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         Ramsden Jesse:     more detail
  1. Jesse Ramsden (1735-1800) (Science, Technology and Culture, 1700–1945) by Anita McConnell, 2007-12-21
  2. Jesse Ramsden

81. The Ordnance Survey : Royal Observatory : Past Exhibitions : What's On : Nationa
It was built by the London instrument maker jesse ramsden and the base measures3ft (910 mm) in diameter. To carry out observations at Greenwich,
http://www.nmm.ac.uk/server/show/conWebDoc.716/setPaginate/No
Low graphics version Site map About us Contact us Search NMM Home Planning a visit What's on News ... Shop You are here: NMM Home What's on Past exhibitions Royal Observatory The Ordnance Survey Go back one level
The Ordnance Survey
The first Ordnance Survey map
Ordnance Survey map of Kent, 1801
Repro ID E7150 To commemorate 200 years since the map was published, it was displayed during 2001 and 2002 alongside much earlier maps from our collections, and the instruments used to make them. The Observatory provided a key site in the survey as the position of longitude zero.
A period of solutions
The second-half of the 18th century saw the solution of several long-standing problems. Harrison completed 'H4', the first marine timekeeper in 1759. The sextant was invented in the 1750s for measuring Moon and star positions on board ships and the Nautical Almanac was first published in 1766. Each helped solve the problem of finding longitude at sea. Cook's voyages between 1768 and 1780 contributed greatly to improvements in the accuracy of sea charts. Land maps, however, were still very misleading. Land surveying was originally carried out by landowners, using small tools of limited accuracy to map their estates. The Ordnance Survey, which began in 1791, was the first to produce detailed maps of Britain. A surveying method called triangulation was used. In this method, the land is divided into adjoining triangles. A baseline and two angles are carefully measured and used to calculate distance. A key point for measuring these angles was the Bradley Meridian here at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich. A tower was built over the Bradley transit instrument and a theodolite set up on top.

82. - Port Cities
This telescope is made by jesse ramsden with optics by John Dollond andinscribed ‘Fait par ramsden pour Dollond, London’. It is a 3.5ft (106 cm) transit
http://www.portcities.org.uk/london/server/change/storyInPictures/contentType/Co
UK Bristol Hartlepool Liverpool ... Southampton You are here:   Text Only About this Site Feedback Explore this site Browse the site by time About maritime London Early port Tudor and Stuart port 18th-century port ... 20th-century port Browse the site by topic People and places Port communities Crime and punishment Leisure, health and housing ... Send an e-card
The transit of Venus
2 of 4 Pictures © National Maritime Museum, London Repro ID: Description: Creator: Jesse Ramsden Date: c. 1780 Credit line: National Maritime Museum, London Search
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Partner sites: Bristol Hartlepool Liverpool Southampton ... Text Only

83. Historical Telescopes In The Netherlands
Portable equatorial telescope by jesse ramsden. Achromatic refractors byDollond, jesse ramsden, Herbage, Jan Harmanus van Deijl, Lerebours Secrétan
http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/telescope/telescopenl.htm
Historical Telescopes in the Netherlands
(and where to see them)
Contents
This web page is organized as follows:
Introduction
As far as document sources on the early history of the telescope can be relied on, the earliest serviceable telescopes that could magnify more than a few times appear to have been first made in the Netherlands during the first years of the seventeenth century. Here, as abroad, these early telescopes found very rapid deployment not only by mariners and military officers but by astronomers as well. Within only a few years after its invention, the telescope had become the most important tool of the astronomer. In the Netherlands, the science of astronomy has always been pursued with great enthusiasm by amateurs and professionals alike, and it is therefore not surprising that in such a small country many early and historic telescopes can still be found in the collections of museums, observatories and in the hands of private collectors. As a guide for visitors to the Netherlands with an interest in the history and the development of the telescope, the following web page lists museums and observatories in the Netherlands that preserve historic telescopes and lenses up to circa 1900. Where possible, links have been provided to web pages of individual museums and observatories (if available, in English, otherwise in Dutch) that provide addresses and opening hours. Small maps have also been provided with the location of the museum/observatory indicated by a blue dot.

84. WebGED: Noyes Family Data Page
We find her on her son jesse s marriage record. Nehemiah Lee Quimby. ramsden,Joseph (*1622 ) - male spouse Eaton, Rachel (~1625 - )
http://noyes.rootsweb.com/wga137.html
previous go to surnames Quimby, Mehitable - female
b. 28 OCT 1795 in Lisbon, Grafton, New Hampshire
d. 1821
father:
Quimby, Joshua (1766 - 1844)
mother: Kinson, Mehitable (*1766 - )
spouse: Noyes, Daniel (1798 - 1859)
child: Noyes, David (1813 - )
child: Noyes, Mehitable (*1823 - ) Quimby, Moses A. - male
b. 11 APR 1806 in Lisbon, Grafton, New Hampshire
d. 10 JAN 1892
spouse:
Howland, Martha A. (1807 - 1903) - m. BEF 1829 child: Quimby, Luella F. (~1837 - ) Quimby, Nehemiah Lee - male b. 1824 d. 19 APR 1885 in Ontwa, Cass, Michigan father: Quimby, Jesse (1799 - ) mother: Lee, Mary (*1799 - ) spouse: Farnham, Catherine (~1825 - ) child: Quimby, Henry Freeman (1856 - ) Quimby, Phineas P. - male spouse: Burnham, Susanna (*1798 - ) child: Quimby, John Haraden (1829 - ) Quimby, Relief - female spouse: Noyes, Hiram P. (1804 - ) - m. 1828 child: Noyes, Alonzo S. (1828 - 1886) child: Noyes, Walter B. (*1836 - ) child: Noyes, Mary J. (*1839 - ) child: Noyes, Sarah A. (*1839 - ) child: Noyes, Lucy A. (*1839 - ) child: Noyes, George B. (1849 - ) Quimby, Robert - male spouse: Osgood, Elizabeth (*1627 - )

85. The History Of The Sextant
finest 18th century instrument maker was the Englishman jesse ramsden. Here’s a small brass sextant that ramsden made shortly before his death in
http://www.mat.uc.pt/~helios/Mestre/Novemb00/H61iflan.htm

Peter Ifland
The History of the Sextant
Talk given at the amphitheatre of the Physics Museum under the auspices of the Pro-Rector for Culture and the Committee for the Science Museum of The University of Coimbra, the 3 October 2000. "Where are we?" Well, yes. We're sitting here safe and dry in the Science Museum at the University of Coimbra. But the question has a different urgency when the ship is approaching a rocky coast and the life of the ship and its crew depends on a fast and accurate answer. It's the Navigator's job to provide the answer. So what do navigators need to find their position on the earth's surface by observing the stars?
  • They need an Almanac prepared by the astronomers to forecast precisely where the heavenly bodies, the sun, moon planets and selected navigational stars, are going to be, hour by hour, years into the future, relative to the observatory that prepared the almanac, Greenwich, England in modern times. They need a chronometer or some other means of telling the time back at the observatory that was the reference point for the data in the almanac
  • 86. MUSEO DELL OSSERVATORIO ASTRONOMICO
    jesse ramsden, il più abilecostruttore di strumenti della seconda metà del XVIII secolo, costituisce un
    http://www.guidastudentepalermo.net/musei/astrono/
    MUSEO DELL'OSSERVATORIO ASTRONOMICO
    Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo G.S. Vaiana Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche ed Astronomiche Visualizza le immagini La Collezione di Antichi Strumenti dell'Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo L'Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo, occupa, sin dal 1790, alcuni locali del Real Palazzo concessi dal Re Ferdinando di Borbone a Giuseppe Piazzi (1746-1826), fondatore e primo Direttore dell'Osservatorio, per stabilirvi l'osservatorio e darvi l'abitazione al Professore. La Specola propriamente detta tu eretta sulla Torre di Santa Ninfa perché riconosciuta come la più adatta per l'elevazione del sito e per la sodezza delle fonda menta. Giuseppe Piazzi era appena ritornato (agosto 1789) da un soggiorno di due anni in Francia ed in Inghilterra dove si era recato per acquistare gli strumenti necessari ad istabilire codest'Osservatorio che certamente potrà essere de' migliori. Ed in effetti così tu, poiché gli strumenti acquistati da Piazzi, che costituiscono il nucleo più antico della collezione, furono tutti commissionati alle più celebri officine inglesi. In particolare l'altazimutale del celeberrimo Jesse Ramsden, il più abile costruttore di strumenti della seconda metà del XVIII secolo, costituisce un unicum, uno strumento di concezione nuovissima, considerato il prototipo di una nuova generazione di strumenti astronomici, gli strumenti a scala circolare, che soppianteranno nel corso del secolo successivo i tradizionali quadranti di cui ci si era serviti durante tutto il corso del XVIII secolo. La sua importanza per la storia dell'Astronomia e dello sviluppo della tecnologia dei grandi strumenti astronomici è oggi universalmente riconosciuta. L'altazimutale di Ramsden tu collocato nella

    87. Malcolm Bull's Calderdale Companion : R
    Brother of Henry ramsden. He died at York. ramsden, jesse 17351800 Scientificinstrument maker and inventor, and maker of the first effective
    http://members.aol.com/calderdale2/r.html
    R
    A B C D ... Z
    R. E. S. Gymnasium
    Great Albion Street, Halifax. See John Henry Whitley
    Radcliffe family
    See Saint Mary's, Todmorden Todmorden Hall
    Radcliffe, John
    [18-19] He was Mayor of Halifax [1938-1939] and [1940 (August-November)]
    Radcliffe, John
    [1?-18] 19th century textile manufacturer who lived at Allan House, Sowerby Bridge
    Radcliffe, John Jnr
    Coiner of Lighthazles. Son of John Radcliffe
    Radcliffe, John Snr
    Coiner of Lighthazles. Father of John Radcliffe
    Radcliffe, Saville
    [15-16] Inherited then rebuilt Todmorden Hall . He was married 3 times
    Radcliffe, Thomas
    [17-1?] Of Lighthazles. He was suspected of being a coiner
    Radcliffe, William
    [17-1?] Of Lighthazles. He was suspected of being a coiner . Son of John Radcliffe
    Radcliffe, William Towne
    [18-18] Lived at Smith House, Brighouse
    Radical Hoil
    A school-house in Smithy Fold, Midgley where the first meeting of the Midgley Cooperative Society was held
    Ragby Bridge, Walsden
    Crosses Ramsden Clough below Ramsden Clough Reservoir . The clough flows into the Walsden Water at Bottoms above Walsden
    Ragman's toffee
    A type of confectionery sold by Edward Binns
    Railway
    In 1963, Dr Reginald Beeching's report

    88. 1361-1362 (Uppslagsbok För Alla)
    ramsden, jesse, eng. optiker, f. 1735, d. 1800. Uppf. delningsmaskinen mm Ramses,egypt. kgr. 1) R. II, gr. Sesostris, 1388/22 f. K, eröfr.
    http://runeberg.org/uppsalla/0683.html
    Uppslagsbok för alla
    (1910) Author: Johan Bernhard Lundström Albert Montgomery
    Table of Contents / Innehåll
    Project Runeberg ... Print (PDF) On this page / på denna sida - R ...
    Below is the raw OCR text from the above scanned image. Do you see an error? Proofread the page now!
    Här nedan syns maskintolkade texten från faksimilbilden ovan. Ser du något fel? Korrekturläs sidan nu!
    This page has never been proofread. / Denna sida har aldrig korrekturlästs.
    Project Runeberg, Thu Apr 14 15:39:14 2005 (aronsson) (download)
    http://runeberg.org/uppsalla/0683.html

    89. Oct_1q
    Translate this page jesse ramsden (1735-1800) Óptico inglés. Precursor en el diseño de instrumentosde precisión. Perfeccionó un modelo de oculares para telescopios que lleva
    http://www.tayabeixo.org/biografias/oct_1q/oct_1q.htm

    90. Jesse Ramsden Université Montpellier II
    Translate this page jesse ramsden (1735-1800). Cette image et la biographie complète en anglaisrésident sur le site de l’université de St Andrews Écosse
    http://ens.math.univ-montp2.fr/SPIP/article.php3?id_article=1701

    91. Ramsden, J.
    Translate this page ramsden, jesse. 6 de octubre de 1735 (Halifax, Inglaterra) - 5 de noviembre de1800 (Brighton, Inglaterra). Matemáticas, óptica, física. Foto ramsden
    http://www.mec.es/mnct/hispano/fichas/productor/ramsden.htm
    Productor
    Principal
    Contacto CD-ROM Historia ... Contenido
    Ramsden, Jesse. 6 de octubre de 1735 (Halifax, Inglaterra) - 5 de noviembre de 1800 (Brighton, Inglaterra). En 1774 Ramsden publicó "Description of a New Universal Equatorial Instruments" que mejoraba el diseño del telescopio portátil de James Short (1710-1768). A lo largo de toda su carrera Ramsden se esforzó por conseguir instrumentos de alta precisión.

    92. Liceo Foscarini - Museo Virtuale Di Fisica: Macchina Elettrica Di Ramsden
    Translate this page Macchina elettrica di ramsden, Malfi, © S 1994 Il culmine dei vari dal modelloinventato verso il 1770 da jesse ramsden (1735 - 1800) che venne
    http://www.liceofoscarini.it/fisica94/ramsden.html
    elettromagnetismo elettrostatica Macchine elettriche ScriviLogo ('') Macchina elettrica di Ramsden ScriviInizio (538) di Francesco Cobres Datazione ScriviDatazione (538, 14) Questa pagina richiede Javascript Il culmine dei vari perfezionamenti compiuti sulle macchine elettrostatiche a strisciamento è rappresentato dal modello inventato verso il 1770 da Jesse Ramsden (1735 - 1800) che venne largamente usato per circa un secolo. Usando una terminologia moderna se ne descrive qui di seguito il funzionamento. Il disco di vetro di due piedi di diametro (un po' meno di 610 millimetri), messo in rotazione per mezzo di una manovella, si carica positivamente per strofinio con i cuscinetti di feltro ad esso aderenti su ambo i lati, i quali si caricano negativamente. Per il fenomeno dell' induzione elettrostatica le cariche inducono sulle punte del conduttore ad “U” una carica negativa per addensamento dei suoi elettroni. Le punte sono usate per amplificare l'induzione elettrostatica, dato che esse aumentano il campo elettrico che si forma tra il disco di vetro e le punte presenti sui due conduttori metallici paralleli alla superficie di vetro e terminanti con due palline di materiale isolante di colore bianco. Nel conduttore, dunque, lo spostamento dei suoi elettroni verso le parti terminali dei due bracci a “U” ad opera dell'induzione fa comparire dall'altro lato, quello delle sfere, una carica positiva.

    93. Project MUSE
    of a New Construction ofEyeGlasses for Such Telescopes as May be Applied to Mathematical Instruments......ramsden, jesse and Joseph Banks. 1783. A
    http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/perspectives_on_science/v010/10.4schickore.html
    How Do I Get This Article? Athens Login
    Access Restricted
    This article is available through Project MUSE, an electronic journals collection made available to subscribing libraries NOTE: Please do NOT contact Project MUSE for a login and password. See How Do I Get This Article? for more information.
    Login: Password: Your browser must have cookies turned on Schickore, Jutta "(Ab)Using the Past for Present Purposes: Exposing Contextual and Trans-Contextual Features of Error"
    Perspectives on Science - Volume 10, Number 4, Winter 2002, pp. 433-456
    The MIT Press

    Abstract
    Search
    Journals About MUSE Contact Us

    94. Ramsden Okulár
    jesse ramsden alakította ki az okulárok ezen típusát 1782ben. Szintén kétsíkdomború lencsét tartalmaz, de itt a két lencse fókusztávolsága egyenlo,
    http://www.macsbk.hu/tavcso/okularok/ramsden.html
    Jesse Ramsden alakította ki az okulárok ezen típusát 1782-ben. Szintén két síkdomború lencsét tartalmaz, de itt a két lencse fókusztávolsága egyenlõ, domború felükkel az okulár belseje felé néznek, és közelebb is ülnek egymáshoz, mint a Hygens típusú okulárok lencséi. Ez az elrendezés kedvez a szemtávolságnak (nagyobb, mint a Hygens esetén), de az optikai hibák ezen típusnál is kifejezettek. Akárcsak elõdje, a Ramsden típus is a kihaló félben lévõ okulárokhoz tartozik.

    95. L'EVOLUZIONE DEL TELESCOPIO A RIFLESSIONE
    Translate this page 9 Sestante di Hadley, costruito da jesse ramsden, conservato presso il Museo Circa nello stesso periodo in Inghilterra operava anche jesse ramsden,
    http://www.orsapa.it/saggi/evtele.htm
    L'EVOLUZIONE DEL TELESCOPIO A RIFLESSIONE: DA NEWTON A LORD ROSSE di Fredi De Maria Fig. 1: Sir Isaac Newton Nuova Teoria sulla Luce e i Colori presentata alla Royal Society nel 1672, verrà definitivamente ed organicamente esposta, trent'anni più tardi, nel trattato " Optics ", dato alle stampe nel 1704. Allorché mise mano a tali esperimenti, Newton era ormai pronto ad andare oltre Cartesio e Keplero: perfettamente padrone del trattamento matematico della luce, come molti altri scienziati suoi contemporanei era estremamente interessato al perfezionamento delle lenti, per le quali, allo scopo di correggerne l'aberrazione sferica, Cartesio stesso aveva correttamente proposto curvature asferiche, e più precisamente paraboliche. Newton seguì la stessa via, e costruì diversi cannocchiali basati sulla rifrazione. Ma le ragioni che gli avevano suggerito l'acquisto di quel prisma, e gli esperimenti che ne seguirono, lo persuasero ad accantonare le sue ricerche sulle lenti. Lo spazio non consente di entrare nel dettaglio del suo racconto dell'esperimento grazie al quale pervenne alla comprensione e alla descrizione della natura della luce; quel che conta è che egli si rese conto dell'impossibilità di concentrare esattamente la luce bianca in un punto focale mediante una lente, dato che la distanza focale risultava diversa per ciascuno dei colori componenti la luce bianca stessa: di qui le fastidiose frange colorate (iridazioni) che si osservavano nelle immagini fornite da cannocchiali e microscopi. Benché le lenti asferiche fossero in grado di correggere l'aberrazione sferica, esse non avrebbero potuto fornire alcun aiuto nei confronti di quelle frange.

    96. [Dingler: Über Die Geschichte]
    Translate this page Cassini selbst stand mit jesse ramsden (1735-1800), dem großen englischenInstrumentenbauer in Verbindung, hat ihn auch 1787 besucht und die Zusage von ihm
    http://www.infosoftware.de/DinglerII.html
    L i teratur im Kontext auf CD-ROM Hugo Dingler: Gesammelte Werke Auszug II. Aus der CD-ROM-Ausgabe Über die Geschichte und das Wesen des Experimentes, München 1952, 23 S. Über die Geschichte und das Wesen des Experimentes Das Experiment ist das wichtigste Forschungsmittel in der Naturwissenschaft. Es ist daher von besonderem Reiz, einmal den Weg zu verfolgen, den es im Laufe der Geschichte bis zu seiner heutigen hohen Ausbildung genommen hat. Ich darf zunächst einige Worte über die allgemeine Absicht meiner Darlegungen anfügen. Man kann Geschichte auf die verschiedenste Weise ansehen und betreiben: nämlich je nach dem Gesichtspunkte, nach dem man die anzuführenden geschichtlichen Umstände (die sog. Tatsachen) auswählt. Geschichtsschreibung ist eine dauernde Auswahl. Alles Geschehen selbst ist als Realvorgang unausschöpflich. Es enthält nämlich so viele Details, daß es stets und prinzipiell unmöglich ist, alle aufzuschreiben und anzuführen. Alles wirkliche Geschehen ist somit niemals völlig in Begriffen faßbar, ist daher niemals völlig rational zu behandeln, ist also letzten Endes irrational. Daher kann Geschichte stets nur Teilumstände in Worte fassen. Dies ist besonders klar, wo es in der Geschichte um geistige Vorgänge geht, die von Menschen vollzogen werden. Es ist unmöglich, die Vorgänge in einem Menschengehirn völlig klarzulegen, geschweige denn vergangene solche Vorgänge. Bei der Geschichte wissenschaftlicher Vorgänge, wie z.B. beim Experiment, spielen noch besondere Momente mit.

    97. Technology/ Engineering
    Translate this page ramsden, jesse. Rankine, William John Macquorn. Rateau, Auguste Camille Edmond.Réaumur, René-Antoine Ferchault de. Redtenbacher, Ferdinand Jakob
    http://www.indiana.edu/~newdsb/tech.html
    Technology/ Engineering Agassiz, Alexander Alberti, Leone Battista Albrecht, Carl Theodor Amici, Giovan Battista Amsler, Jakob Archimedes Armstrong, Edwin Howard Ayrton, Hertha Babbage, Charles Baker, Henry Balbus Baldi, Bernardino Barkhausen, Heinrich Georg Bauer, Franz Andreas Beale, Lionel Smith Beckmann, Johann Beeckman, Isaac Bell, Alexander Graham Bellinsgauzen, Faddei F. Berger, Hans Berkner, Lloyd Viel Bernoulli, Jakob Bessemer, Henry Betancourt y Molina, Augustin de Bion, Nicolas Borelli, Giovanni Alfonso Borries, Bodo von Bossut, Charles Bour, Edmond Boussinesq, Joseph Valentin Brashman, Nikolai Dmitrievich Brinell, Johan August Brioschi, Francesco Brown, Ernest William Brunelleschi, Filippo Bunyakovsky, Viktor Yakovlevich Buono, Paolo del Bush, Vannevar Cailletet, Louis Paul Callendar, Hugh Longbourne Campani, Giuseppe Carnot, Lazare-Nicolas- Marguerite Castelli, Benedetto Castigliano, Alberto Cauchy, Augustin-Louis Chaplygin, Sergei Alekseevich Charcot, Jean-Baptiste Chardonnet, Louis-Marie- Hilaire Bernigaud Christofilos, Nicholas Constantine Clairaut, Alexis-Claude

    98. Ciência Em Portugal - Episódios
    Translate this page Depois de tentativas, feitas por outros, jesse ramsden (1731-1800), entre 1768e 1773, concebeu e desenvolveu a máquina de dividir escalas circulares (Fig
    http://www.instituto-camoes.pt/cvc/ciencia/e20.html
    Cultura Portuguesa Pedro Nunes, Mercator e Escher Pedro Nunes e a Astrologia Arquitectura e Ciência - António Rodrigues Francisco Sanches - O Elo Perdido Os Nomes Portugueses de Al-Khuarizmi O Instrumento de Sombras O Picante dos Descobrimentos Galileu em Portugal O Fogo de Santelmo O Lume Vivo As Observações de Couplet na Paraíba Do Informalismo ao Formalismo na Ciência Setecentista em Portugal O Cometa do Vinho do Porto As Ciências Físicas em Coimbra de 1850 a 1900 A fundação da Sociedade de Geografia O Marégrafo de Cascais A Estrela de Cabral Vida breve Um Físico no Exílio O aluno de Madame Curie Entre o Porto e Recife O Núcleo de Matemática, Física e Química O fabuloso Museu da Marinha Serendipidade A Dendrocronologia e os Painéis de Nuno Gonçalves
    PEDRO NUNES

    Bibliografia

    Arte de navegar , Lisboa, 1606 Maquina de dividir circular inventada por Jesse Ramsden. Desenho incluido na sua obra Description of an engine for dividing mathematical instruments, Londres, Froment Coimbra Regimento do Regimento Arte de Navegar , publicada em 1606, diz-nos:" Descrito o astrolábio resta dividi-lo, a qual divisão se fará desta maneira. Divide-se cada quadrante superior em 3 partes iguais, cada uma das quais se repartirá em outras 3, e serão 9 e destas cada uma pelo meio saírão 18 que divididas cada uma em 5 ficará o quadrante dividido em 90 e cada uma das quais e ao centro do círculo ajuntando uma regra [régua] se tirarão por elas linhas pequenas, lançando as que se tirarem de 10 em 10 graus, por ambos os intervalos e as de 5 em 5

    99. Latitude Longitude
    Translate this page Depois de tentativas, feitas por outros, jesse ramsden (1731-1800), entre 1768e 1773, Fig.2-Maquina de dividir circular inventada por jesse ramsden.
    http://www.cienciaviva.pt/latlong/anterior/nonio1.asp
    Bemvindo a Latitude e Longitude, Instrumentos e Medição - Ciência Viva English Version Menu O NÓNIO DE PEDRO NUNES Início Escolas Investigadores Materiais de Apoio ... Kit [ MATERIAIS DE APOIO ] O NÓNIO DE PEDRO NUNES
    A navegação astronómica teve início ainda no século XV, quando os navegadores portugueses, ao afastarem-se da costa tiveram de recorrer a instrumentos de altura para determinar a posição do navio. Para o efeito, usaram quadrantes e astrolábios náuticos que, necessariamente tinham de estar bem divididos pois, só assim, se assegurava o rigor dos cálculos que efectuavam.
    Esta exigência era tal que, no século seguinte, o Regimento do Cosmógrafo-mór, promulgado em 1592, estabelecia a obrigatoriedade de exame dos mestres das cartas de marear e fabricantes de instrumentos náuticos, assim como a verificação pelo Cosmógrafo-mór, que neles devia apôr a sua assinatura como atestado de qualidade. O Regimento ia ao ponto de aplicar penas aos fabricantes não examinados e aos mestres aprovados que não submetessem as suas obras a exame.
    Fig.1-Gravura do astrolábio náutico apresentado por Simão de Oliveira na Arte de navegar, Lisboa, 1606. Biblioteca Central da Marinha, Lisboa.

    100. Jesse --  Encyclopædia Britannica
    jesse in the Old Testament, the father of King David. jesse was the son of Ohed,and the grandson of Boaz and Ruth. He was a farmer and sheep breeder in
    http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9043574
    Home Browse Newsletters Store ... Subscribe Already a member? Log in Content Related to this Topic This Article's Table of Contents Jesse Print this Table of Contents Shopping Price: USD $1495 Revised, updated, and still unrivaled. The Official Scrabble Players Dictionary (Hardcover) Price: USD $15.95 The Scrabble player's bible on sale! Save 30%. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary Price: USD $19.95 Save big on America's best-selling dictionary. Discounted 38%! More Britannica products Jesse
     Encyclopædia Britannica Article Page 1 of 1 also spelled Isai, in the Old Testament, the father of King David. Jesse was the son of Ohed, and the grandson of Boaz and Ruth. He was a farmer and sheep breeder in Bethlehem. David
    Jesse... (75 of 174 words) var mm = [["Jan.","January"],["Feb.","February"],["Mar.","March"],["Apr.","April"],["May","May"],["June","June"],["July","July"],["Aug.","August"],["Sept.","September"],["Oct.","October"],["Nov.","November"],["Dec.","December"]]; To cite this page: MLA style: "Jesse."

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