21. The Scientists Nicolas Copernicus. Claudius ptolemy, an Egyptian living in Alexandria, at about 150 A.D., gathered and organized the thoughts of the earlier thinkers. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

22. Ptolemy Consulting Group Consulting firm helping small to medium sized companies maximize the return from their investment in office technology. http://www.ptolemyconsulting.com/

23. *** The House Of Ptolemy Index Page *** ptolemy II, ptolemy III, ptolemy IV, ptolemy V, ptolemy VI, ptolemy VII, ptolemy VIII, ptolemy IX, ptolemy X, ptolemy XI, ptolemy XII, http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

24. *** The House Of Ptolemy: Ptolemaic And Roman Egyptian Numismatics *** An aid in the study of the numismatics of the Ptolemaic (Macedonianbased Greek),Roman Imperial (Greco-Roman), and Byzantine rulers of Egypt based in http://www.houseofptolemy.org/housenum.htm

The House of Ptolemy: Ptolemaic and Roman Egyptian Numismatics [ Ptolemaic Numismatics ] [Bibliographic Notes: Ptolemaic Numismatics ] [ Roman Imperial (Greco-Roman) Numismatics ] [Bibliographic Notes: Roman Egypt Numismatics ] ... [ Comments ] Ptolemaic Numismatics: General/Miscellaneous Ptolemy I Ptolemy II Ptolemy III ... Juba II/Cleopatra Selene General/Miscellaneous - Coins of Ancient Egypt in the WildWinds DataBank A "wrapper" Egypt page with links to the various Ptolemies' individual pages so you can add just this one link if you prefer that to the several links by ruler (see individual ruler entries for direct access by ruler). The WildWinds website has been created as a reference, attribution and valuation resource in the field of ancient numismatics. The data presented were, for the most part, gleaned from closed online auctions, so one can see for each coin the original auction description, the auction's closing date and time, and the closing price. Since these sources for the information vary from the very experienced dealer to the beginner selling something for the first time, there is no guarantee that any given attribution or description presented here is entirely accurate. Furthermore, the closing prices for all auctions vary greatly, so any valuation you determine here should not be taken as a definitive answer All of the pictures and descriptions here remain the property of the original sellers. You must obtain permission to re-use them in any form.

25. CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Ptolemy The Gnostic (Catholic Encyclopedia) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12553c.htm

Home Encyclopedia Summa Fathers ... P > Ptolemy the Gnostic A B C D ... Z Ptolemy the Gnostic A heretic of the second century and personal disciple of Valentinus. He was probably still living about 180. No other certain details are known of his life; Harnack's suggestion that he was identical with the Ptolemy spoken of by St. Justin Valentinian Gnosticism . His works have reached us in an incomplete form as follows: (2) a letter to Flora, a Christian lady, not otherwise known to us. Supreme God , nor to the devil ; nor does it proceed from one law-giver. A part of it is the work of an inferior god; the second part is due to Moses, and the third to the elders of the Jewish people. Three different sections are to be distinguished even in the part ascribed to the inferior god: (1) The absolutely pure legislation of the Decalogue which was not destroyed, but fulfilled by the Saviour; (2) the laws mixed with evil, like the right of retaliation, which were abolished by the Saviour because they were incompatible with His nature; (3) the section which is typical and symbolical of the higher world.

26. NOVA Online Treasures Of The Sunken City NOVA Online presents Treasures of the Sunken City; http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

27. Ptolemy, The Man ptolemy synthesized and extended Hipparchus s system of epicycles and ptolemy s system involved at least 80 epicycles to explain the motions of the Sun, http://obs.nineplanets.org/psc/theman.html

Ptolemy (aka Claudius Ptolemaeus, Ptolomaeus, Klaudios Ptolemaios, Ptolemeus) lived in Alexandria (in Egypt) from approx. 87 -150 AD. Very little is known about his personal life (the image above is probably purely the artist's imagination) He was an astronomer, mathematician and geographer. He codified the Greek geocentric view of the universe, and rationalized the apparent motions of the planets as they were known in his time. Ptolemy synthesized and extended Hipparchus's system of epicycles and eccentric circles to explain his geocentric theory of the solar system. Ptolemy's system involved at least 80 epicycles to explain the motions of the Sun, the Moon, and the five planets known in his time. He believed the planets and sun to orbit the Earth in the order Mercury, Venus, Sun, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn . This system became known as the Ptolemaic system. It predicts the positions of the planets accurately enough for naked-eye observations This is described in the book Mathematical Syntaxis (widely called the Almagest ), a thirteen book mathematical treatment of the phenomena of astronomy. It contains a myriad of information ranging from earth conceptions to sun, moon, and star movement as well as eclipses and a breakdown on the length of months. The Almagest also included a star catalog containing 48 constellations, using the names we still use today.

28. Egypt Rulers, Kings And Pharaohs Of Ancient Egypt Cleopatra VII Egypt Rulers, Kings and Pharaohs of Ancient Egypt including all dynasties through the Greek Roman period Cleopatra VII ptolemy XIII http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

29. Ptolemy's Supper Club ptolemy in the Sky. ptolemy s Cluster (aka M 7, NGC 6475); Asteroid (4001) Ptolemaeus;Lunar crater Ptolemaeus images from Robin Casady, Apollo 12, http://obs.nineplanets.org/psc/psc.html

Ptolemy's Supper Club "I know that I am mortal and the creature of a day; but when I search out the massed wheeling circles of the stars, my feet no longer touch the earth, but, side by side with Zeus himself, I take my fill of ambrosia, the food of the gods." Claudius Ptolemaeus The Club What is the PSC Charter Who is Ptolemy? Why did we name our club for Ptolemy? links to other clubs Observing Observing Reports (lots of good stuff here!) Basic Ephemerides etc Bay Area Weather (by Mark Taylor) Star party etiquette Bay Area Observing Sites , rated by several factors (by Akkana Peck) Directions to SJAA and TAC observing sites; latitude/longitude of these sites Lunar Info for the amateur astronomer Lunar Ray Predictions Ptolemy in the Sky Ptolemy's Cluster (aka M 7, NGC 6475) Asteroid (4001) Ptolemaeus Lunar crater Ptolemaeus: images from Robin Casady Apollo 12 Apollo 16 Richard Evans ... LunaScan Martian crater Ptolemaeus: image from Viking orbiter Miscellanea Other interesting astronomical quotations A bit of telescope history , by Paul Rybski A Model Solar System by Ronald Shattuck Reflections on a Mote of Dust , in memory of Carl Sagan Eugene M. Shoemaker: A Timeless Tribute

30. Ancient History Sourcebook Athanaeus The Great Spectacle And Ancient History Sourcebook Athanaeus (fl. c. 200 CE) The Great Spectacle and Procession of ptolemy II Philadelphus, 285 BCE http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

31. Ptolemy's Geography ptolemy s Geography. The Science of the Earth s Surface. ptolemy, who gave Greekastronomy its final form in the second century AD, did the sameand http://www.ibiblio.org/expo/vatican.exhibit/exhibit/d-mathematics/Ptolemy_geo.ht

Ptolemy's Geography The Science of the Earth's Surface Ptolemy, who gave Greek astronomy its final form in the second century A.D., did the sameand morefor geography and cartography. His massive work on the subject, which summed up and criticized the work of earlier writers, offered instruction in laying out maps by three different methods of projection, provided coordinates for some eight thousand places, and treated such basic concepts as geographical latitude and longitude. In Byzantium, in the thirteenth century, Ptolemic maps were reconstructed and attached to Greek manuscripts of the text. And in the fifteenth century, a Latin translation of this text, with maps, proved a sensation in the world of the book. A best seller both in the age of luxurious manuscripts and in that of print, Ptolemy's "Geography" became immensely influential. Columbus one of its many readersfound inspiration in Ptolemy's exaggerated value for the size of Asia for his own fateful journey to the west. Ptolemy, Handy Tables In Greek, Ninth century

32. Greek Astronomy It gave Europeans the first sophisticated understanding of ptolemy s astronomy, Shown here is the additional map of Europe which reveals ptolemy s http://www.ibiblio.org/expo/vatican.exhibit/exhibit/d-mathematics/Greek_astro.ht

Greek Astronomy The Revival of an Ancient Science One of the most powerful creations of Greek science was the mathematical astronomy created by Hipparchus in the second century B.C. and given final form by Ptolemy in the second century A.D. Ptolemy's work was known in the Middle Ages through imperfect Latin versions. In fifteenth-century Italy, however, it was brought back to life. George Trebizond, a Cretan emigre in the curia, produced a new translation and commentary. These proved imperfect and aroused much heated criticism. But a German astronomer, Johannes Regiomontanus, a protege of the brilliant Greek churchman Cardinal Bessarion, came to Italy with his patron, learned Greek, and produced a full-scale "Epitome" of Ptolemy's work from which most astronomers learned their art for the next century and more. Copernicus was only one of the celebrities of the Scientific Revolution whose work rested in large part on the study of ancient science carried out in fifteenth-century Italy. Byzantine Astronomical Collection In Greek, Before 1308

33. Project Akaroa Akaroa is a package for supporting the Multiple Replications In Parallel (MRIP) simulation technique to harness the computing power of a network of inexpensive workstations. Integration exists with the ptolemy Classic, ns2 and OMNeT++ simulators. http://www.cosc.canterbury.ac.nz/research/RG/net_sim/simulation_group/akaroa/

Computer Science Akaroa, the Software Akaroa, the Place

34. CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Lyrba A titular see of Pamphylia Prima, known by its coins and the mention made of it by Dionysius, Perieg. 858, ptolemy, V, 5, S, and Hierocles. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09478a.htm

Home Encyclopedia Summa Fathers ... L > Lyrba A B C D ... Z Lyrba A titular see of Pamphylia Prima, known by its coins and the mention made of it by Dionysius, Perieg. 858, Ptolemy, V, 5, S, and Hierocles. Its exact situation is not known, nor its history; it may be the modern small town of Seidi Shehir, in the vilayet of Konia. The "Notitiae episcopatuum" mentions Lyrba as an episcopal see, suffragan of Side up to the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Two of its bishops are known: Caius, who attend the Council of Constantinople, 381, and Taurianus at Ephesus, 431 (Le Quien, "Oriens christianus", I, 1009); Zeuxius was not Bishop of Lyrba, as Le Quien states, but of Syedra. The ruins are south-east of Kiesme, vilayet of Koniah; there have been found some inscriptions, tombs, and the remains of a Byzantine church. RADET in Revue des etudes anciennes, XII (Bordeaux, 1910), 365-72. Transcribed by Thomas M. Barrett Dedicated to the Christians of Pamphylia Prima The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume IX Nihil Obstat, October 1, 1910. Remy Lafort, Censor

35. Biography Of Ptolemy - Journey To The Center Of The Universe - Ptolemy ptolemy (aka Claudius Ptolemaeus, Ptolomaeus, Klaudios Ptolemaios, Ptolemeus)lived in Alexandria, Egypt. We know very little of ptolemy s life, http://space.about.com/cs/astronomerbios/a/ptolemybio.htm

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36. The Universe Of Aristotle And Ptolemy The Universe of Aristotle and ptolemy These ideas concerning uniform circularmotion and epicycles were catalogued by ptolemy in 150 AD His book was http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr161/lect/retrograde/aristotle.html

The Universe of Aristotle and Ptolemy The celestial sphere that we introduced previously is a convenient fiction to locate objects in the sky. However, the Greek philosopher Aristotle (many of Aristotles works are available at the Internet Classics Archive ) proposed that the heavens were literally composed of 55 concentric, crystalline spheres to which the celestial objects were attached and which rotated at different velocities (but the angular velocity was constant for a given sphere), with the Earth at the center. The following figure illustrates the ordering of the spheres to which the Sun, Moon, and visible planets were attached. (The diagram is not to scale, and the planets are aligned for convenience in illustration; generally they were distributed around the spheres.) There were additional "buffering" spheres that lay between the spheres illustrated. The sphere of the stars lay beyond the ones shown here for the planets; finally, in the Aristotelian conception there was an outermost sphere that was the domain of the "Prime Mover". The Prime Mover caused the outermost sphere to rotate at constant angular velocity, and this motion was imparted from sphere to sphere, thus causing the whole thing to rotate. By adjusting the velocities of these concentric spheres, many features of planetary motion could be explained. However, the troubling observations of varying planetary brightness and retrograde motion could not be accommodated: the spheres moved with constant angular velocity, and the objects attached to them were always the same distance from the earth because they moved on spheres with the earth at the center.

37. Did Buddhism Influence Early Christianity? Essay on the possibility that Jesus was taught Buddhism by the Therapeutae, a community of Buddhist teachers that had been sent by the Indian emperor Ashoka on an embassy to ptolemy II, king of Egypt, in 250 CE. http://www.omhros.gr/kat/history/Txt/Rl/BuddChrist.htm

Did Buddhism influence early Christianity? The Times of India Title: Did Buddhism influence early Christianity? Author: N. S. Chandramouli Publication: The Times of India Date : May 1, 1997 Long before the word 'missionary' came to be synonymous with Christianity, Buddhist monks were travelling across Asia, spreading their master's teachings along the Silk Route from Khotan in the east to Antioch in the west. Indeed, many scholars hold that the religious traditions of the Silk Route regions, including the Levant, were significantly influenced by the Buddha's philosophy of compassion, his vision of Dhamma, the eternal law that sustains the cosmos and manifests itself among humans as the moral law. Against this historical backdrop. some scholars have posed an interesting question: Were the teachings of Jesus the Nazarene a continuation, in Palestine, of the philosophy that Siddhartha Gautama had taught beside the Ganga 500 years earlier? In their book The Original Jesus (Element Books, Shaftesbury, 1995), Elmar R Gruber, an eminent psychologist, and Holger Kersten, a specialist in religious history and author of the best-selling Jesus Lived in India, offer compelling evidence of extensive Buddhist influence on the life and teachings of Jesus. Arguing that 2,000 years of Church history have hidden the real historical Jesus, the authors promise to peel away the varnish and uncover him. Very little is known about Jesus' early years -in those years, Gruber and Kersten claim, Jesus was brought up by the

38. Ptolemy Project Home Welcome to the ptolemy Project. There has been considerable attention to ptolemy is a partnership involving the University http://www.ptolemy.ca/

The Ptolemy Project Office of International Surgery University of Toronto ABOUT PTOLEMY PTOLEMY LIBRARY COSECSA ASEA ... OIS Welcome to the Ptolemy Project There has been considerable attention to providing electronic health information in the developing world, but, until now, very little empirical evidence exists about how it is accessed and utilized. Research capacity is lacking in East Africa where 400 surgeons care for more than 200 million people. Isolation, burden of practice, and resource limitations make surgical education and research difficult in Africa. Electronic access to health information reduces these obstacles and the rapid spread of internet access in the African medical community makes it an increasingly attractive means to disseminate information and promote co-operation.

39. The Famine Stele On The Island Of Sehel The legend, and translation of the text on, the Famine Stele located on Sehel, a small island in the Nile River near Aswan, attributed to ptolemy V. http://www.terraflex.co.il/ad/egypt/famine_stele.htm

Ancient Egyptian texts: The Famine Stele on Sehel Printout For best results save the whole webpage (pictures included) onto your hard disk, open the page with Word 97 or higher, edit if necessary and print. Printing using the browser's print function is not recommended. The Famine Stele on Sehel attributed to Ptolemy V Picture Source: http://www.geopolymere.com/archaeo1c.html The Famine Stele on the Island of Sehel Ptolemaic Period The Legend During the reign of Djoser (3rd dynasty) a terrible drought lasted for seven years. I was in mourning on my throne, Those of the palace were in grief .because Hapy had failed to come in time. In a period of seven years, Grain was scant, Kernels were dried up Every man robbed his twin Children cried The hearts of the old were needy Temples were shut, Shrines covered with dust, Everyone was in distress .I consulted one of the staff of the Ibis, the Chief lector-priest of Imhotep, son of Ptah South-of-the-Wall .He departed, he returned to me quickly, He let me know the flow of Hapy Translation by Lichtheim Imhotep, a high official and Renaissance man, revealed to the king that the Nile had its origins in a land consecrated to

40. Ptolemy http://ptolemy.berkeley.edu/

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