eine korrekte Rundung auf 8 Nachkommastellen. Wegen 355/113 = 3.14159292035... ist der von Tsu angegebene Bruch auf 6 Nachkommastellen korrekt. Und heute? Im September 1999 berechnete der Japaner Takahashi Kanada 206.158.430.000 Nachkommastellen mit einem Computer (klar!), und das Wettrennen wird sicherlich noch weitergehen. = 805.306.368. Der Hildesheimer Mathematiker und Ingenieur Ludolph van Ceulen verbrachte die meiste Zeit seines Lebens mit n = 2 Wie hat es Tsu Ch'ung Chi gemacht? Wir wissen es nicht. Literatur G. Bonte Yuan Zhou Shuai MSU R. Williams Tsu Ch'ung-Chih MSU J. Arndt, C. Haenel Pi - Algorithmen, Computer, Arithmetik Springer Pi through the ages A chronology of Pi Stand 2003-02-09 vorige Marke Liste aller Briefmarken Mathematische Philatelie zur Leitseite

17. CHRONOLOGY OF MATHEMATICIANS -1100 CHOU-PEI -585 THALES OF MILETUS 470 tsu CH UNGchi VALUE OF PI. 476 ARYABHATA. 485 DEATH OF PROCLUS. 520 ANTHEMIUSOF TRALLES AND ISIDORE OF MILETUS. 524 DEATH OF BOETHIUS http://users.adelphia.net/~mathhomeworkhelp/timeline.html

CHRONOLOGY OF MATHEMATICIANS -1100 CHOU-PEI -585 THALES OF MILETUS: DEDUCTIVE GEOMETRY PYTHAGORAS : ARITHMETIC AND GEOMETRY -450 PARMENIDES: SPHERICAL EARTH -430 DEMOCRITUS -430 PHILOLAUS: ASTRONOMY -430 HIPPOCRATES OF CHIOS: ELEMENTS -428 ARCHYTAS -420 HIPPIAS: TRISECTRIX -360 EUDOXUS: PROPORTION AND EXHAUSTION -350 MENAECHMUS: CONIC SECTIONS -350 DINOSTRATUS: QUADRATRIX -335 EUDEMUS: HISTORY OF GEOMETRY -330 AUTOLYCUS: ON THE MOVING SPHERE -320 ARISTAEUS: CONICS EUCLID : THE ELEMENTS -260 ARISTARCHUS: HELIOCENTRIC ASTRONOMY -230 ERATOSTHENES: SIEVE -225 APOLLONIUS: CONICS -212 DEATH OF ARCHIMEDES -180 DIOCLES: CISSOID -180 NICOMEDES: CONCHOID -180 HYPSICLES: 360 DEGREE CIRCLE -150 PERSEUS: SPIRES -140 HIPPARCHUS: TRIGONOMETRY -60 GEMINUS: ON THE PARALLEL POSTULATE +75 HERON OF ALEXANDRIA 100 NICOMACHUS: ARITHMETICA 100 MENELAUS: SPHERICS 125 THEON OF SMYRNA: PLATONIC MATHEMATICS PTOLEMY : THE ALMAGEST 250 DIOPHANTUS: ARITHMETICA 320 PAPPUS: MATHEMATICAL COLLECTIONS 390 THEON OF ALEXANDRIA 415 DEATH OF HYPATIA 470 TSU CH'UNG-CHI: VALUE OF PI 476 ARYABHATA 485 DEATH OF PROCLUS 520 ANTHEMIUS OF TRALLES AND ISIDORE OF MILETUS 524 DEATH OF BOETHIUS 560 EUTOCIUS: COMMENTARIES ON ARCHIMEDES 628 BRAHMA-SPHUTA-SIDDHANTA 662 BISHOP SEBOKHT: HINDU NUMERALS 735 DEATH OF BEDE 775 HINDU WORKS TRANSLATED INTO ARABIC 830 AL-KHWARIZMI: ALGEBRA 901 DEATH OF THABIT IBN - QURRA 998 DEATH OF ABU'L - WEFA 1037 DEATH OF AVICENNA 1039 DEATH OF ALHAZEN

18. China Guide - Emperors & Dynasties Of China Yungchi T ai-wu Chung-ting Wai-jên Tsien-chia tsu-yi tsu-hsin Ch iang-chiatsu-ting Nan-kêng Ch ung Ti Liu Ping 144- 145 chih Ti Liu tsuan 145- 146 http://www.chinaguide.org/guide/emperors-and-dynasties-of-china/

China Guide China Culture China History China News ... China History Shang [Shang1] Dynasty 1523-1028 (1766-1122) Ch'êng-t'ang T'ai-chia Wu-ling T'ai-kêng Hsiao-chia Yung-chi T'ai-wu Chung-ting Wai-jên Tsien-chia Tsu-yi Tsu-hsin Ch'iang-chia Tsu-ting Nan-kêng Hu-chia P'an-kêng Hsiao-hsin Hsiao-yi Wu-ting Tsu-kêng Tsu-chia Lin-hsin K'ang-tin Wu-yi Wên-wu-ting Ti-yi Ti-hsin Chou [Zhou1] Dynasty 1027-256 (1122-256) Western Chou 1027-722 Early Chou 1027-771 Wu Wang Chêng Wang K'ang Wang Chao Wang Mu Wang Kung Wang I Wang Hsiao Wang I Wang Li Wang 878-828 841, first solid date in Chinese chronology Hsüan Wang 827-781 Yu Wang 781-771 Middle Chou 771-473 P'ing Wang 770-719 Spring and Autumn Period 722-481 Huan Wang 719-696 Hsiang Wang 696-681 Hsi Wang 681-676 Hui Wang 676-651 Hsiang Wang 651-618 Ch'ing Wang 618-612 K'uang Wang 612-606 Ting Wang 606-585 Chien Wang 585-571 Ling Wang 571-544 Ching Wang 544-520 Tao Wang 520 Ching Wang 519-475 Warring States Period 481-221 Late Chou 473-256 Yüan Wang 475-468 Chêng-ting Wang 468-441 K'ao Wang 440-425 Wei-lieh Wang 425-401 An Wang 401-375 Lieh Wang 375-368 Hsien Wang 368-320 Shên-ching Wang 320-314 Nan Wang 314-256 Ch'in [Qín] Dynasty 256-207 BC Chao-hsiang Wang during Chou,302-256

19. Chinese Astronomers Cui Zhongji tsu Ch ung chi (430501) was a chinese mathematician and astronomer.In astronomy, he arrived at the precise time of the solstice by measuring http://www.chinapage.com/astronomy/astronomer.html

Chinese Astronomers Zhang Heng (78-139) was a Chinese astronomer, geographer, and mathematician. He constructed a celestial globe, believing that the world was round, "The sky is like a hen's egg, and is as round as a crossbow pellet; the Earth is like the yolk of the egg, lying alone at the centre. The sky is large and the Earth small." He also created a primitive, but very fanciful seismograph . His approximation of pi was the square root of 10. More.. More.. More Seismographs Zhang Sui A Chinese astronomer and Buddhist monk of the Tang dynasty, Zhang Sui (683-727), was the first to describe proper stellar motion, or the apparent motion of stars across the plane of the sky relative to more distant stars. In Western astronomy, Edmond Halley is credited with this discovery in 1718 for some stars from Ptolemy's catalogue. Cui Zhongji [Tsu Ch'ung-Chi] Cui Zhongji [Tsu Ch'ung Chi] (430-501) was a Chinese mathematician and astronomer. In astronomy, he arrived at the precise time of the solstice by measuring the sun's shadow at noon on days around the solstice. He gave the rational approximation 355/113 to p which is correct to 6 decimal places.

20. Pi Through The Ages Except for tsu Ch ung chi, about whom next to nothing is known and who is veryunlikely to which, incidentally, is the value found by tsu Ch ung chi. http://physics.rug.ac.be/Fysica/Geschiedenis/HistTopics/Pi_through_the_ages.html

Pi through the ages Previous topic Next topic History Topics Index A little known verse of the Bible reads And he made a molten sea, ten cubits from the one brim to the other: it was round all about, and his height was five cubits: and a line of thirty cubits did compass it about. (I Kings 7, 23) The same verse can be found in II Chronicles 4, 2. It occurs in a list of specifications for the great temple of Solomon, built around 950 BC and its interest here is that it gives = 3. Not a very accurate value of course and not even very accurate in its day, for the Egyptian and Mesopotamian values of 25/8 = 3.125 and 10 = 3.162 have been traced to much earlier dates: though in defence of Solomon's craftsmen it should be noted that the item being described seems to have been a very large brass casting, where a high degree of geometrical precision is neither possible nor necessary. There are some interpretations of this which lead to a much better value. The fact that the ratio of the circumference to the diameter of a circle is constant has been known for so long that it is quite untraceable. The earliest values of including the 'Biblical' value of 3, were almost certainly found by measurement. In the Egyptian

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