1. Pappus pappus of alexandria is the last of the great Greek geometers and one of his Pappus, of Alexandria, philosopher, lived about the time of the Emperor http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Pappus.html

Pappus of Alexandria Born: about 290 in Alexandria, Egypt Died: about 350 Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Version for printing Pappus of Alexandria is the last of the great Greek geometers and one of his theorems is cited as the basis of modern projective geometry Our knowledge of Pappus's life is almost nil. There appear in the literature one or two references to dates for Pappus's life which must be wrong. There is a reference in the Suda Lexicon (a work of a 10 th century Greek lexicographer) which states that Pappus was a contemporary of Theon of Alexandria (see for example [1]):- Pappus, of Alexandria, philosopher, lived about the time of the Emperor Theodosius the Elder AD - AD , when Theon the Philosopher, who wrote the Canon of Ptolemy , also flourished. This would seem convincing but there is a chronological table by Theon of Alexandria which, when being copied, has had inserted next to the name of Diocletian (who ruled 284 AD - 305 AD) "at that time wrote Pappus". Similar insertions give the dates for Ptolemy Hipparchus and other mathematical astronomers.

2. Biography Of Pappus Of Alexandria Biography of pappus of alexandria pappus of alexandria flourished in the first half of the fourth century. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

3. Very Little Is Known Of Pappus' Life. No Title Next About this document March 3, 1997 pappus of alexandria (fl. c. 300c. 350) Very little is known of Pappus' life. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

4. PAPPUS OF ALEXANDRIA - LoveToKnow Article On PAPPUS OF ALEXANDRIA pappus of alexandria, Greek geometer, flourished about the end of the 3rd centuryAD In a period of general stagnation in mathematical studies, http://18.1911encyclopedia.org/P/PA/PAPPUS_OF_ALEXANDRIA.htm

PAPPUS OF ALEXANDRIA PAPPUS OF ALEXANDRIA We can only conjecture that the lost book i., as well as book ii., was concerned with arithmetic, book iii. being clearly introduced as beginning a new subject. The whole of book ii. (the former part of which is lost, the existing fragment beginning in the middle of the 14th proposition) related to a system of multiplication due to Apollonius of Perga. On this subject see Nesselmann, Algebra der Griechen (Berlin, 1842), pp. 125134; and M. Cantor, Gesch. d. Math. i.~ 331. In book v., after an interesting preface concerning regular polygons, and containing remarks upon the hexagonal form of the cells of honeycombs, Pappus addresses himself to the comparison of the areas of different plane figures which have all the same perimeter (following Zenodoruss treatise on this subject), and of the volumes of different solid figures which have all the same superficial area, and, lastly, a comparison of the five regular solids of Plato. Incidentally Pappus describes the thirteen other polyhedra bounded by equilateral and equiangular but not similar polygons, discovered by Archimedes, and finds, by a method recalling that of Archimedes, the surface and volume of a sphere. According to the preface, book vi. is intended to resolve difficulties occurring in the so-called ~iucpi3c ?wrpoPo/Ao(lpsvol. It accordingly comments on the Sphaerica of Theodosius, the Moving Sphere of Autolycus, Theodosiuss book on Day and Night, the treatise of Aristarchus On the Size and Distances of the Sun and Moon, and Euclids Optics and Phaenomena.

5. Pappus pappus of alexandria http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

6. Pappus Of Alexandria (ca. 260 BC-unknown) -- From Eric Weisstein's World Of Scie pappus of alexandria (ca. 260 BCunknown) Pappus summarized all of Greekmathematics in the eight volume Mathematical Collection or simply The http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Pappus.html

Branch of Science Mathematicians Nationality Greek Pappus of Alexandria (ca. 260 BC-unknown) Greek mathematician whose contribution to mathematics was primarily as an encyclopedist. Pappus summarized all of Greek mathematics in the eight volume Mathematical Collection or simply The Collection (ca. 340 BC). In it, he states Pappus's theorem which is also known as the "Guldinus theorem" since Guldin independently rediscovered it. Pappus also derived the theorem that the centers of the circles in a Pappus chain of an arbelos lie on an ellipse Additional biographies: MacTutor (St. Andrews)

7. Pappus Of Alexandria Biography pappus of alexandria biography and related resources. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

8. Pappus Of Alexandria --  Encyclopædia Britannica pappus of alexandria the most important mathematical author writing in Greekduring the later Roman Empire, known for his work ty = book Synagoge /work http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9058349

Home Browse Newsletters Store ... Subscribe Already a member? Log in Content Related to this Topic This Article's Table of Contents Introduction Additional Reading Print this Table of Contents Shopping Price: USD $1495 Revised, updated, and still unrivaled. The Official Scrabble Players Dictionary (Hardcover) Price: USD $15.95 The Scrabble player's bible on sale! Save 30%. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary Price: USD $19.95 Save big on America's best-selling dictionary. Discounted 38%! More Britannica products Pappus of Alexandria  Encyclopædia Britannica Article Page 1 of 2 flourished AD the most important mathematical author writing in Greek during the later Roman Empire, known for his Synagoge Alexandria in Egypt and that his career coincided with the first three decades of the 4th century AD Pappus of Alexandria... (75 of 856 words) var mm = [["Jan.","January"],["Feb.","February"],["Mar.","March"],["Apr.","April"],["May","May"],["June","June"],["July","July"],["Aug.","August"],["Sept.","September"],["Oct.","October"],["Nov.","November"],["Dec.","December"]]; To cite this page: MLA style: "Pappus of Alexandria."

9. TMTh PAPPUS OF ALEXANDRIA Life pappus of alexandria was a mathematician and the author of commentaries on Euclid and Ptolemy and of a work on universal geography, much of http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

10. Additional Reading (from Pappus Of Alexandria) --  Encyclopædia Britannica Additional Reading (from pappus of alexandria) e ty = s pappus of alexandria /e , ety = i Book 7 of the Collection /e , ed. and trans. by e ty http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?tocId=226234

11. [HM] Pappus Of Alexandria By Roger Cooke HM pappus of alexandria by Roger Cooke http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

12. Pappus Of Alexandria -- Facts, Info, And Encyclopedia Article pappus of alexandria is one of the most important mathematicians of ancient Greektime, pappus of alexandria (Click link for more info and facts about http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/encyclopedia/p/pa/pappus_of_alexandria.htm

Pappus of Alexandria [Categories: Egyptian mathematicians, Ancient Greek mathematicians, Ancient mathematicians] Pappus of Alexandria is one of the most important mathematicians of ancient Greek time, known for his work Synagoge He was born at (The chief port of Egypt; located on the western edge of the Nile delta on the Mediterranean Sea; founded by Alexander the Great; the capital of ancient Egypt) Alexandria in (A republic in northeastern Africa known as the United Arab Republic until 1971; site of an ancient civilization that flourished from 2600 to 30 BC) Egypt . Although very little is known about his life, the written records suggest he was a teacher. His principal work is known as the Synagoge (c. (Click link for more info and facts about 340) ). Comprising of at least eight volumes while the rest were lost, the collection covers a wide range of mathematical topics, including (The pure mathematics of points and lines and curves and surfaces) geometry (Click link for more info and facts about recreational mathematics) recreational mathematics , constructing a cube having twice the volume of a given cube, polygons and polyhedra.

13. [HM] Picture Of Pappus Of Alexandria By Lauri MacDougall HM Picture of pappus of alexandria by Lauri MacDougall http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

14. Lever -- Facts, Info, And Encyclopedia Article stated the correct mathematical principle of levers (quoted by (Click linkfor more info and facts about pappus of alexandria) pappus of alexandria). http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/encyclopedia/l/le/lever.htm

Lever [Categories: Mechanical engineering] In (The science of matter and energy and their interactions) physics , a lever (from Old French levier , the agent noun to lever "to raise", c. f. (The former name for the geographical area of the eastern Mediterranean that is now occupied by Lebanon and Syria and Israel) levant ) is a rigid object that is used with an appropriate (The pivot about which a lever turns) fulcrum or pivot point to multiply the mechanical force that can be applied to another object. This is also termed (The ratio of the force exerted by a machine to the force applied to it) mechanical advantage , and is one example of the (Click link for more info and facts about principle of moments) principle of moments . The principle of leverage can also be derived using (Click link for more info and facts about Newton's laws of motion) Newton's laws of motion and modern (The branch of mechanics concerned with forces in equilibrium) statics Early studies The earliest remaining writings regarding levers date from the 3rd century BC and were provided by (Greek mathematician and physicist noted for his work in hydrostatics and mechanics and geometry (287-212 BC)) Archimedes Give me the place to stand, and I shall move the earth

15. Pappus Of Alexandria - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia pappus of alexandria http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

16. Untitled pappus of alexandria (fl. c. 300c. 350). tex2html_wrap_inline173 Very little isknown of Pappus life. Moreover, very little is known of what his actual http://www.math.tamu.edu/~don.allen/history/pappus/pappus.html

Next: About this document March 3, 1997 Pappus of Alexandria (fl. c. 300-c. 350) Very little is known of Pappus' life. Moreover, very little is known of what his actual contributions were. We do know that he recorded in one of his commentaries on the Almagest that he observed a solar eclipse on October 18, 320. He is regarded, though, as the last great mathematician of the Helenistic Age. He wrote The Collection or The Synagogue , a treatise on geometry which we discuss here and several commentaries, now all lost except for some fragments in Greek or Arabic. One of the commentaries, we note from Proclus, was on The Elements Note that higher geometry was in complete abeyance until Pappus. From his descriptions, we may surmise that either the classical works were lost or forgotten. His task is to `restore' geometry to a place of significance. Basically, The Collection or The Synagogue is a treatise on Geometry, which included everything of interest to him. Whatever explanations or supplements to the works of the great geometers seemed to him necessary, he formulated them as lemmas. Features: It is very broad, designed to revive classical geometry.

17. Archimedean Solids (Pappus) Below is a translation from the fifth book of the "Collection" of the Greek mathematician pappus of alexandria, who lived in the beginning of the http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

18. Pappus Of Alexandria Pappus (or Pappos) of Alexandria (pp ? e?a?d?e) (about 290350) AD is the Serafina Cuomo, pappus of alexandria and the Mathematics of Late http://www.mlahanas.de/Greeks/Pappus.htm

Pappus Michael Lahanas Griechische Mathematik: Pappos von Alexandria Bees were endowed with a certain geometrical forethought .... There being, then, three figures which of themselves can fill up the space round a point, viz. the triangle, the square and the hexagon, the bees have wisely selected for their structure that which contains the most angles, suspecting indeed that it could hold more honey than either of the other two. Pappus of Aelxandria Pappus (or Pappos) of Alexandria ) (about 290-350) AD is the author of , or shortly Synagoge) (Mathematical Collections), which contained as the name suggests a collection of all the Mathematics known until Pappus' time. Very little is known about his life and the only date that is very accurate is the solar eclipse which he observed on 18 th October 320 AD. Commandinus provided the first translation into Latin 1589. Others like Wallis followed until 1878 when Friedrich Hultsch provided a complete translation. The Mathematical Collections of Pappus in a translation of Federico Commandino (1589). An Image from a Vatican Exhibition Although there is little originality, Pappus showed great understanding in all topics.

19. Pappus Of Alexandria Encyclop Dia Britannica pappus of alexandria the most important mathematical author writing in Greek during the later Roman Empire, known for his work ty = http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

20. Ancient Greek Optimization Problems pappus of alexandria. Geometric Optimization. Advertisement for a modern OptimizationTool. As Geometry plays a important role in Greek Ancient Science it http://www.mlahanas.de/Greeks/Optimization.htm

Optimization Michael Lahanas Optimierungsprobleme im Antiken Griechenland Bees were endowed with a certain geometrical forethought .... There being, then, three figures which of themselves can fill up the space round a point, viz. the triangle, the square and the hexagon, the bees have wisely selected for their structure that which contains the most angles, suspecting indeed that it could hold more honey than either of the other two. Pappus of Alexandria Geometric Optimization Advertisement for a modern Optimization Tool As Geometry plays a important role in Greek Ancient Science it is not very surprising that optimization problems have been considered and solved. In Euclid's book III of the Elements there is a discussion of the greatest and least straight lines that can be drawn from a point to the circumference of a circle, and in book VI. (in a proposition generally omitted from editions of his works) the parallelogram of greatest area with a given perimeter. Of polygons of N sides with a given perimeter the regular polygon encloses the greatest area. Of two regular polygons of the same perimeter, that with the greater number of sides encloses the greater area.

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