21. P posidonius of rhodes, X. Posit, X. Positional, X. Positionality, X. Positive Theology,X. Positivism, X X X. Possibility, X http://www.ditext.com/encyc/p.html

Main Entry R I S M B C N pacifism X X Paganism X Pai chia X Pain X Paine, Thomas X X Painting X Paley, William X X X Palingenesis X Panaetius X Pan-entheism X Panlogism X Pan-objectivism X Panpneumatism X Panpsychism X X X X Pan-Satanism X Pantheism X X X X ... X Pantheism, medieval X Pantheistic Personalism X Paracelsus, Theophrastus Bombast X X Paraclete X paradigm X Paradigma X paradox X paradox, liar X paradox, St. Petersburg X Paradoxes, logical X parallel distributed X Parallelism X X X Parallelism, psychophysical X Paralogism X Paramanu X Paramarthika X Parapsychology X Parcaratra X parenthood and procreation X Pareto, Vilfredo X Parinama-vada X Parmenides X X X paronymous X Parousia X Parsimony, Law of X X Particular X Particular proposition X X Particulate X Parva Naturalia X Pascal, Blaise X X X Pascal's wager X passions X Passive Empiricism X Past X Past-Time X Patanjali X paternalism X patriarchy X Patripassianism X Patristic Philosophy X Patrizi, Francesco X Patterns of learning X Paul of Venice X Peano, Giuseppe X X Peirce, Benjamin X Peirce, Charles Sanders X X X X Peirce's law X Pelagianism X X Pelagius X Penbygull, William

22. Rome: Total War Ancillaries List/FAQ - IGN FAQs {posidonius_of_rhodes} posidonius of rhodes {posidonius_of_rhodes_desc} GiftedPolitician, Stoic, Geographer, Astronomer and Geologist. http://faqs.ign.com/articles/565/565518p1.html

Rome: Total War Ancillaries List/FAQ Boards Guide FAQs Cheats Proudly hosted by IGN FAQs Direct-link it! isWatched = checkWatch(498739); document.write(''); Get Email Alerts isWishlist = checkWishlist(498739); document.write(''); Add to Wishlist isCollection = checkCollection(498739); document.write(''); Add to Collection isPlaying = checkPlaying(498739); document.write(''); Playing Now Submitted by Domins Latronis (rogerg) - Created 11/11/04 See All Rome: Total War Walkthroughs and FAQs

23. Chapter I Roman Britain posidonius of rhodes, the tutor of Cicero, visited Britain about 100 BC, andwrote a History of his travels in fifty volumes, only known to us by extracts http://ancienthistory.about.com/library/bl/bl_text_rombrit_ch1.htm

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Homework Help Ancient / Classical History Homework Help ... Help zau(256,140,140,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/C.htm','');w(xb+xb+' ');zau(256,140,140,'von','http://z.about.com/0/ip/496/6.htm','');w(xb+xb); FREE Newsletter Sign Up Now for the Ancient / Classical History newsletter! See Online Courses Search Ancient / Classical History Roman Britain, by Edward Conybeare (1903) Chapter II Roman Britain - The Julian Invasion CHAPTER I CONTENTS PRE-ROMAN BRITAIN Palaeolithic Age Extinct fauna River-bed men Flint implements Burnt stones Worked bones Glacial climate Neolithic Age "Ugrians" Polished flints Jadite Gold ornaments Cromlechs Forts Bronze Age Copper and tin Stonehenge Pytheas trustworthy His notes on Britain Agricultural tribes Barns Manures Dene Holes Mead Beer Parched corn Pottery Mill-stones Villages Cattle Pastoral tribes Savage tribes Cannibalism Polyandry Beasts of chase Forest trees British clothing and arms Sussex iron Celtic types "Roy" and "Dhu" Gael Silurians Loegrians Basque peoples Shifting of clans Constitutional disturbances Monarchy Oligarchy Demagogues First inscribed coins Clans at Julian invasion Permanent natural boundaries Population Celtic settlements "Duns" Maiden Castle Religious state of Britain Illustrated by Hindooism Totemists Polytheists Druids Bards Seers Druidic Deities Mistletoe Sacred herbs "Ovum Anguinum" Suppression of Druidism Druidism and Christianity

24. Seneca@Everything2.com posidonius of rhodes (ca. 135 BC) and Panaetius of Rome (the Middle Stoics) madeup the principal exposure which Seneca received, along with Epicurus http://everything2.com/index.pl?node=Seneca

25. Title Translate this page posidonius of rhodes chance 80%(Influence+1/Management+1/Mining+20) BC270-BC230strato chance 80%(Command+1/Management+1/MovementPoints+2) BC140-BC133 http://game.163.com/game2002/editor/041029/041029/041029_284324.html

26. Title Translate this page posidonius of rhodes chance 80%(Influence+1/Management+1/Mining+20). BC270-BC230strato chance 80%(Command+1/Management+1/MovementPoints+2). BC140-BC133 http://wlyx.bxdata.com/erji/yxgl/luoma3.htm

27. Roman Timeline (ANY WAR IN THIS TIMELINE IN ITALY IS OFTEN WITH A BC Birth of the historian posidonius of rhodes. 134 BC - The consuls are G.Fulvius Flaccus and P. Cornelius Scipio Africanus Aemilianus (second time). http://www.novaroma.org/camenaeum/RomanTimeline.txt

28. Search Results For Entire - Encyclopædia Britannica posidonius of rhodes Biographical sketch of this Greek philosopher, consideredthe most learned man of his time and, possibly, of the entire Stoic school. http://www.britannica.com/search?query=entire&ct=&fuzzy=N

29. «»?- ChinaE3.com Translate this page scipiipolybius of megalopolis chance 80%(Influence+1/Management+1). BC115-BC51posidonius of rhodes chance 80%(Influence+1/Management+1/Mining+20) http://www.chinae3.com/article/2004-10-18/2004-10-18_2050.html

30. Full Alphabetical Index Translate this page posidonius of rhodes (908) Post, Emil (587) Potapov, Vladimir (577*) Poussin, Cde la Vallée (382*) Pratt, John (331) Pringsheim, Alfred (69*) http://www.maththinking.com/boat/mathematicians.html

Full Alphabetical Index Click below to go to one of the separate alphabetical indexes A B C D ... XYZ The number of words in the biography is given in brackets. A * indicates that there is a portrait. A Abbe , Ernst (602*) Abel , Niels Henrik (2899*) Abraham bar Hiyya (641) Abraham, Max Abu Kamil Shuja (1012) Abu Jafar Abu'l-Wafa al-Buzjani (1115) Ackermann , Wilhelm (205) Adams, John Couch Adams, J Frank Adelard of Bath (1008) Adler , August (114) Adrain , Robert (79*) Adrianus , Romanus (419) Aepinus , Franz (124) Agnesi , Maria (2018*) Ahlfors , Lars (725*) Ahmed ibn Yusuf (660) Ahmes Aida Yasuaki (696) Aiken , Howard (665*) Airy , George (313*) Aitken , Alec (825*) Ajima , Naonobu (144) Akhiezer , Naum Il'ich (248*) al-Baghdadi , Abu (947) al-Banna , al-Marrakushi (861) al-Battani , Abu Allah (1333*) al-Biruni , Abu Arrayhan (3002*) al-Farisi , Kamal (1102) al-Haitam , Abu Ali (2490*) al-Hasib Abu Kamil (1012) al-Haytham , Abu Ali (2490*) al-Jawhari , al-Abbas (627) al-Jayyani , Abu (892) al-Karaji , Abu (1789) al-Karkhi al-Kashi , Ghiyath (1725*) al-Khazin , Abu (1148) al-Khalili , Shams (677) al-Khayyami , Omar (2140*) al-Khwarizmi , Abu (2847*) al-Khujandi , Abu (713) al-Kindi , Abu (1151) al-Kuhi , Abu (1146) al-Maghribi , Muhyi (602) al-Mahani , Abu (507) al-Marrakushi , ibn al-Banna (861) al-Nasawi , Abu (681) al-Nayrizi , Abu'l (621) al-Qalasadi , Abu'l (1247) al-Quhi , Abu (1146) al-Samarqandi , Shams (202) al-Samawal , Ibn (1569) al-Sijzi , Abu (708) al-Tusi , Nasir (1912) al-Tusi , Sharaf (1138) al-Umawi , Abu (1014) al-Uqlidisi , Abu'l (1028) Albanese , Giacomo (282) Albategnius (al-Battani) (1333*)

31. La Science Et La Religion, Les Miracles Du Coran Translate this page posidonius of rhodes Born 135 BC in Apameia, Syria Died 51 BC in Rhodes Heronof Alexandria Born about 10 in (possibly) Alexandria, Egypt Died about 75 http://www.algerie-dz.com/forums/archive/index.php/t-3845.html

Forum ALGERIE Débats et Réflexions Islam et Humanité PDA Voir la version complète : La Science Et La Religion, Les Miracles Du Coran Il y a quatorze siècles, Dieu a fait descendre le Coran sur l'humanité pour la guider. Il appela les hommes à se diriger vers la vérité en adhérant à ce livre. Depuis le jour de sa révélation jusqu'au Jour de la Résurrection, cet ultime livre divin demeurera le seul guide de l'humanité. Le style incomparable du Coran et la sagesse supérieure qu'il renferme sont des preuves irréfutables qu'il s'agit de la parole de Dieu. Mais le Coran possède aussi de nombreux attributs miraculeux prouvant qu'il est une révélation divine: un certain nombre de vérités scientifiques, que seule la technologie du 20ème siècle nous a permis de découvrir, étaient déjà affirmées dans le Coran voici 1400 ans. Le Coran n'est, bien entendu, pas un ouvrage scientifique. Cependant, de nombreux faits scientifiques, exprimés dans ses versets d'une manière extrêmement concise et profonde, n'ont été découverts qu'au moyen de la technologie du 20ème siècle. On ne pouvait détenir ce savoir à l'époque de la révélation du Coran, et c'est là une preuve supplémentaire que le Coran est la parole de Dieu. Afin de comprendre le miracle scientifique du Coran, nous devons d'abord voir quel était le niveau de la science à l'époque où ce livre sacré a été révélé.

32. Posidonius - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia In rhodes, posidonius actively took part in political life, Other Romans whovisited posidonius in rhodes were Velleius, Cotta, and Lucilius. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posidonius

Wikimedia needs your help in the final days of its fund drive. See our fundraising page The Red Cross and other charities also need your help. Posidonius From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The bust of Posidonius as an older man depects his character as a Stoic philosopher. His brow is slightly creased to indicate the effort of thinking, but his expression is calm. His hair and philosopher’s beard are cut short and groomed plainly to indicate his concern with matters deeper than mere appearance. Posidonius Greek : Ποσειδώνιος) "of Rhodes " (ο Ροδος) or, alternatively, "of Apameia" (ο Απαμεύς) (ca. 135 BCE 51 BCE ), was a Greek Stoic philosopher , politician, astronomer geographer historian , and teacher. He was acclaimed as the greatest polymath of his age. Contents Life Political Offices Travels School ... edit Life Posidonius (also spelled Poseidonius), nicknamed "the Athlete", was born to a Greek family in Apamea , a Roman city on the river Orontes in northern Syria , and probably died in Rome or Rhodes Posidonius completed his higher education in Athens , where he was a student of the aged Panaetius , the head of the Stoic school.

33. Earth Circumference Measurement By Posidonius posidonius was a student of Panaetius of rhodes. He was a stoic with manyinfluential friends. His pupils were Cicero and Pompey. http://www.mlahanas.de/Greeks/Distances.htm

Earth Circumference Measurement by Posidonius Michael Lahanas Griechische Astronomie: Die Messung des Erdumfangs nach Posidonius Eratosthenes determined the circumference of the Earth around 205 BC to be 250000 or 252000 stades according to various sources. He noted that, on the summer solstice, the sun casts no shadow in Syene but he knew that it casts a shadow in Alexandria, north of Syene, corresponding to an angle o 12' (or approximate 7.2 o ). In other words he determined that the distance between Alexandria and Syene was one-fiftieth of the Earth's circumference. Since he knew that the two cities were about 800 km apart, he concluded that the the Earth must be 50 * 800 km in circumference, or 40000 km ( See details ). A century later Posidonius used another method to estimate the circumference of the Earth. Posidonius of Apamea, c. 135-51 BC, was a Greek philosopher (Stoic), astronomer, geographer and meteorologist. Nicknamed "the Athlete", he was born in Apamea, northern Syria, and probably died in Rome. Posidonius was a student of Panaetius of Rhodes. He was a stoic with many influential friends. His pupils were Cicero and Pompey. As a geographer he traveled to North Africa, Britain, France, Germany, Italy and Spain. As Pytheas he believed the tide is caused by the Moon. In about 90 BC he estimated the astronomical unit a0 to be a0/rE = 9893 earth radii (rE), less than one half of the true distance. He measured the size of the Sun, which was greater and more accurate than one proposed by other Greek astronomers and Aristarchus. He measured the circumference of the Earth from the position of the star Canopus. Posidonius obtained a value of 240000 stadia. His method is based on observations of the star Canopus at

34. Posidonius -- Facts, Info, And Encyclopedia Article In rhodes, posidonius actively took part in political life, and his high standing is Other Romans who visited posidonius in rhodes were Velleius, Cotta, http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/encyclopedia/p/po/posidonius.htm

Posidonius [Categories: Stoic philosophers, Ancient Greek historians, Greek and Roman astronomers] Posidonius (A native or inhabitant of Greece) Greek (A Greek island in the southeast Aegean Sea 10 miles off the Turkish coast; the largest of the Dodecanese; it was colonized before 1000 BC by Dorians from Argos) Rhodes (Click link for more info and facts about 135 BCE) 135 BCE (Click link for more info and facts about 51 BCE) 51 BCE ), was a (A native or inhabitant of Greece) Greek (Someone who is seemingly indifferent to emotions) Stoic (A specialist in philosophy) philosopher , politician, (A physicist who studies astronomy) astronomer (An expert on geography) geographer (A person who is an authority on history and who studies it and writes about it) historian , and teacher. He was acclaimed as the greatest (A person of great and varied learning) polymath of his age. Next to his teacher (Click link for more info and facts about Panaetius) Panaetius of Rhodes, he did most, by writings and personal contacts, to spread Stoicism in the Roman world. Life Posidonius (also spelled Poseidonius), nicknamed "the Athlete", was born to a Greek family in Apamea, a Roman city on the river

35. History Of Geodesy -- Facts, Info, And Encyclopedia Article in most parts of Greece but that it just grazed the horizon at rhodes.posidonius measured the elevation of the same star at Alexandria and determined http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/encyclopedia/h/hi/history_of_geodesy.htm

History of Geodesy [Categories: Geodesy] See also the main article on (The branch of geology that studies the shape of the earth and the determination of the exact position of geographical points) Geodesy Man has been concerned about the earth on which he lives for many centuries. During very early times this concern was limited, naturally, to the immediate vicinity of his home; later it expanded to the distance of markets or exchange places; and finally, with the development of means of transportation man became interested in his whole world. Much of this early "world interest" was evidenced by speculation concerning the size, shape, and composition of the earth. Early Concepts of the figure of the Earth Primitive ideas about the figure of the Earth, still found in young children, hold the Earth to be flat, and the heavens a physical dome spanning over it. Lunar eclipses, e.g., always have a circular edge of appox. three times the radius of the lunar disc; as these always happen when the Earth is between Sun and Moon, it suggests that the object casting the shadow is the Earth and must be spherical (and four times the size of the Moon, the lunar and solar

36. ATHENODORUS - LoveToKnow Article On ATHENODORUS He taught the young Octavian (afterwards so igustus) at Apollonia, and was apupil of posidonius at rhodes. H; ibsequently he appears to have travelled in http://23.1911encyclopedia.org/A/AT/ATHENODORUS.htm

ATHENODORUS ts washed in the river Inachus, a symbol of her puritfcation ti: From Greece the worship of Athena extended to Magna hi raecia, where a number of temples were erected to her in various f aces. In Italy proper she was identified with Minerva (q.v.). L See articles in Pauly-Wissowas Realencyclopadie; W. H. Roschers xikon der Mylholog-ie; Daremberg and Saglios Dictionnasre des ~ iliguils (s.v. Minerva ); L. Preller, Griechische Mi~thologie; I .H. Roscher, Die Grundbedeutung der Athene, in Nek/ar und mbrosia (1883); F. A. Voigt, Beitrage zur Mythologie des Ares ti id Athena, in Leipziger Studien, iv. (1881); L. R. Farnell, The P dis of the Greek States, i. (1896); J. E. Harrison, Prolegomena to p e Study of Greek Religion (1903), for the festivals especially; s~ Gruppe, Griechische Mythologie, ii. (1907). In the article GREEK RT, fig. 21 represents Athena in the act of striking a prostrate ant; fig. 38 a statuette of Athena Parthenos, a replica of the work ~ Pheidias. , (J. H. F.) ~ ATHENAEUM, a name originally applied in ancient Greece d A~O*vauw) to buildings dedicated to Athena, and specially used b the designation of a temple in Athens, where poets and men of c arning were accustomed to meet and read their productions. ~ he academy for the promotion of learning which the emperor n adrian built (about A.D. 135) at Rome, near the Forum, was also if died the Athenaeum. Poets and orators still met and discussed o~

37. Slde #114 Monograph It was also at rhodes that he constructed a planetarium in the style of Archimedes, According to Strabo s Geography (Slide 115) posidonius criticized http://www.henry-davis.com/MAPS/Ancient Web Pages/114mono.html

Slide #114 TITLE: Posidonius' World Map DATE: 150-130 B.C. AUTHOR: Posidonius (Petrus Bertius) DESCRIPTION: This slide shows a 1630 reconstruction by Petrus Bertius (Pieter Bert) of the world view of the Greek philosopher Posidonius who proposed that the earth was sling-shaped, broad in the middle, with tapered ends and an estimated circumference that was three-quarters of its true size, resulting in an oikumene [inhabited world] that stretched half way around a globe. The Bertius reconstruction, published in his Ancient Geography (Paris, 1630), represents a literal interpretation of Posidonius' "sling", complete with looped handles. The better-known contemporary of Theodosius, Posidonius(ca. 135-51/50 B.C.),is generally associated with his measurement of the circumference of the earth. By some scholars, who view the history of mapping as mainly concerned with the diagnosis of increasing accuracy, this measurement has been "deemed disastrous in the history of geography." Depending on the value of the stade that is adopted, it may be true that Posidonius, seeking to improve on Eratosthenes, underestimated the size of the earth, and this measurement, copied by Ptolemy, was thereafter transmitted to Renaissance Europe. But Posidonius clearly did more than measure the earth: such was his reputation as an educator that Strabo described him as "one of the most learned philosophers in our time." He was born in Apamea in Syria; after traveling widely in the western Mediterranean countries and visiting Rome on several occasions, he established himself in Rhodes, where he opened a school. This was patronized by distinguished visitors, including Pompey, the Roman general and statesman, and Cicero, from whom some of our knowledge of Posidonius derives. It was also at Rhodes that he constructed a planetarium in the style of Archimedes, intended for teaching students the laws of the cosmos. Cicero describes "the orrery recently constructed by our friend Posidonius, which at each revolution reproduces the same motions of the sun, the moon and the five planets that take place in the heavens every twenty-four hours."

38. Theosophy Library Online - Great Teacher Series - POSIDONIUS OF APAMEA Panaetius of rhodes, a wealthy man who had studied at the grand library at Pergamumunder its Born around 135 BC, posidonius reached manhood in Apamea, http://theosophy.org/tlodocs/teachers/PosidoniusOfApamea.htm

POSIDONIUS OF APAMEA There are never any occasions when you need think yourself safe because you wield the weapons of Fortune: fight with your own. Fortune does not furnish arms against herself and so men equipped against their foes are unarmed against Fortune herself. Seneca, Epistle 113 POSIDONIUS After Socrates, Plato and Aristotle, Athens gradually ceased to be the philosophical centre of the Mediterranean world. Her importance as a city of learning remained for centuries, but the diffusion of culture, the rise of Alexandria and the growth of Roman power overshadowed the political and economic importance of the polis When the Athenians sent a deputation to Rome to seek relief from a fine imposed upon them, the Stoic Diogenes of Seleucia was a member, along with a Peripatetic and a Sceptic. Cato disliked all of them because their philosophical attitudes tended to diminish the importance of military virtue. Nonetheless, the seeds of Stoic thought were sown in Rome and found fertile ground there. Panaetius of Rhodes, a wealthy man who had studied at the grand library at Pergamum under its head, Crates the Stoic, became a student of Diogenes in Athens. Within a decade of the deputation, Panaetius journeyed to the political centre of the empire. He met and became fast friends with Scipio the Younger, and soon scholars and intellectuals formed a circle around them. Panaetius remained in Rome until the death of Scipio, then he returned to Athens and assumed leadership of the Stoic school.

39. TMTh:: POSIDONIUS OF SYRIA Stoic philosopher with Neoplatonist tendencies, posidonius was born in Apamea,in Syria. He studied in Athens, with Panaetius of rhodes, before settling in http://www.tmth.edu.gr/en/aet/7/82.html

Home Ancient Greek Scientists AGRICULTURALISTS ARCHITECTS ... PHYSICISTS ASTRONOMER, GEOGRAPHER, METEOROLOGIST POSIDONIUS OF SYRIA (fl. 135 - 51 BC) Life Stoic philosopher with Neoplatonist tendencies, Posidonius was born in Apamea, in Syria. He studied in Athens, with Panaetius of Rhodes, before settling in Rhodes where he founded a school. Among those he taught were Cicero (77 BC) and Pompey (66BC). The last years of his life were spent in Rome. An eclectic, widely read and systematic scholar, Posidonius has been compared by many historians to Democritus and Aristotle. He travelled extensively, and used his voyages to make a systematic study of the geography of numerous countries in both the East and the West. He travelled to North Africa, the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands, to the shores of the Atlantic, to Britain and Germany, to the lands bordering the Adriatic, to Sicily and Sardinia, and to France, particularly the area around Massalia. His influence on philosophical thinking remained very powerful until the Middle Ages. Posidonius is considered a true representative of the spirit of the Hellenistic period. He is cited by Strabo and Suidas. Work His work included: A compendium of geographical and anthropological information on many different countries.

40. TMTh:: MARINOS OF TYRE He agreed with posidonius that the parallel that ran through rhodes was 32400km (180000 stades), very close to the real value of approximately 32000 (4/5 http://www.tmth.edu.gr/en/aet/3/66.html

Home Ancient Greek Scientists AGRICULTURALISTS ARCHITECTS ... PHYSICISTS MATHEMATICIAN, GEOGRAPHER MARINOS OF TYRE (fl. 60 - 130 AD) Life Marinos was a native of Tyre, but spent most of his life in Rhodes. He was one of the first of the mathematical geographers, and is mentioned by Ptolemy in his "Guide to Geography" ("Marinos the most recent of us"). Although his work - which included a description of northern Europe - has most unfortunately been lost, it was praised by Ptolemy and cited by the Arab geographer al-Masoudi. Work Marinos drew a map using a cylindrical projection and "meridional parts" (linear length of one minute of longitude), which have an application in navigation. He was the first to use the "Meridian of the Isles of the Blest" (Canary Islands, at the western edge of the known world) as the starting-point for the measurement of longitude, and the parallel that passes through Gibraltar and Rhodes (36?) as the starting-point for the measurement of geographic latitude. The meridians and the parallels of latitude were thus presented as two sets of straight lines perpendicular to one another. This produced a system of co-ordinates that allowed every place on earth to be positioned accurately on the map, by its latitude and longitude. Marinos divided the globe into "time zones" (hourly equatorial intervals ), assembled data on the geography of different places, and drew a map that for the first time ever gave an accurate image of the known continents and countries. Marinos wrote a "Geography", and in 114 AD composed a "Corrected Geographical Tables", which Ptolemy used as a basis for his geographical work. He made a study of meteorology, and particularly of the winds. His work influenced cartographers until the end of the Renaissance period. He held to the geocentric system. He agreed with Posidonius that the parallel that ran through Rhodes was 32,400 km (180,000 stades), very close to the real value of approximately 32,000 (4/5 the length of the equator).

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