21. Shannon Claude Translate this page Définition de shannon claude. shannon claude, 03-03-2001. np. PERS (1916-2001). Mathématicien américain ayant publié sa « Théorie mathématique de http://matrix.samizdat.net/pratique/jargon_3.2.119/S/Shannon_Claude.html

Shannon Claude np. PERS ] (1916-2001). Mathématicien américain ayant publié sa « Théorie mathématique de l'information » en 1948. C'est cette théorie qui a servi de fondement aux communications modernes. Voir bit Articles voisins : shader shading Shadock shadowing ... Courrier

22. Claude Elwood Shannon - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Claude E. Shannon and Warren Weaver The Mathematical Theory of Communication. Claude E. Shannon Programming a Computer for Playing Chess, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Shannon

Wikimedia needs your help in the final days of its fund drive. See our fundraising page The Red Cross and other charities also need your help. Claude Elwood Shannon From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (Redirected from Claude Shannon Claude Elwood Shannon April 30 February 24 ) has been called "the father of information theory ", and was the founder of practical digital circuit design theory. Contents Biography Shannon's computer chess program Awards and honors See also ... edit Biography Shannon was born in Petoskey, Michigan and was a distant relative of Thomas Edison . While growing up, he worked as a messenger for Western Union In , Shannon began studying at the University of Michigan , where he eventually encountered a course that introduced him to the works of George Boole . He graduated from the university in with two bachelor's degrees , one in electrical engineering and one in mathematics , and he then moved to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology for graduate school, where he worked on Vannevar Bush 's differential analyzer , an analog computer In his MIT master's thesis

23. Poseidon Shannon, Claude Link. 01 His seminal paper was first presented to the National Convention of the Institute of Radio Engineers in New York. http://www.chess-dictionary-chesmayne.net/Shannon Claude.htm

CH ESMAYNE Midi: Unforgettable Shannon Claude Shannon, Claude Link H is seminal paper was first presented to the National Convention of the Institute of Radio Engineers in New York. Shannon pioneered computer chess as we know it today, and his ideas have been employed in almost every chess program ever written. It was Shannon who showed the way. A chess problem is sharply defined both in allowed operations (the moves) and in the ultimate goal ( ++CM The thesis he developed was that modern general purpose computers can be used to play a tolerably good game of chess by the use of a suitable computing routine or ‘program’. In chess there is no chance element apart from the original choice of which player has the ‘first move’ which is in contrast to card games such as Bridge, Poker or, Backgammon where the move is controlled by a dice. K onrad Zue (1945) also made a theoretical contribution and H enri Vigneron described a special purpose chess machine (1914) that played the ending of KI and RO versus KI. A lan Turning wrote a paper that included a description of a ‘program’ simulated by hand.

24. A Mathematical Theory Of Communication claude shannon s seminal paper, made available by Bell Labs in PostScript and PDF. http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/ms/what/shannonday/paper.html

A Mathematical Theory of Communication by Claude E. Shannon A Note on the Edition Claude Shannon's ``A mathematical theory of communication'' was first published in two parts in the July and October 1948 editions of the Bell System Technical Journal [1]. The paper has appeared in a number of republications since: The original 1948 version was reproduced in the collection Key Papers in the Development of Information Theory [2]. The paper also appears in Claude Elwood Shannon: Collected Papers [3]. The text of the latter is a reproduction from the Bell Telephone System Technical Publications , a series of monographs by engineers and scientists of the Bell System published in the BSTJ and elsewhere. This version has correct section numbering (the BSTJ version has two sections numbered 21), and as far as we can tell, this is the only difference from the BSTJ version. Prefaced by Warren Weaver's introduction, ``Recent contributions to the mathematical theory of communication,'' the paper was included in The Mathematical Theory of Communication

25. Shannon Biography of claude E shannon (19162001) claude E shannon s father was also named claude Elwood shannon and his mother was Mabel Catherine Wolf. http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Shannon.html

Claude Elwood Shannon Born: 30 April 1916 in Gaylord, Michigan, USA Died: 24 Feb 2001 in Medford, Massachusetts, USA Click the picture above to see three larger pictures Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Version for printing Claude E Shannon 's father was also named Claude Elwood Shannon and his mother was Mabel Catherine Wolf. Shannon was a graduate of the University of Michigan, being awarded a degree in mathematics and electrical engineering in 1936. Although he had not been outstanding in mathematics, he then went to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology where he obtained a Master's Degree in electrical engineering and his Ph.D. in mathematics in 1940. Shannon wrote a Master's thesis A Symbolic Analysis of Relay and Switching Circuits on the use of Boole 's algebra to analyse and optimise relay switching circuits. His doctoral thesis was on population genetics. At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology he also worked on the differential analyser, an early type of mechanical computer developed by Vannevar Bush for obtaining numerical solutions to ordinary differential equations . Shannon published Mathematical theory of the differential analyzer in 1941. In the introduction to the paper he writes:-

26. Information Theory Resources Small collection of links about Information Theory and claude shannon. http://www-lmmb.ncifcrf.gov/~toms/itresources.html

Information Theory Resources Books about Information Theory Molecular Computation Entropy on the World Wide Web is a page originally written by Chris Hillman about the various forms of entropy that people use. A Short Course in Information Theory by David J. C. Mackay. Information theory applied to physics by Phil Fraundorf. IEEE Information Theory Society Jaynes Book This book is about a philosophy of probability and information theory. Claude Shannon at Bell Labs Claude Shannon, Father of Information Theory, Dies at 84 Time Line Shannon Day Schneider Lab origin: before 1996 June 2 updated: 2004 Mar 18

27. Shannon Day @ Bell Labs To celebrate the 50th anniversary of claude shannon's 1948 paper ``A Mathematical Theory of Communication,''. Mathematical Sciences Center, Bell Laboratories Lucent Technologies. 18 May 1998. http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/ms/what/shannonday/

S HANNON D AY B ELL L ABS Claude Shannon's 1948 paper `` A Mathematical Theory of Communication ,'' founded Information Theory. To celebrate the 50th anniversary of its publication, the Mathematical Sciences Center of Bell Laboratories Lucent Technologies held a one day symposium. The symposium also included a session to honor the memory of late Aaron Wyner. We are honored that the following distinguished information theorists agreed to give talks. Toby Berger Cornell University Thomas Cover Stanford University G. David Forney Motorola Robert G. Gallager MIT Robert W. Lucky Bellcore James L. Massey ETH, Zurich Neil J. A. Sloane Andrew Viterbi Qualcomm Jack K. Wolf UCSD Jacob Ziv Technion Date: Monday May 18 1998. Place: Arnold Auditorium, Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ. Directions to Bell Labs Read more about the significance of Shannon's work Download a copy of Shannon's original paper Program (with viewgraphs) for Shannon Day Maintainer: Emre Telatar telatar@bell-labs.com

28. Claude Shannon - Computer Science Theory biographies of computer pioneers in the history of computing. http://www.thocp.net/biographies/shannon_claude.htm

Claude Elwood Shannon April 30, 1916 Gaylord, Michigan USA 24 Feb 2001, Medford, Massachusetts, USA claude shannon principal papers 1940 thesis on the use of Boole's algebra to analyse and optimise relay switching circuits. 1938 A Symbolic Analysis of Relay and Switching Circuits A Mathematical Theory of Communication 1949 Communication theory of secrecy systems 1950 "Programming a computer for playing chess" hardware software keyords see also Related Subjects cryptology Achievement He published A Mathematical Theory of Communication in in the Bell System Technical Journal (1948). His work founded the subject of information theory and he proposed a linear schematic model of a communications system. He gave a method of analysing a sequence of error terms in a signal to find their inherent variety, matching them to the designed variety of the control system. In 1952 he devised an experiment illustrating the capabilities of telephone relays. Biography A Midwesterner, Claude Shannon was born in Gaylord, Michigan in 1916. From an early age, he showed an affinity for both engineering and mathematics, and graduated from Michigan University with degrees in both disciplines. For his advanced degrees, he chose to attend the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

29. Computer Scientist Claude Shannon Dead At 84 CNN http://cnn.com/2001/TECH/science/02/27/obit.shannon.ap/index.html

30. Claude Shannon, Mathematician, Dies At 84 Provides orbituary from NY Times, Feb 27 2001. http://courses.dce.harvard.edu/~cscie160/27SHAN.html

February 27, 2001 Claude Shannon, Mathematician, Dies at 84 By GEORGE JOHNSON r. Claude Elwood Shannon, the American mathematician and computer scientist whose theories laid the groundwork for the electronic communications networks that now lace the earth, died on Saturday in Medford, Mass., after a long fight with Alzheimer's disease. He was 84. Understanding, before almost anyone, the power that springs from encoding information in a simple language of 1's and 0's, Dr. Shannon as a young man wrote two papers that remain monuments in the fields of computer science and information theory. "Shannon was the person who saw that the binary digit was the fundamental element in all of communication," said Dr. Robert G. Gallager, a professor of electrical engineering who worked with Dr. Shannon at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "That was really his discovery, and from it the whole communications revolution has sprung." Dr. Shannon's later work on chess- playing machines and an electronic mouse that could run a maze helped create the field of artificial intelligence, the effort to make machines that think. And his ability to combine abstract thinking with a practical approach — he had a penchant for building machines — inspired a generation of computer scientists. Dr. Marvin Minsky of M.I.T., who as a young theorist worked closely with Dr. Shannon, was struck by his enthusiasm and enterprise. "Whatever came up, he engaged it with joy, and he attacked it with some surprising resource — which might be some new kind of technical concept or a hammer and saw with some scraps of wood," Dr. Minsky said. "For him, the harder a problem might seem, the better the chance to find something new."

31. Shannon, Claude Elwood (1916-2001) -- From Eric Weisstein's World Of Scientific Michigan on April 30, 1916 to claude Elwood and Mabel Wolf shannon. shannon s father claude, was a judge in Gaylord, a small town with a population of http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Shannon.html

Branch of Science Mathematicians Nationality American ... Pulikkoonattu Shannon, Claude Elwood (1916-2001) This entry contributed by Rethnakaran Pulikkoonattu American mathematician and father of information theory . Claude Elwood Shannon was born in Gaylord, Michigan on April 30, 1916 to Claude Elwood and Mabel Wolf Shannon. Shannon's father Claude, was a judge in Gaylord, a small town with a population of about three thousand, and his mother Mabel was the principal of the local high school. Although he didn't work in the field of mathematics, Shannon proved to be mathematically precocious. Although there was not much scientific influence from Shannon's father, he received scientific encouragement from his grandfather, who was an inventor and a farmer whose inventions included the washing machine and farming machinery. While at MIT, Shannon studied with both Wiener and Bush. Noted as a 'tinkerer,' he was ideally suited to working on the Differential Analyzer, and would set it up to run equations for other scientists. At Bush's suggestion, Shannon also studied the operation of the analyzer's relay circuits for his master's thesis. This analysis formed the basis for Shannon's influential 1938 paper "A Symbolic Analysis of Relay and Switching Circuits," in which he put forth his developing theories on the relationship of symbolic logic to relay circuits. This paper, and the theories it contained, would have a seminal impact on the development of information processing machines and systems in the years to come.

32. Shannonbio.html of claude shannon that appears in the book we edited, shannon s Collected Papers. claude Elwood shannon was born in Petoskey, Michigan, on Sunday, http://www.research.att.com/~njas/doc/shannonbio.html

Biography of Claude Elwood Shannon Shannon's Collected Papers Neil Sloane's home page Aaron Wyner's home page This biography, written by N.J.A. Sloane and A.D. Wyner, is one of two biographies of Claude Shannon that appears in the book we edited, Shannon's Collected Papers Claude Elwood Shannon was born in Petoskey, Michigan, on Sunday, April 30, 1916. His father, Claude Sr. (1862-1934), a descendant of early New Jersey settlers, was a businessman and, for a period, Judge of Probate. His mother, Mabel Wolf Shannon (1880-1945), daughter of German immigrants, was a language teacher and for a number of years Principal of Gaylord High School, in Gaylord, Michigan. The first sixteen years of Shannon's life were spent in Gaylord, where he attended the Public School, graduating from Gaylord High School in 1932. As a boy, Shannon showed an inclination toward things mechanical. His best subjects in school were science and mathematics, and at home he constructed such devices as model planes, a radio-controlled model boat and a telegraph system to a friend's house half a mile away. The telegraph made opportunistic use of two barbed wires around a nearby pasture. He earned spending money from a paper route and delivering telegrams, as well as repairing radios for a local department store. His childhood hero was Edison, who he later learned was a distant cousin. Both were descendants of John Ogden, an important colonial leader and the ancestor of many distinguished people. Shannon's recent hero list, without deleting Edison, includes more academic types such as Newton, Darwin, Einstein and Von Neumann.

33. Claude Shannon 1916-2001 claude shannon 19162001. Look at a compact disc under a microscope and you will see music represented as a sequence of pits, or in mathematical terms, http://www.research.att.com/~njas/doc/ces5.html

Claude Shannon 1916-2001 Look at a compact disc under a microscope and you will see music represented as a sequence of pits, or in mathematical terms, as a sequence of 0's and 1's, commonly referred to as bits. The foundation of our Information Age is this transformation of speech, audio, images and video into digital content, and the man who started the digital revolution was Claude Shannon, who died February 24, at the age of 84, after a long struggle with Alzheimer's disease. Shannon arrived at the revolutionary idea of digital representation by sampling the information source at an appropriate rate, and converting the samples to a bit stream. He characterized the source by a single number, the entropy, adapting a term from statistical mechanics, to quantify the information content of the source. For English language text, Shannon viewed entropy as a statistical parameter that measured how much information is produced on the average by each letter. He also created coding theory, by introducing redundancy into the digital representation to protect against corruption. If today you take a compact disc in one hand, take a pair of scissors in the other hand, and score the disc along a radius from the center to the edge, then you will find that the disc still plays as if new. Before Shannon, it was commonly believed that the only way of achieving arbitrarily small probability of error in a communication channel was to reduce the transmission rate to zero. All this changed in 1948 with the publication of

34. Claude Shannon (1916 - ) claude shannon (1916 2001). Biography. In 1936, graduate student claude shannon arrived at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. http://www.kerryr.net/pioneers/shannon.htm

People ASCII-HTML Binary Boolean ... Home Claude Shannon (1916 - 2001) In 1936, graduate student Claude Shannon arrived at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In the best tradition of grad. students, Shannon was short of money, and happy to be recruited by his professor, Vannevar Bush , to tend the unwieldy entrails of Bush's mechanical computing device - the Differential Analyser. The Differential Analyser, while a marvel of scientific engineering for its time, was a lot of hard work to maintain. Basically an assembly of shafts and gears, the gears themselves had to be manually configured to specific ratios before any problem could be ‘fed’ to the machine - a boring, laborious (and extremely messy) business. ("I had to kind of, you know, fix [it] from time to time to keep it going".) Encouraged by Bush to base his master's thesis on the logical operation of the Differential Analyser, Shannon inevitably considered ways of improving it, perhaps by using electrical circuits instead of the present cumbersome collection of mechanical parts. Not long afterwards, it dawned on Shannon that the

35. Dictionary Of Philosophy Of Mind - Shannon, Claude shannon, claude (b. 1916, Gaylord, MI. Ph.D. Mathematics, MIT, 1940). In 1948, shannon published his best known work, a paper (Bell Syst. Tech. http://www.artsci.wustl.edu/~philos/MindDict/shannon.html

we've moved to philosophy.uwaterloo.ca/MindDict . Please update any links and go there for the latest version. Shannon, Claude (b. 1916, Gaylord, MI. Ph.D. Mathematics, MIT, 1940). In 1948, Shannon published his best known work, a paper (Bell Syst. Tech. J., 27, 379-423, 623-56) showing how information could be measured. Shannon joined the staff of Bell Telephone Laboratories in 1941 to work on the problem of how to transmit information most efficiently. In 1948, Shannon published a paper (Bell Syst. Tech. J., 27, 379-423, 623-56) showing how information could be measured. A full-fledged work, The Mathematical Theory of Communication (with W. Weaver, 1949), was the beginning of information theory. From 1958 to 1980, Shannon taught electrical engineering at MIT. His research has been on Boolean algebra and switching circuits, communications theory, computers, and cryptography. Tadeusz Zawidzki References Zusne, Leonard (1987). Eponyms in psychology . Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. bookstore Last updated: May 11, 2004

36. Claude Elwood Shannon More on claude Elwood shannon from Fact Monster. Bernard Oliver Bernard Oliver Born 1916 claude shannon Born 1916 Pulse Code Modulation. http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/people/A0844697.html

Home U.S. People Word Wise ... Homework Center Fact Monster Favorites 2006 TFK Almanac Quiz: Charlie and the Chocolate Factory SpongeBob Lemony Snicket ... Fantasy Books Reference Desk Atlas Almanacs Dictionary Encyclopedia ... Encyclopedia Shannon, Claude Elwood Shannon, Claude Elwood, Bush information theory The Mathematical Theory of Communication when published in 1949 with a preface by Warren Weaver . Shannon returned to MIT in 1958, although he remained a consultant with Bell Telephone. Over the next two decades his curiosity about the fledgling field of artificial intelligence led him to build and experiment with such things as chess-playing, maze-solving, juggling, and mind-reading machines. See C. E. Shannon et al., Claude Elwood Shannon: Collected Papers The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Page Tools: Cite Print More on Claude Elwood Shannon from Fact Monster: Bernard Oliver - Bernard Oliver Born: 1916 Claude Shannon Born: 1916 Pulse Code Modulation. Oliver and Shannon ... See more Encyclopedia articles on: Mathematics: Biographies AD AD AD ADS Business Cards Link to Fact Monster Add Fact Monster search ... Privacy Brought to you by: Information Please

37. Claude Elwood Shannon More on claude Elwood shannon from Infoplease. Bernard Oliver Bernard Oliver Born 1916 claude shannon Born 1916 Pulse Code Modulation. http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/A0844697.html

in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Daily Almanac for Sep 7, 2005 Skip Navigation Home Almanacs ... Word of the Day Editor's Favorites Back to School Hurricanes Daylight Saving Time Energy Consumption ... Mississippi Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map College Center Scholarship Search College Resources Career Center Job Search Post Your Resume Continuing Ed. more . . . Search: Infoplease Info search tips Search: Biographies Bio search tips google_ad_client = 'pub-1894504138907931'; google_ad_width = 120; google_ad_height = 240; google_ad_format = '120x240_as'; google_ad_type = 'text'; google_ad_channel =''; google_color_border = ['336699','B4D0DC','DFF2FD','B0E0E6']; google_color_bg = ['FFFFFF','ECF8FF','DFF2FD','FFFFFF']; google_color_link = ['0000FF','0000CC','0000CC','000000']; google_color_url = ['008000','008000','008000','336699']; google_color_text = ['000000','6F6F6F','000000','333333']; Encyclopedia Shannon, Claude Elwood Shannon, Claude Elwood, Bush information theory The Mathematical Theory of Communication when published in 1949 with a preface by Warren Weaver . Shannon returned to MIT in 1958, although he remained a consultant with Bell Telephone. Over the next two decades his curiosity about the fledgling field of

38. Shannon, Claude Elwood. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 shannon, claude Elwood. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 200105. http://www.bartleby.com/65/sh/Shannon.html

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39. Shannon NAME, claude E. shannon. DATES, 1916. ADDRESS. E-MAIL. WORKED AT, Bell Labs; MIT. OTHER INFORMATION, shannon was interested in boolean algebra http://www.libsci.sc.edu/bob/ISP/shannon.htm

NAME: Claude E. Shannon DATES: ADDRESS: E-MAIL: WORKED AT: Bell Labs MIT OTHER INFORMATION: He has been called "the Father of information theory" (Lilley-Trice). His theory "considered the transmission of information as a statistical phenomenon." It gave communications engineers a way to determine the capacity of a communication channel. His theory is not "concerned with the content of information or the message itself" and, therefore, some feel should not be called information theory (Farkas-Conn). No papers at MIT. AWARDS: 1940 Noble Award; 1949 Morris Liebmann Mem. Award; 1955 Stuart Balletine Medal; 1958 Vanuxem Lectr (Princeton); 1962 Steinmetz Lectr (Univ. Schenectady); 1966 Medal of Honor(IEEE) 1966 National Medal of Science. OFFICES: PAPERS AT: No information about. TOP OF PAGE INDEX OF INFORMATION SCIENCE PIONEERS INDEX OF ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED WITH INFORMATION SCIENCE Page updated 14 January 1998

40. Shannon, Claude Elwood --  Encyclopædia Britannica shannon, claude Elwood American mathematician and computer scientist (b. April 30, 1916, Petoskey, Mich.—d. Feb. 24, 2001, Medford, Mass. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?tocId=9351390

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