21. Seven Wonders Of The World --  Encyclopædia Britannica writer Antipater of Sidon and of a later but unknown observer of the 2ndcentury BC; who claimed to be the mathematician philon of byzantium. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9066945

Home Browse Newsletters Store ... Subscribe Already a member? Log in Content Related to this Topic This Article's Table of Contents Seven Wonders of the World Print this Table of Contents Shopping Price: USD $1495 Revised, updated, and still unrivaled. The Official Scrabble Players Dictionary (Hardcover) Price: USD $15.95 The Scrabble player's bible on sale! Save 30%. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary Price: USD $19.95 Save big on America's best-selling dictionary. Discounted 38%! More Britannica products Seven Wonders of the World  Encyclopædia Britannica Article Page 1 of 1 preeminent architectural and sculptural achievements of the ancient Mediterranean and Middle East, as listed by various observers. The best known are those of the 2nd-century- BC writer Antipater of Sidon and of a later but unknown observer of the 2nd century BC Seven Wonders of the World... (75 of 347 words) var mm = [["Jan.","January"],["Feb.","February"],["Mar.","March"],["Apr.","April"],["May","May"],["June","June"],["July","July"],["Aug.","August"],["Sept.","September"],["Oct.","October"],["Nov.","November"],["Dec.","December"]];

22. The Outlines Of An Emerging World --  Encyclopædia Britannica writer Antipater of Sidon and of a later but unknown observer of the 2ndcentury BC who claimed to be the mathematician philon of byzantium. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9111866

Home Browse Newsletters Store ... Subscribe Already a member? Log in This Article's Table of Contents The Outlines of an Emerging World Print this Table of Contents Shopping Price: USD $1495 Revised, updated, and still unrivaled. The Official Scrabble Players Dictionary (Hardcover) Price: USD $15.95 The Scrabble player's bible on sale! Save 30%. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary Price: USD $19.95 Save big on America's best-selling dictionary. Discounted 38%! More Britannica products The Outlines of an Emerging World  Encyclopædia Britannica Article Page 1 of 1 by Sir John Kenneth Galbraith The Outlines of an Emerging World... (75 of 3099 words) var mm = [["Jan.","January"],["Feb.","February"],["Mar.","March"],["Apr.","April"],["May","May"],["June","June"],["July","July"],["Aug.","August"],["Sept.","September"],["Oct.","October"],["Nov.","November"],["Dec.","December"]]; To cite this page: MLA style: "The Outlines of an Emerging World."

23. Wonders Never Cease Updating philon of byzantium s famous list. an updated version of the listcompiled by philon of byzantium in 200 BC The original Seven Wonders included http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200407/murphy

Home Current Issue Back Issues Premium Archive ... Subscriber Help Browse >> Foreign Affairs Subscribe to our free e-mail newsletters More The Atlantic Monthly. Contents Also by Cullen Murphy: "Feeling Entitled?" (March 2005) "People to People" (January/February 2005) Some say that liberals and conservatives need to build bridges of understanding. Drawbridges might be better. "Knock It Off" (December 2004) The art of the unreal. Innocent Bystander Wonders Never Cease Updating Philon of Byzantium's famous list by Cullen Murphy The Name of the Rose was the choice for 1980, Zane Grey's Riders of the Purple Sage for 1912.) Meanwhile, the editors of Time magazine decided that the New Year 2000 issue should bear a portrait of the Person of the Century, and in addition to selecting a winner (Albert Einstein, with runners-up Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Mohandas Gandhi) by means of internal discussion, they decided to poll the planet, encouraging people everywhere to submit nominations. Time 's Web site eventually logged about 4.5 million submissions, and although Einstein, Roosevelt, and Gandhi received substantial global support, the person who emerged at the top of the list (after Jesus was disqualified by the editors) was Elvis Presley. Now a Swiss filmmaker named Bernard Weber has launched an effort to survey humanity for its views on designating the New Seven Wonders of the World, an updated version of the list compiled by Philon of Byzantium in 200 B.C. The original Seven Wonders included four structures that many people today can name or recognize (the Pyramids of Egypt, the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, the Colossus of Rhodes, the Lighthouse of Alexandria) and three that never seem to stick in anyone's memory (the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, and the Statue of Zeus at Olympia). Weber, motivated by equal measures of idealism and a sense that the Ancient Wonders no longer fire the imagination, began soliciting Internet votes for a New Seven Wonders in June of 2000, and he will keep

24. The Atlantic Online | July/August 2004 | Table Of Contents Updating philon of byzantium s famous list by Cullen Murphy PERSONAL FILE OrganizeYour Life! The modern condition is to be overwhelmed by everything. http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200407

Home Current Issue Back Issues Premium Archive ... Subscriber Help Browse >> Foreign Affairs Subscribe to our free e-mail newsletters See the complete forum index Articles with headlines in gray are unavailable online. Letters to the Editor Lessons of Abu Ghraib One shocking thing about the photographs is that for some people they weren't shocking by Mark Bowden SECURITY Plan of Attack by Bruce Hoffman BRIEF LIVES The Pragmatist The UN's Lakhdar Brahimi understands that neither peace nor justice may be possible in Iraq by Laura Secor THE LIST Olympic Elite The world's most athletic nations by Nathan Littlefield AT LARGE I Agree With Me When was the last time a conservative talk show changed a mind? by P. J. O'Rourke THE ODDS Since his capture, last December, Saddam Hussein has been held by the U.S. military. He is no doubt wondering about his eventual fate, and so are others. by Marshall Poe A picture of life inside the Bush White House, as captured by former members of the Administration in recent books POST MORTEM Sell the Holbein, Keep the House

25. Meditation 238 - Updating The Seven Wonders Of The World In about 200 BC, philon of byzantium identified what he considered to be the seven Wonders Never Cease Updating philon of byzantium s famous list by http://www.apatheticagnostic.com/articles/meds/med12/med238.html

Home Site Contents Essays Meditations Menu Meditations Meditation 238 Wonders of the World To open a discussion on this article, please use the contact page to provide your comments. In about 200 BC, Philon of Byzantium identified what he considered to be the seven Wonders of the World: The Hanging Gardens of Babylon, the Colossus of Rhodes, the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, the Temple of Artemis, the Lighthouse of Alexandria, the Statue of Zeus, and the Great Pyramid at Giza, Egypt. And of these seven structures, only the Great Pyramid remains today Bernard Weber of Switzerland has launched a project to identify a new seven Wonders of the World, and, until November 2005 anyone can vote to select what belongs on the list. Just visit the web site to pick which seven of the 25 candidates you think belong on the list. But the same as Philon's original list, all 25 candidates for this new selection are structures; mostly buildings, some statues, a wall, and a bridge. Does something have to be "built" to qualify as a Wonder? In the July / August Atlantic

26. The Philon Line philon of byzantium (circa 100 AD) worked on trying to duplicate the cube (constructa cube with volume equal to twice the volume of a given cube) using http://cgm.cs.mcgill.ca/~godfried/research/philon.html

"Well begun is half done." - Aristotle This page is still under construction. Philon of Byzantium (circa 100 A.D.) worked on trying to duplicate the cube (construct a cube with volume equal to twice the volume of a given cube) using only a straight edge and compass. Since he could not find a direct solution he kept searching for problems that were equivalent in the sense that one could construct the solution to one problem from the solution to the other by means of the straight edge and compass. Constructing the Philon line (as it is now known) is one such equivalent problem that he discovered. He could not find a solution to the Philon line problem either. During the past 2000 years many of the giants of computing science, including Newton, tried to solve Philon's problem with straight edge and compass without success. It was only one hundred years ago, using algebra, that this was shown to be impossible. History and various solutions to the problem of doubling the cube. Research Interests Homepage

27. Research Interests Rhythm Segmentation. History of Computing. * The Collapsing Compass (Euclid ofAlexandria) * The Philon Line (philon of byzantium) http://cgm.cs.mcgill.ca/~godfried/research.html

"Everything should be made as simple as possible but not simpler." - Albert Einstein "Simplicity is embarrasing when you have to work for months to achieve it." - Kary Mullis Computational Geometry: Proofs and Refutations in Geometry Mobility of Objects in Space (Robotics, Linkages, Polymer Physics and Protein Folding) Visualization Avoiding Algorithm-Induced Degeneracies Quadrangulations in Mesh Generation Geometric Tomography ... Convexity Theory and Unimodality Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition: Document Analysis Detecting Structure in Dot Patterns Nearest Neighbor Classification (Prototype Selection in Instance-Based Learning) Shape Hulls Computational Music Theory: Rhythm and Melody Mathematics and Flamenco (matematicas y flamenco) String Similarity Measures Rhythm Generation The Complexity of Rhythm Rhythm Segmentation History of Computing: The Collapsing Compass (Euclid of Alexandria) The Philon Line (Philon of Byzantium) Homepage

28. PSIgate - Physical Sciences Information Gateway Search/Browse Results philon of byzantium Born about 280 BC in Byzantium (Turkey) Died about 220 BCPrevious (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) http://www.psigate.ac.uk/roads/cgi-bin/search_webcatalogue2.pl?limit=125&term1=b

29. IFAC Technical Committee On Control Education (EDCOM) 250 BC philon of byzantium used a float regulator used by to control the levelof oil in a lamp. (Similar to the idea of liquidlevel control used by http://www.griffith.edu.au/centre/icsl/edcom/content13.html

Flip to Text Version History of Control Control Systems Timeline A modern view of control systems is one of using feedback to control a system regardless of any external disturbances. It is this durability that explains why control systems are all around us in modern technology. Control Systems have widespread applications in a number of different fields however they are barely noticed, but without them many of today’s technological advancements would not be possible. They are found in our homes, cars, factories, communication, medical, transport, military, and space systems to name a few. The evolution of the control system is a long and interesting one, dating back to around 300 B.C. From then on control systems have played an essential part in the development of wide variety of technology. "One interesting aspect in the history of technology is the way in which an innovation was developed. In many cases, inventions were the result of numerous people making small advances until a critical point was reached". (Bernstein and Bushnell 2002 p22) ([38]). There are many examples of this throughout the history of control with inventions being improved and adapted for different tasks. A couple of these examples are listed below: The centrifugal governor began in the works of windmills, but found itself in the control of steam engines.

30. Untitled Document According to the ancient accounts of Athenaeus, of philon of byzantium and,indirectly, of Vitruvius, the Hydraulis was invented by the famous engineer http://www.culture.gr/2/23/232/epked/en/00_standard_menu/00a_ydraulis/00a.htm

Hydraulis : The Ancient Hydraulis and its Reconstruction T T he hydraulis, after its invention, spreads quickly in the Hellenistic and Roman world. In Rome, it was played in theatres, festivals and even in the amphitheaters, and became the favorite instrument of the ruling class and of emperors such as Nero, Ancient references to the hydraulis and the many depictions of it reveal that the instrument was constructed in numerous types which varied in size, sound and number of pipes. L I n August 1992, during excavations at the site of ancient Dion (at the foot of Mt Olympus) the archaeologist Professor Dimitris Pantermalis of the University of Thessaloniki and his associates discovered the upper parts of an instrument consisting of a set of bronze pipes and a horizontal metal base-plate with decorative motifs. Professor Pantermalis dates the find to the first century BC. In early 1995, the European Cultural Center of Delphi (ECCD), in consultation with Professor Pantermalis and with the support of the Ministry of Culture, initiated a research project for reconstruction of the Dion hydraulis. I n order to reconstruct the hydraulis, all the ancient sources mentioning the instrument were studied in detail, research was conducted into the ancient Greek musical scales, and the use and manufacture of various materials in antiquity (metal, wood, leather, welding, rivets, screw, etc) were investigated. The problems facing the research team during reconstruction were of three kinds, concerning: a) the hydraulic mechanism, b) the key mechanism, and c) the pipes. In connection with the first two problems, the text of Hero was used as a particular starting-point and regarding the pipes the archaeological find was of great importance. The reconstruction project was completed in July 1999 and the presentation in Japan is the first public appearance of the hydraulis in modern times.

31. European Cultural Centre Of Delphi 75), of philon of byzantium (see R. Schone, Philonis Mechanicae Syntaxis, There is no evidence of hydraulicallypowered instruments in Byzantium. http://www.culture.gr/2/23/232/e232012.html

European cultural Centre of Delphi The Ancient Hydraulis Index: [Historical particulars: antiquity] [Dissemination of the instrument: Rome and Byzantium] [Western Europe] [Reconstruction project] Historical particulars: antiquity T Dissemination of the instrument: Rome and Byzantium T he hydraulis spread very rapidly through the Hellenistic and later the Roman world, where it provided musical accompaniment for games in the forum and was the favourite instrument of Emperors such as Nero. Ancient references to the hydraulis and the many depictions of it on coins, vases and stone pillars which have come down to us reveal that the instrument was constructed in numerous types which varied in size and number of pipes. Little by little, the hydraulic mechanism was replaced by bellows and the hydraulis joined the family of wind instruments. As early as the first centuries AD, both types of instrument were in use. During the first Christian centuries, after the barbarian invasions of Europe, the instrument disappeared from the western part of what had been the Roman Empire, although in its blower-powered form it continued to exist in Byzantium. There is no evidence of hydraulically-powered instruments in Byzantium. In the Imperial court at Constantinople, the organ was a symbol of prestige and it played music during the visits of foreign guests in order to impress them. Constantine Porphyrogennetos (tenth century) formally established the organ in court protocol, and decreed that it was to play during specific ceremonies in the Great Palace and the Hippodrome.

32. Interesting Aspects Of Science, UFOs, Ancient Artifacts, Crop The two most famous are by Ntipater of Sidon, and philon of byzantium. They agreeon six of the seven wonders listed below. The seven wonders of the ancient http://aboutfacts.net/Ancient3.htm

ABOUT FACTS NET Ancient Wonders The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World There are several lists that were drawn up by the ancient Greeks listing the seven wonders of the ancient world. The two most famous are by Ntipater of Sidon, and Philon of Byzantium. They agree on six of the seven wonders listed below. The seven wonders of the ancient world listed, are the ones that most people accept today. This is the list of Philon of Byzantium. There was said to be seven wonders in the ancient world. Although most of them are no longer visible, we still have a couple of them available today. The seven wonders of the ancient world were: The Great Pyramid of Giza The Hanging Gardens of Babylon The Statue of Zeus at Olympia The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus The Colossus of Rhodes The Lighthouse of Alexandria The Great Pyramid of Giza - The biggest structure on earth (not counting the Great Wall of China) is located in Egypt and is still being explored today. No one us sure how is was built since the block of stone used were of such enormous weight. Tiny robots are being used to explore air passages in the pyramid along with other modern devices such as radar. A hidden room below the Sphinx is now believed to exist but it can not be explored with the permission of the Egyptian Government which has not given it to date. There is an old Arab proverb"Man fears time, yet time fears the pyramids". The Great Pyramid was the tallest man made structure on earth for over 40 centuries or maybe longer, depending when it was really built. Edgar Cayce, The Sleeping Prophet, stated the Great Pyramid was over 10,000 years old.

33. KeepMedia | The Atlantic: Wonders Never Cease Updating philon of byzantium s famous list, article, articles, feature, features,magazine, magazines, publication, publications, column, columns, http://www.keepmedia.com/pubs/TheAtlantic/2004/07/01/498819?extID=10026

34. The Seven Wonders Of The World The Greek writers, Antipater of Sidon and philon of byzantium, drew up two ofthe lists. Some lists contain such ancient wonders as the Walls of the City of http://www.bibleufo.com/ancconstwonder.htm

The Seven Wonders of the World Most people know about the Seven Wonders of the World and can name a few, the Great Pyramid and the Hanging Gardens of Babylon being the two most often remembered. Though the current list is the best known, it actually took centuries to compile. The Greek writers, Antipater of Sidon and Philon of Byzantium, drew up two of the lists. Some lists contain such ancient wonders as the Walls of the City of Babylon and the Palace of Cyrus, King of Persia, though the Great Wall of China or Stonehenge would probably have made it had they been known. The first reference to the idea of a list is mentioned by Herodotus in his work The History by Herodotus as long ago as the 5th century BC. Callimachus of Cyrene (305BC-240BC), Chief Librarian of the Alexandria Mouseion, wrote "A Collection of Wonders around the World". Unfortunately, this list was destroyed with the Alexandria Library. The oldest reference to the current list comes from the engravings by the Dutch artist Maerten van Heemskerck (1498-1574) and Johann Fischer von Erlach's "History of Architecture." Not all the Seven Wonders existed at the same time, a good reason for the variations in some of the lists. All but one of the Seven Wonders are gone, the Pyramids at Giza being the sole survivor on the list and the only one that we have specific knowledge of relating to appearance. The Colossus of Rhodes only stood for 56 years before an earthquake brought it down. There are descriptions and these are included in the individual sections, where available.

35. Automata History philon of byzantium took the principals of pneumatics used by the Egyptians topower many of his mechanical devises. He was also interested in steam and is http://www.automata.co.uk/History page.htm

The following is a short description of the history of automata. It can be broken down into 3 rough time frames, Ancient History, 15th-19th Century and Modern times. ANCIENT HISTORY The first Automata was created by GOD. According to Talmundic tradition, Adam was created in 5 hours. In the first, his dust was gathered from all parts of the world; In the second, it was kneaded into a shapeless mass (Golem); In the third, his limbs were shaped; In the fourth, a soul was infused into him; In the fifth, he arose and stood on his feet. "And God formed man of the dust of the ground and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul." Genesis. Chapter II. Mythology has many stories about automata, some a wild and fanciful, others may have been based on fact. We can not say for sure what is fact or fiction, so what follows is a description of some of the more exciting reference to mythological automata which are based on accounts from the Ancient Greeks. Prometheus was reputed to have made the first man and women on earth, with clay animated by fire and stolen from heaven.

36. Bilkent University - Department Of Archaeology And History Of Art only example of a defensive system first suggested by philon of byzantium in c.200 BC, whose ideas were restated by the Anonymous of Byzantium during http://www.bilkent.edu.tr/~arkeo/newsletter/newsle29.html

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND HISTORY OF ART THE POWERFUL AND FORTIFIED ANCYRA It seems that the one historical monument all visitors to Ankara remember are those 18 pentagonal towers which appear to rise from the Kaledaðý ‘like the prows of advancing ships’. These fortifications were already famous in the 10th or 11th century, for they are referred to in the epic Digenes Akritas , as the ‘famous and great castle, the powerful and fortified Ancyra’. Yet, this ‘young’ city’s most tangible record of its long past is also one of its most enigmatic: other than that these towers are evidently ‘Byzantine’, there is no agreement as to their precise date! And what makes that even more remarkable is that they are the only example of a defensive system first suggested by Philon of Byzantium in c . 200 BC, whose ideas were restated by the Anonymous of Byzantium during the reign of Justinian! It is for that reason that our editor invited this contribution, to indicate something of what is known and what is unknown about Ankara’s fortifications – and hopefully stimulate further debate and research on them.

37. No. 308: The Last Wonder Of The World The 2ndcentury BC Hellenistic engineer philon of byzantium wrote a tract calledDe Septem Orbis Spectaculis , literally, Of the Seven Spectacles of the http://www.uh.edu/engines/epi308.htm

No. 308: THE LAST WONDER OF THE WORLD by John H. Lienhard Click here for audio of Episode 308. Today, we look at the first and last wonder of the world. The University of Houston's College of Engineering presents this series about the machines that make our civilization run, and the people whose ingenuity created them. W e use the words "Eighth Wonder of the World" to name each new engineering marvel that comes down the road bridges, ships, and rockets. Maybe it's time to look back at the original Wonders. The 2nd-century BC Hellenistic engineer Philon of Byzantium wrote a tract called De Septem Orbis Spectaculis , literally, Of the Seven Spectacles of the World . He listed: The Lighthouse at Alexandria The Hanging Gardens of Babylon The Colossus of Rhodes The Statue of Zeus at Olympia The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus The Tomb of Mausolus at Halicarnassus The Great Pyramid of Cheops So the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World are correctly those and those alone. They were marvels, of course. The great 150-foot bronze Colossus standing astride the jetties of Rhodes must have been daunting indeed. Yet Philon's list did by no means include the definitive great works for all time. They were the seven grandest works that he could identify in 150 BC. The Colossus lasted only 56 years before it was brought down by an earthquake. All Philon actually saw of it was bronze rubble.

38. Seven Wonders Of The Ancient World - All About Turkey written by a famous Greek engineer and mathematician named philon of byzantium,yet many scholars and historians believe that Philon had not written the http://www.allaboutturkey.com/7wonders.htm

Home Regions of Turkey Top Tourist Sites History ... History > Seven Wonders of the ancient world Seven Wonders of the ancient world What Makes These Wonders So Wonderful? These Wonders of the World originate from history, before the birth of Christ, during the Greek era. (second century B.C.). These were built during a period of time that extended more than two thousand years: from the ancient kingdoms of Egypt and Babylon to the Golden Age of Classical Greece. A Greek poet named Antipater (also known as Antipatros) created a list of seven marvelous structures, later to be known as the Seven Wonders of the World. This list was created by him as a tribute to the ancient world's achievements, a summary of mankind's outstanding accomplishments in creation. Antipater, however, was not alone in compiling lists of these great works. Only one other nearly complete list of Wonders of the World has existed through the years. This was found in a book said to have been written by a famous Greek engineer and mathematician named Philon of Byzantium , yet many scholars and historians believe that Philon had not written the book - they believe that a man had written it after Philon's death and had signed it under Philon's name to gain recognition. In these two lists consistency was dominant in several of these Wonders of the World, yet an only six were originally on these lists. The final Wonder of the World - The Lighthouse of Alexandria - was added to the list in the sixth century B.C.

39. Registry Of Hurlers Email 62 AD) and philon of byzantium (c. 250 BC). This ballista is on the small end ofthe range of ancient machines of this type and is designed to serve as http://www.trebuchet.com/registry/sendemail.php/5

From: (Your email address) Subject: Message: The International Registry of Hurlers (and Chunkers) Home Message Board Events Search ... Add A Record Sort by Origination Date Updated Date Name/Nickname Machine I Machine II Machine III City State Country Reverse order Show records/page. Location: City: Anoka State (Province): MN Country: USA Contact info: Web Page: http://www.stormthewalls.dhs.org Email address: (Click here to send email) Postal address: Minnesota Phone number: Machines: I II III Name : Ballista Type: Greek Ballista Projectiles 3.5 pound stone shot Range 220 yards+ Stationary or Mobile mobile Notes Additional info: Historically accurate replica of an ancient Greek ballista built according to engineering texts left to us by Heron of Alexandria (c. 62 AD) and Philon of Byzantium (c. 250 BC). This ballista is on the small end of the range of ancient machines of this type and is designed to serve as mobile antipersonnel field artillery. Knight's Armoury website: www.stormthewalls.dhs.org trebuchet.com/registry/show.php/5

40. An Overview Antipater was followed by others such as the Greek engineer and mathematicianphilon of byzantium. It is not surprising that most of the wonders listed were http://library.thinkquest.org/18169/ov.htm

Throughout history many people have constructed lists to document mankind's outstanding accomplishments. The first person to create such a list was a Greek poet named Antipater. Antipater was followed by others such as the Greek engineer and mathematician Philon of Byzantium. It is not surprising that most of the wonders listed were examples of Greek culture, though only two were located in present day Greece, three others were products of Greek artistry. Naturally, there was disagreement about what should comprise the list. Most agreed on six: The Great Pyramids of Egypt, The Hanging Gardens of Babylon, The Statue of Zeus at Olympia, The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, The Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, and The Colosus of Rhodes. After great debates, and a considerable amount of time, the final list consisted of the six mentioned above and The Lighthouse of Alexandria. The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World never existed simultaneously, and only The Great Pyramids still exist today.

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