101. Introduction: The History Of Black Holes In 1916, the German astronomer karl Schwarzchild (see photo on right) figuredout just how small a star would need to become. According to Schwarzchild http://library.thinkquest.org/10148/long4.shtml

Introduction The History of Black Holes Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity proved that if gravity could become strong enough, it would rob light of all its energy. For gravity to become this strong, it would have to be an extremely dense object. It would have to have an extremely large mass in a very small space. In 1916, the German astronomer Karl Schwarzchild (see photo on right) figured out just how small a star would need to become. According to Schwarzchild, a star the size of our Sun (866,000 miles or 1,394,00 kilometers in diameter) would have to shrink to less than four miles (six kilometers) wide. This would be like shrinking the largest mountain to the size of a butterfly. Photo by Robert Bein, Courtesy AIP Emilio Segrè Visual Archives If the Sun were the size of a large mountain, when collapsed into a black hole, it would shrink to the size of a small butterfly. And yet, it would still weigh as much as the original mountain! Can stars become this small? In 1939, the American physicists J. Robert Oppenheimer and Hartland S. Snyder discovered that this is possible only if the star is much larger than our Sun. For most of their lives, stars remain a constant size because they have a balance of forces: Heat made by burning fuel pushes the star out, and the effect of gravity pulls it in. After billions of years, when the star has used up all of its fuel, it collapses under its own weight.

102. Andreas Müller - Schwarze Löcher - Schwarzschild-Lösung http://www.mpe.mpg.de/~amueller/astro_sl_schw.html

Das dunkelste Geheimnis der Gravitation Massenskala Akkretion - Materie am Abgrund Verbogenes Licht - Kerr Ray Tracing Thermodynamik und Hawking-Strahlung ... Literaturhinweise Druckversion dieses Abschnitts pdf Druckversion des ganzen Artikels pdf Im gleichen Jahr, in dem Albert Einstein die (ART, engl. General Relativity Vakuumfall , also verschwindenden Energie-Impuls-Tensor Feldgleichungen erschienen ihm zu kompliziert. Der deutsche Astronom Karl Schwarzschild . Heute kennt man diese Raumzeit unter dem Begriff . Sie beschreibt das relativistische Gravitationsfeld eines Massenpunkts und ist die Metrik M ist ein idealisiertes Gebilde, weil seine gesamte Masse in einem beliebig kleinen Punkt komprimiert ist. Das Schwarze Loch vom Schwarzschild-Typ hat hier eine zentrale, intrinsische . Anhand des Linienelements (Gleichung zu Beginn) ist schnell abzulesen, dass die Metrik statisch und kugelsymmetrisch ist. In Matrixform hat der metrische Tensor der Schwarzschild-Geometrie eine sehr einfache Gestalt und ist wie der metrische Tensor der Minkowski-Metrik r Nach dem Birkhoff-Theorem Karl Schwarzschild . Dies ist gerade die keine Vakuumraumzeit Vakuum Sternen Zustandsgleichung Sonne zu beschreiben.

103. TLS Astronomical Research THÜRINGER LANDESSTERNWARTE TAUTENBURG. RESEARCH GROUPS. Recent preprints andpublications 2005 / 2004. Extrasolar Planets http://www.tls-tautenburg.de/research/research.html

RESEARCH GROUPS Recent preprints and publications Extra-solar Planets RV Detections Photometric Transits Direct Detections NAHUAL project Stars Stellar Magnetic Activity Stellar Oscillations Doppler Imaging Search for Nearby Stars Extragalactic Gamma Ray Bursts Active Galaxies Galaxy Groups and Clusters Galaxy Evolution Young Objects Class 0/I Sources Jets and Outflows Brown Dwarfs Other Projects COROT (see also here) BEST JETSET ... TRAFICOS Solar System Minor Planets Earlier Publications: The Annual Report

104. îéìåï îùàáéí - S The summary for this Hebrew page contains characters that cannot be correctly displayed in this language/character set. http://www2.yarden.ac.il/bloss/dictionary/default.asp?group=19&view=eng

105. îéìåï îùàáéí - ù The summary for this Hebrew page contains characters that cannot be correctly displayed in this language/character set. http://www2.yarden.ac.il/bloss/dictionary/default.asp?group=21&view=

106. ¤Ñ¤å¤p¦Ê¬ì The summary for this Chinese (Traditional) page contains characters that cannot be correctly displayed in this language/character set. http://www.phy.cuhk.edu.hk/astroworld/dictionary/dictionary_heavy.html

var i=0; var coloring=new Array(21); coloring[0]="FFEAEA"; coloring[1]="FFF0EA"; coloring[2]="FFF7EA"; coloring[3]="FFFDEA"; coloring[4]="FBFFEA"; coloring[5]="F4FFEA"; coloring[6]="EEFFEA"; coloring[7]="EAFFEC"; coloring[8]="E8FFF0"; coloring[9]="EAFFF9"; coloring[10]="EAFFFF"; coloring[11]="EAF9FF"; coloring[12]="EAF2FF"; coloring[13]="EAECFF"; coloring[14]="EEEAFF"; coloring[15]="F4EAFF"; coloring[16]="FBEAFF"; coloring[17]="FFEAFD"; coloring[18]="FFEAF7"; coloring[19]="FFEAF0"; coloring[20]="FFEAEB"; ¤Ñ¤å¤p¦Ê¬ì Active Galaxy (¬¡ÅD¬P¨t) Association (¬P¨ó) Barred Spiral Galaxy (´Î±Û¬P¨t) Disk Component (»È½L³¡¥÷) Double-Lobed Radio Source (Âù¤®g¹q·½) Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy (¸G¾ò¶ê¬P¨t) Elliptical Galaxy (¾ò¶ê¬P¨t) Event Horizon (¨Æ¥óªÆ¬É) Gravitational Redshift (­«¤O¬õ²¾) Halo (»È·w) Inner Event Horizon (¤º¨Æ¥óªÆ¬É) Irregular Galaxy (¤£³W«h¬P¨t) Local Group (¥»¬P¨t¹Î) Milky Way Galaxy (»Èªe¨t) Outer Event Horizon (¥~¨Æ¥óªÆ¬É) Seyfert Galaxy (¶ë¦ò¯S¬P¨t) Spiral Arm (±ÛÁu) Spiral Galaxy (±Û´õ¬P¨t) Stellar Population (¬P±Ú) Supercluster (¶W¬P¨t¹Î) ¤£³W«h¬P¨t (Irregular Galaxy) ¤j³Á­õ­Û¬P¨t (Large Magellanic Cloud) »P ¤p³Á­õ­Û¬P¨t (Small Magellanic Cloud) »P»Èªe¨tªº¶ZÂ÷«Üªñ¡C ¤º¨Æ¥óªÆ¬É (Inner Event Horizon) ¦b¦¹ä¬É¤º¨S¦³¥ô¦óªF¦è¯à°÷°k²æ¡C ¥~¨Æ¥óªÆ¬É (Outer Event Horizon) ¥»¬P¨t¹Î (Local Group) ¥P¤k®y¬P¨t ¡A ·à¤l®y I ¬P¨t ©M ¤j³Á­õ­Û¶³ ) ªº¬P¨t¸s¡C ¼w°ê¤Ñ¤å¾Ç®a©Mª«²z¾Ç®a ¥v¥Ë¦è ¤¤¤l²¨ÖÀ£¤O (neutron degeneracy pressure) ¥ç¤£¯à¹ï§Ü­«¤O¡A¶W¶V®Ö¤lª«½èªº±K«×¡A±K«×±µªñµL­­¤j¡C¤£¦ÛÂ઺«í¬P³Ì«á¦¬ÁY¦¨¬°¥v¥Ë¦è©_ÂI (Schwarzschild singularity)¡C

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