41. CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Hamburg A city supposed to be identical with the Marionis of ptolemy, was founded by a colony of fishermen from Lower Saxony. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07121b.htm

Home Encyclopedia Summa Fathers ... H > Hamburg A B C D ... Z Hamburg A city supposed to be identical with the Marionis of Ptolemy, was founded by a colony of fishermen from Lower Saxony, who settled on the wooded heights ( hamma-wald ) at the end of a tongue of land between the Elbe and the Alster, on the spot now occupied by the church of St. Peter and the Johanneum Gymnasium. Between 805 and 810 Charlemagne fortified the place and used it as a base of operations for the diffusion of Christianity in the North. By permission of Gregory IV , Louis the Pious established there an archiepiscopal see , in 831, with jurisdiction over all missions in Scandinavia, Northern Russia, Iceland, and Greenland. The see was given to St. Ansgar, the Apostle of the North, but the piratical raids of the Northmen and the Obotrites compelled him to remove to Bremen. When, in 845, the Bishop of Bremen died, Ansgar sought to have the two sees united, and his request was granted, but the consolidation was not ratified by Nicholas I until 31 May, 864, Bremen being detached from the metropolitan Province of Cologne. Ansgar died in 865, after preparing the way for the conversion of Sweden and giving new life to the missionary movement among the Danes. He was succeeded by his disciple Rimbert, a second Apostle of the North (865-88), who carried on the work of evangelization in Denmark and Sweden in spite of repeated raids by the Northmen and the Wends. Rimbert's immediate successors were St. Adalgar (888-909) and Holger (909-916), both of them monks from Corvey, in whose time Cologne renewed its claims to metropolitan jurisdiction. Under Reginwart (916-18), the successor of Holger, the diocese was overrun by the Huns, who burned Bremen. Of the succeeding

42. Skyscript: The Life & Work Of Ptolemy By Deborah Houlding The Life and Work of ptolemy, and his importance to the history of astrology. http://www.skyscript.co.uk/ptolemy.html

SECTION HEADINGS Ptolemy's Significance Ptolemy's Cosmos Planetary Humours About the Author ... reproduction Books by Ptolemy: Claudius Ptolemaeus, better known as Ptolemy, lived and worked in the middle of the 2nd century AD. His astrological textbook - the Tetrabiblos - became the standard bearer for subsequent generations. He has been been referred to as 'the most important single figure in the history of astrology, and one of the most important in the history of astronomy'. In the history of science there can be few names more illustrious than Ptolemy's but in view of his reputation very little is known about his life. Research into his personal circumstances has proved fruitless apart from a fairly well-established opinion that he was born at Ptolemais in Egypt sometime around the year 100 AD, died around the age of 78, and worked within the precincts of Alexandria on the Nile. A study of his texts reveals an extensive knowledge of philosophy, mathematics, geography, astronomy and astrology. A proficiency and interest in music is also suggested in some of his minor works, in keeping with the Platonic belief that astronomy and music are twin sciences, linked by the Pythagorean philosophy of the harmony of the spheres. Modern astrologers remember Ptolemy as the author of one of the oldest complete manuals of astrology, - the

43. CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Ruspe Titular see of Byzacena in Africa, mentioned only by ptolemy (IV, 3) and the Tabula Peutinger. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13230c.htm

Home Encyclopedia Summa Fathers ... R > Ruspe A B C D ... Z Ruspe Titular see of Byzacena in Africa, mentioned only by Ptolemy (IV, 3) and the "Tabula" Peutinger. According to the first it was on the coast between Acholla (Kasr el Abiah) and Usilla (Henshir Inshilla); the "Tabula", or map of Peutinger, states that it was six (doubtless twenty-six) miles from the latter place. It is identified with the ruins called Ksour Siad, seventeen miles from Acholla. Others believe it to be at Henshir Sbia, four miles west of Cape Kapoudia (north of the Gulf of Gabes, Tunisia), its name being preserved at Koudiat Rosfa near Ras el Louza. It seems more probable that Koudiat Rospa is itself the ancient Ruspe. Four bishops of the see are known: Stephanus, exiled by King Huneric (484); St. Fulgentius, consecrated in 508, died in 533; Felicianus, his companion in exile and successor, who assisted at the Council of Carthage (about 534); Julianus, who signed in 641 the Anti-Monothelite letter of the bishops of Byzancena to the Emperor Constantine. SMITH, Dict. of Greek and Roman geogr., s. v.; MULLER, Notes on Ptolemy, ed. DIDOT, I, 622; TOULOTTE, Geographie de l'Afrique chretienne: Byzacene et Tripolitaine (Montreuil, 1894), 164-6.

44. Fragments Of Ptolemy Fragments of ptolemy on Early Christian Writings the New Testament, Apocrypha,Gnostics, and Church Fathers information and translations of Gospels, http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/ptolemy.html

Fragments of Ptolemy Online Text for Ptolemy Ptolemy's Commentary on the Prologue of John Ptolemy's Letter to Flora Online Resources for Ptolemy Catholic Encyclopedia: Ptolemy the Gnostic Information on Ptolemy In the preface to his work, Irenaeus states: "I intend, then, to the best of my ability, with brevity and clearness to set forth the opinions of those who are now promulgating heresy. I refer especially to the disciples of Ptolemaeus, whose school may be described as a bud from that of Valentinus." Here is Irenaeus in Against Heresies Irenaeus also refers to the views of Ptolemy in Against Heresies Go to the Early Christian Writings: New Testament, Apocrypha, Gnostics, Church Fathers homepage. Please support this web site by buying the CD with over 250 MB of information and texts! For convenience, a copy of the table of contents is provided here. Passion Narrative Lost Sayings Gospel Q 1 Thessalonians Philippians ... E-Mail Web development by 76 Web Design: Orange County Web Design Hosting provided by Cheap Domain Name Hosting

45. CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Sidyma A titular see in Lycia, suffragan of Myra; mentioned by ptolemy. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13778b.htm

Home Encyclopedia Summa Fathers ... S > Sidyma A B C D ... Z Sidyma A titular see in Lycia, suffragan of Myra; mentioned by Ptolemy, V, 3, 5; Pliny, V, 28; Hierocles, 684, 15; Stephanus Byzantinus, s. v., Cedrenus (ed. Bonn) 344. Near the sea and to the west of Patara it was built on the southern slope of Cragus, to the north-west of the estuary of the Kanthus. Its history is unknown; its ruins, which prove it to have been an unimportant place, are near the village of Doodoorgar, in the vilayet of Koniah, and consist of a theatre, agora, temples, tombs, and some inscriptions. Le Quien, "Oriens christianus", I, 973, mentions three of its bishops: Hypatius, who signed the letter of the bishops of Lycia to the Emperor Leo, 458; Zemarchus, at the councils of Constantinople in 680 and 692; Nicodemus, at Nicaea, 787; Eustathius, present at the Council of Seleucia, 359, was bishop both of Pinara and of Sidyma (see Le Quien, ibid., 975). The see is mentioned by the Greek "Notitiae episcopatuum" until the thirteenth century. FELLOWS, Lycia, 151 seq.; SMITH, Dict. of Greek and Roman Geog., s.v., RAMSEY, Asia Minor, 425; TEXIER, Asie mineure, 675.

46. Ptolemy (ca. 100-ca. 170) -- From Eric Weisstein's World Of Scientific Biography ptolemy, who also wrote Tetrabiblos, a work on astrology, described his systemin the book ptolemy also investigated the refraction of light in water, http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Ptolemy.html

Branch of Science Philosophers Nationality Greek Ptolemy (ca. 100-ca. 170) Roman name: Claudius Ptolemaeus. Greek philosopher who synthesized and extended Hipparchus's system of epicycles and eccentric circles to explain his geocentric theory of the solar system. Ptolemy believed the planets and Sun to orbit the Earth in the order Mercury Venus Sun Mars ... Saturn This system became known as the Ptolemaic system and predicted the positions of the planets accurately enough for naked-eye observations, although it made some ridiculous predictions, such as that the distance to the moon should vary by a factor of two over its orbit. Ptolemy, who also wrote Tetrabiblos , a work on astrology, described his system in the book Mathematical Syntaxis (widely called the Almagest ). The Almagest also included a star catalog containing 48 constellations, using the names we still use today. Ptolemy also investigated the refraction of light in water, but altered his data to fit the form of the mathematical law he postulated to be correct. Additional biographies: MacTutor (St. Andrews)

47. LacusCurtius • Roman Texts The main index page for the Latin texts on LacusCurtius Pliny's Natural History, Frontinus, Vitruvius, ptolemy's Geography. http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/

mail: Bill Thayer Italiano Help Up Home Latin Texts on LacusCurtius Part of the opening lines of Frontinus's book on the water supply of Rome (13th- or 14th- century manuscript: Codex Cassinensis 361) Here Latin Texts complete Latin text The Natural History of Pliny the Elder: NOTE: There is no complete translation of this text on the Web, either on LacusCurtius or anywhere else. A few individual Books, and some very few additional passages, have been translated into various languages on various webpages: when I know about them, links to them have been inserted in the Latin. complete Latin text, English translation Frontinus on the Water Supply of Rome: In the early 2c A.D. Sextus Julius Frontinus was called on to administer the city's water, and methodically set out to discover and put an end to endemic theft of the resource, and prevent it in the future. Having done so, he wrote a very accurate and engagingly sober book about it, which is a mine of information for modern archaeologists and historians. Of everything Roman I've ever read, this is my favorite work, and I'm pleased to be able to share it with you. In progress, if slowly: I'm linking each paragraph of the Latin to a photograph of it in the only surviving ancient

48. Great Books Index - Ptolemy ptolemy Great Books Index. ptolemy (about 85about 165 AD). An Index toOnline Great Books in English Translation. AUTHORS/HOME . TITLES . http://books.mirror.org/gb.ptolemy.html

GREAT BOOKS INDEX Ptolemy (about 85about 165 AD) An Index to Online Great Books in English Translation AUTHORS/HOME TITLES ABOUT GB INDEX BOOK LINKS The Almagest by Ptolemy Geography Articles The Geography HTML edition with maps (LacusCurtius, 50KB) An interesting site. [Back to Top of Page] Links to Information About Ptolemy Biography of Ptolemy (IMSS, Florence) [Back to Top of Page] GREAT BOOKS INDEX MENU Great Books Index Home Page and Author List List of All Works by Author and Title [90KB] About the Great Books Index Links to Other Great Books and Literature Sites ... Literary Cryptograms Support for the Great Books Index web pages is provided by Ken Roberts Computer Consultants Inc URL: http://books.mirror.org/gb.ptolemy.html Last revised January 11, 1999 by Ken Roberts e-mail ken@mirror.org

49. Lojban Lessons Current drafts of the introductory brochure and lessons on Lojban. http://ptolemy.tlg.uci.edu/~opoudjis/lojbanbrochure/

Lojban Lessons Home Lojban-specific Language: ENG ELL EPO JBO *TLH LAT Distribution Level Booklet: What is Lojban? Available on the Lojban website Lessons: Lojban for Beginners Last updated: 2002-04-03 Format View zip DocBook (source) [CVS] Lessons RTF Lessons RTF (paperback size) Lessons PDF Lessons PDF (paperback size) Lessons TeX Lessons HTML Lessons Lessons HTML (unicode) Lessons Lessons If you find any errors or have any suggestions on the lessons, please post them to the Lessons Errata page on the Lojban wiki Fonts The PC RTF uses the fonts: Gentium Trebuchet MS , Optima. Credits The Lessons Lojban for Beginners , were written by Robin Turner and Nick Nicholas. They are based on Robin Turner's earlier draft Technical It is intended that this document be made available in a variety of formats: HTML, PDF, TeX and RTF. As a result, it is being authored in XML, and in particular DocBook While my loyalties lie with TEI instead as an encoding scheme (the TEI is intended to cover literary texts, while DocBook was designed for technical documentation), DocBook currently holds a slight edge in rendering: it has a current DSSSL stylesheet, while the TEI has

50. PTOLEMY'S GEOGRAPHY ptolemy. Claudius Ptolemaeus was a celebrated geographer and astrologer who ptolemy s description of the Irish coastline, rivers and towns has been http://www.roman-britain.org/ptolemy.htm

WWW. Roman-Britain .ORG The Geography of Ptolemy The British Section I know that I am mortal and the creature of a day: but when I search out the massed wheeling circles of the stars, my feet no longer touch the earth, but, side by side with Zeus himself, I take my fill of ambrosia, the food of the gods. P TOLEMY Claudius Ptolemaeus was a celebrated geographer and astrologer who flourished between the reigns of Hadrian and Antonine in the second century AD. A greek by descent, he was a native of Alexandria in Egypt, and became known as the most wise and learned man of his time. He published several books on astronomy, including The Almagest which gave the positions of 1022 fixed stars by latitude and longitude, his discovery of the precession of the equinoxes , and also expounded an Earth-centred view on the workings of the universe based on epicycles - the Ptolemaic System - which was to remain unchallenged until the Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus published his theory on a Sun-centred universe, the now-familiar Solar System, in AD1543.

51. Ptplot 2D data plotter and histogram tool implemented in Java. Ptplot can be used as a standalone applet or application, or it can be embedded in your own applet or application. Open Source http://ptolemy.eecs.berkeley.edu/java/ptplot/

This page uses frames, but your browser doesn't support them.

52. Tcl Blend Notes about using Sun's Tcl/Java interface that works with Tcl8.0, JDK1.1. and JDK1.2. http://ptolemy.eecs.berkeley.edu/~cxh/java/tclblend/

Tcl Blend Remote Places to go Scriptics Jacl and Tcl Blend page Tcljava Mailing List Archives: www.egroups.com www.mail-archive.com Tutorial given at the Tcl/Tk conference, 9/16/98 Tcl and Java Programming: Practice and Pitfalls Tutorial Notes The release notes for Sun's Java Embedded Server state that Jacl is included as an unsupported feature Cameron Laird's personal notes on Jacl and Tcl Blend Steve Ball's chapter about Tcl Blend and Jacl from a forthcoming book. The ICEM CFD Compiler may some day generate Java Byte Codes. Java Resources www.javasoft.com Java Developers Connection: http://www.javasoft.com/jdc - This is free to join, and a good place to search for information about JNI bugs. JDK1.2 JNI Enhancements: http://java.sun.com/products/jdk/1.2/docs/guide/jni/index.html - Includes the JNI1.1 Specification and a FAQ Javasoft JNI Tutorial http://www.javasoft.com/docs/books/tutorial/native1.1/index.html Local Places to go Jacl and Tcl Blend Developer's Downloads Notes about Using Tcl Blend and Jacl Version Information Tcl Blend Exceptions Hints about java.lang.System.out.println

53. Ptolemy's Ptools - History Of Ptolemy Who was ptolemy? Claudius (Ptolemaues) ptolemy. Claudius ptolemy was born inEgypt in about 85 AD He was one of the most infuential Greek astromomers, http://library.thinkquest.org/19029/history200.html

Who was Ptolemy? Claudius (Ptolemaues) Ptolemy Claudius Ptolemy was born in Egypt in about 85 A.D. He was one of the most infuential Greek astromomers, geographers and mathematicians of his time.He had access to knowledge left by the great scientists before him. Of the many written works of Ptolemy, the Almagest and the Geography are the best known. Almagest is still in use today. Divided into 13 sections, each section deals with a different astronomical concept. As Ptolemy continued to study and observe the heavens, he formulated his geocentric theory (Earth Centered) known as the Ptolemaic System. The Ptolemaic System shows the Earth as the center of the system followed outward by the moon, Mercury, Venus, Sun, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. This system was accepted by all until 1543 when Nicholaus Copernicus discovered the heliocentric (sun centered)system. For his accomplishments, Ptolemy has both a Mars crater and a lunar crater named for him. to visit links about Ptolemy, click on the picture Back to the home page

54. ¢ŠE‚̍‘X / “ìƒAƒƒŠƒJ 南アメリカ諸国の国土や通貨など基礎データを掲載。 http://homepage1.nifty.com/ptolemy/nations/south-am/south-am.htm

HOME ¢ŠE‚̍‘X BACK NEXT “ìƒAƒƒŠƒJ ¥’²‚ׂ½‚¢‘–¼‚ðƒNƒŠƒbƒN‚µ‚Ä‚­‚¾‚³‚¢¥ ƒAƒ‹ƒ[ƒ“ƒ`ƒ“ ƒEƒ‹ƒOƒAƒC ƒGƒNƒAƒhƒ‹ ƒKƒCƒAƒi ... ƒyƒ‹[

55. Ptolemy Biography Nothing reliable is known of Claudius ptolemy s life that cannot be Claudius suggests he held Roman citizenship, ptolemy that he was of Greek http://www.hps.cam.ac.uk/starry/ptolemy.html

Links Personalities Tour (Next) Previous Ptolemy Tour (Next) Ptolemy Pages Ptolemy Astrology Calendar Reform Cosmology ... Sundials General Pages Home Index Ptolemy In the Syntaxis (or Almagest ), Ptolemy (second century A.D.) synthesised mathematical astronomy into a coherent whole which rendered his predecessors obsolete and would dominate Western and Islamic thought until the sixteenth century. He also wrote works on astrology, geography, optics and music. Large image (123K). Very Large image (1.2M). Nothing reliable is known of Claudius Ptolemy's life that cannot be deduced from his surviving works; only a few brief and unsupported biographical statements are made by much later sources. 'Claudius' suggests he held Roman citizenship, 'Ptolemy' that he was of Greek descent and lived in Egypt. The astronomical observations that he listed as having himself made cover the period 127-141 AD, from which it may be inferred that he was active in the first and into the second half of the second century AD, and all of those observations are listed as made in Alexandria, so it is likely that he lived in or near that city, still a great centre of learning at that time. In the Middle Ages, before the twelfth century, when his work was being discovered and studied in detail by Islamic scholars, little more than his name was remembered in the Latin West; as early as the Encyclopedia of Isidore of Seville (c.600 AD) he was confused with the dynasty of Ptolemies who had ruled Egypt after Alexander the Great, and from that sprang an iconographic tradition, lasting a thousand years, in which Ptolemy was regularly represented wearing a crown.

56. ¢ŠE’n}‚ðì‚낤 世界地図作成ソフトウェア(有償)とデータのダウンロード。地図と投影法の説明。地図の歴史、用語集、世界の国〠。 http://homepage1.nifty.com/ptolemy/

Let's make World Map. Sorry this site for Japanese only. ¡¢ŠE‚̍‘X ¡—pŒêW ¡’n—ƒŠƒ“ƒNW ¡ƒƒbƒZ[ƒW ... ¡ŒfŽ¦” ¡T‚̃Vƒ‹ƒGƒbƒgƒNƒCƒY No.201 (05/09/05) ‚±‚ÌŠG‚Í‚ ‚鍑i‚à‚µ‚­‚Í’nˆæj‚̃Vƒ‹ƒGƒbƒg‚Å‚·B‚³‚Ä‚Ç‚±‚Å‚µ‚傤H ‚±‚±‚©‚ç‘I‚ñ‚Å‚­‚¾‚³‚¢ ƒAƒCƒXƒ‰ƒ“ƒh ƒAƒCƒ‹ƒ‰ƒ“ƒh ƒAƒ[ƒ‹ƒoƒCƒWƒƒƒ“ ƒAƒtƒKƒjƒXƒ^ƒ“ ƒAƒƒŠƒJ‡O‘ ƒAƒƒŠƒJ—̃Tƒ‚ƒA ƒAƒ‰ƒuŽñ’·‘˜A–M ƒAƒ‹ƒWƒFƒŠƒA ƒAƒ‹ƒ[ƒ“ƒ`ƒ“ ƒAƒ‹ƒoƒjƒA ƒAƒ‹ƒƒjƒA ƒAƒ“ƒSƒ‰ ƒAƒ“ƒeƒBƒOƒAEƒo[ƒu[ƒ_ ƒAƒ“ƒeƒBƒ‹ ƒAƒ“ƒhƒ‰ ƒCƒGƒƒ“ ƒCƒMƒŠƒX ƒCƒXƒ‰ƒGƒ‹ ƒCƒ^ƒŠƒA ƒCƒ‰ƒN ƒCƒ‰ƒ“ ƒCƒ“ƒh ƒCƒ“ƒhƒlƒVƒA ƒEƒKƒ“ƒ_ ƒEƒNƒ‰ƒCƒi ƒEƒYƒxƒLƒXƒ^ƒ“ ƒEƒ‹ƒOƒAƒC ƒGƒNƒAƒhƒ‹ ƒGƒWƒvƒg ƒGƒXƒgƒjƒA ƒGƒ`ƒIƒsƒA ƒGƒŠƒgƒŠƒA ƒGƒ‹ƒTƒ‹ƒoƒhƒ‹ ƒI[ƒXƒgƒ‰ƒŠƒA ƒI[ƒXƒgƒŠƒA ƒIƒ‰ƒ“ƒ_ ƒIƒ‰ƒ“ƒ_—̃Aƒ“ƒeƒBƒ‹ ƒKƒCƒAƒi ƒJƒUƒtƒXƒ^ƒ“ ƒJƒ^[ƒ‹ ƒK[ƒi ƒJƒiƒ_ ƒJƒiƒŠƒA”“‡ ƒJƒƒ‹[ƒ“ ƒKƒ“ƒrƒA –k’©‘N ƒMƒjƒA ƒMƒjƒAƒrƒTƒE ƒLƒvƒƒX ƒLƒ [ƒo ƒMƒŠƒVƒƒ ƒLƒŠƒoƒX ƒLƒ‹ƒMƒX ƒOƒAƒhƒ‹[ƒv“‡ ƒOƒAƒ€ ƒNƒEƒF[ƒg ƒNƒbƒN”“‡ ƒOƒŠ[ƒ“ƒ‰ƒ“ƒh ƒOƒ‹ƒWƒA ƒOƒŒƒiƒ_ ƒNƒƒAƒ`ƒA ƒPƒjƒA ƒRƒXƒ^ƒŠƒJ ƒRƒ‚ƒ ƒRƒƒ“ƒrƒA ƒRƒ“ƒS‹¤˜a‘ ƒRƒ“ƒS–¯Žå‹¤˜a‘ ƒTƒEƒWƒAƒ‰ƒrƒA ƒTƒ‚ƒA ƒTƒ“ƒgƒEƒvƒŠƒ“ƒVƒy ƒUƒ“ƒrƒA ƒVƒGƒ‰ƒŒƒIƒl ƒWƒuƒ` ƒVƒŠƒA ƒWƒ“ƒoƒuƒG ƒXƒCƒX ƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“ ƒX[ƒ_ƒ“ ƒXƒyƒCƒ“ ƒXƒŠƒiƒ€ ƒXƒŠƒ‰ƒ“ƒJ ƒXƒƒoƒLƒA ƒXƒƒxƒjƒA ƒXƒƒWƒ‰ƒ“ƒh ƒZƒCƒVƒFƒ‹ Ô“¹ƒMƒjƒA ƒZƒlƒKƒ‹ ƒZƒ‹ƒrƒAEƒ‚ƒ“ƒeƒlƒOƒ ƒZƒ“ƒgƒNƒŠƒXƒgƒtƒ@[EƒlƒCƒrƒX ƒZƒ“ƒgƒrƒ“ƒZƒ“ƒgEƒOƒŒƒiƒfƒB[ƒ“ ƒZƒ“ƒgƒ‹ƒVƒA ƒ^ƒC ‘ä˜p ƒ^ƒWƒLƒXƒ^ƒ“ ƒ^ƒ“ƒUƒjƒA ƒ`ƒƒƒh ’†‰›ƒAƒtƒŠƒJ ƒ`ƒ ƒjƒWƒA ƒ`ƒFƒR ƒcƒoƒ‹ ƒhƒCƒc ƒg[ƒS ƒhƒ~ƒjƒJ‹¤˜a‘ ƒhƒ~ƒjƒJ‘ ƒgƒŠƒjƒ_[ƒhEƒgƒoƒS ƒgƒ‹ƒNƒƒjƒXƒ^ƒ“ ƒgƒ‹ƒR ƒgƒ“ƒK ƒiƒCƒWƒFƒŠƒA ƒiƒEƒ‹ ƒiƒ~ƒrƒA ƒjƒJƒ‰ƒOƒA ¼ƒTƒnƒ‰ ƒjƒWƒF[ƒ‹ ƒjƒ [ƒJƒŒƒhƒjƒA ƒjƒ [ƒW[ƒ‰ƒ“ƒh ƒlƒp[ƒ‹ ƒmƒ‹ƒEƒF[ ƒnƒCƒ` ƒpƒLƒXƒ^ƒ“ ƒoƒ`ƒJƒ“

57. Ptolemy And The Armillary Sphere As practical instruments, at least as described by ptolemy, their use was limited;for accurate results a very skilled observer was required to align all http://www.hps.cam.ac.uk/starry/ptolarmill.html

Links Armillary Sphere Tour (Next) Previous Armillary Sphere Pages The Armillary Sphere Demonstrational Armillary Spheres Observational Armillary Sphere Mathematical Techniques: The Celestial Sphere ... Previous Ptolemy Pages Ptolemy Astrology Calendar Reform Cosmology ... Index Ptolemy and the Armillary Sphere Large image (105K) Very Large image (1.1M) The armillary sphere , or spherical astrolabe, was the most complex of the instruments that Ptolemy described in the Syntaxis , comprising seven interlocking, graduated rings, representing the fundamental circles of the heavens, that swivelled around various axes within a skeletal sphere. It was designed to permit direct reading of the position of a celestial body in convenient co-ordinates. As demonstration instruments, used in teaching the concepts of astronomy, armillary spheres endured long after the Middle Ages and survived the overthrow of the Ptolemaic system itself. As practical instruments, at least as described by Ptolemy, their use was limited; for accurate results a very skilled observer was required to align all the rings correctly before making an observation. Recommended Reading M.Hoskin (ed.)

58. Encyclopaedia Of The Orient King of Egypt and second in the Ptolemaic dynasty. 309 246 BCE. http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?ptolemy_2.htm

59. LacusCurtius • Ptolemy's Geography Home page for my Web edition of the Geography of Claudius ptolemy. Maps redrawnfrom his data. http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Periods/Roman/_Texts/Ptolemy/hom

mail: Bill Thayer Italiano Help Up Home Ptolemy: the Geography The Author: Claudius Ptolemy was an astronomer and mathematician of the 2c A.D. , whose exact dates we do not know, but who must apparently have worked in Alexandria between A.D. 127 and 148 since some of his astronomical observations are consistent with those dates. A.D. Tetrabiblos No, you shouldn't believe any of that last paragraph, but I couldn't resist. It is sad that, as with so many figures of Antiquity, we know next to nothing about the man himself. For a good summary of his work, though, try Ptolemy, the Man ; and Historical Astrology In Egypt for a good page focusing mostly on his astrological work, even if the page refers to him as "dabbling" in geography. . . For an attempt to reconstruct what he actually looked like, based on medieval portraits (an enterprise which I view as altogether quixotic), see this excellent website: Iconography of Ptolemy's Portrait The Text: This is another useful text that didn't seem to be on the Web when I started getting interested in it. Details will follow, but for now the bare essentials: this is, as occasionally modified by me, a transcript of a Dover edition, first published in 1991, itself an unabridged republication of a public domain work, originally published in 1932 by The New York Public Library, N.Y. in an edition limited to 250 copies, with the title Geography of Claudius Ptolemy Apparently I'm not alone in my disappointment. Aubrey Diller, in "Review of 'Geography of Claudius Ptolemy', translated into English and edited by Edward Luther Stevenson (1932),"

60. Famous Astronomers Features profiles of various astronomers of fame, from Galileo to ptolemy. http://library.thinkquest.org/23830/astronomers.htm

Famous Astronomers We have included some profiles of famous astronomers in this library of astronomical information. Perhaps your name will be listed among these well-known people one day... To see the profile for a specific astronomer, please click on its respective graphical link below. To return to the main information page, click here Click here to go back. Created by ThinkQuest Team 23830 Last Updated August 28, 1998. All images, unless otherwise credited, are credit of M. Mathis, 1998.

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