1. Khayyam Biography of omar khayyam (10481122) omar khayyam s full name was Ghiyath al-Din Abu l-Fath Umar ibn Ibrahim Al-Nisaburi al-Khayyami. http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Khayyam.html

Omar Khayyam Born: 18 May 1048 in Nishapur, Persia (now Iran) Died: 4 Dec 1131 in Nishapur, Persia (now Iran) Click the picture above to see four larger pictures Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Version for printing Omar Khayyam 's full name was Ghiyath al-Din Abu'l-Fath Umar ibn Ibrahim Al-Nisaburi al-Khayyami. A literal translation of the name al-Khayyami (or al-Khayyam) means 'tent maker' and this may have been the trade of Ibrahim his father. Khayyam played on the meaning of his own name when he wrote:- Khayyam, who stitched the tents of science, Has fallen in grief's furnace and been suddenly burned, The shears of Fate have cut the tent ropes of his life, And the broker of Hope has sold him for nothing! The political events of the 11 th Century played a major role in the course of Khayyam's life. The Seljuq Turks were tribes that invaded southwestern Asia in the 11 th Khayyam studied philosophy at Naishapur and one of his fellow students wrote that he was:- ... endowed with sharpness of wit and the highest natural powers ... However, this was not an empire in which those of learning, even those as learned as Khayyam, found life easy unless they had the support of a ruler at one of the many courts. Even such patronage would not provide too much stability since local politics and the fortunes of the local military regime decided who at any one time held power. Khayyam himself described the difficulties for men of learning during this period in the introduction to his

2. The Internet Classics Archive | The Rubaiyat By Omar Khayyam The complete text translated into English. Part of the Internet Classics Archive. http://classics.mit.edu/Khayyam/rubaiyat.html

Home Browse and Comment Search ... Help The Rubaiyat By Omar Khayyam Commentary: Many comments have been posted about The Rubaiyat Read them or add your own Reader Recommendations: Recommend a Web site you feel is appropriate to this work, list recommended Web sites , or visit a random recommended Web site Download: A 18k text-only version is available for download The Rubaiyat By Omar Khayyam Written 1120 A.C.E. I Wake! For the Sun, who scatter'd into flight The Stars before him from the Field of Night, Drives Night along with them from Heav'n, and strikes The Sultan's Turret with a Shaft of Light. II Before the phantom of False morning died, Methought a Voice within the Tavern cried, "When all the Temple is prepared within, Why nods the drowsy Worshipper outside?" III And, as the Cock crew, those who stood before The Tavern shouted"Open then the Door! You know how little while we have to stay, And, once departed, may return no more." IV Now the New Year reviving old Desires, The thoughtful Soul to Solitude retires, Where the White Hand Of Moses on the Bough Puts out, and Jesus from the Ground suspires.

3. Omar Khayyam On Cubics Questions and answers regarding algebra and geometry. http://www.mathpages.com/home/kmath448.htm

Omar Khayyam on Cubics Return to MathPages Main Menu

4. Rubaiyat Of Omar Khayyam Rubaiyat of Omar Khayam includes omar khayyam s poetry in its original language as well as in English. http://www.promotionalguide.com/ok/

Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam has now moved to its news home www.OKonLife.com Please book mark the new address.

5. Rubaiyat Of Omar Khayyam, At Everypoet.com The Rubaiyat (an English translation) presented in a pleasant, readable format. http://www.everypoet.com/archive/poetry/Omar_Khayyam/omar_khayyam_contents.htm

Poems Home Find a Poet Classic Poems Poetry Forums ... Search New! Fiction Forums and Online Books Archive of Classic Poems Poetry of Omar Khayyam The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam Visit our critical fiction and non-fiction forums at Everyauthor.com Recent poems and topics at Everypoet's Poetry Free-for-all and biographies of US presidents Automobile and car news and specs internet advertising networks search engines ... poems and poets crossword puzzles word search and jigsaw puzzles office humor games and jokes (get Michael Jackson T-shirts Bible verses and literature Dictionary, encyclopedia, factbook and music search More classic poems by: ... William Wordsworth Also see: EveryAuthor.com - our prose site , featuring an online library and critical discussion forums for prose, fiction and non-fiction home poetry discussion forums find a poet ... politics and american presidents michael jackson news Fastclick Ad Network Casale Media ... Link to everypoet.com

6. Rubbayat Of Omar Khayyam - Index - IntraText CT Edward FitzGerald translation. Full text, with concordances and word frequency lists. http://www.intratext.com/X/ENG0044.htm

Index Help Words Alphabetical Frequency Inverse Length ... IntraText Library The Rubbayat of Omar Khayyam Translated into English in 1859 by Edward FitzGerald II IntraText Edition CT 2002 - See also: Credits IntraText CT is the hypertextualized text together with wordlists and concordances. Overview Lists Concordances Glossary ... For easier reading... - Index - Statistics and graphs (Occurrences: 3034. Words: 1086) Credits Printed source Not available Source of the electronic transcription Internet ETML tagging

7. Rubaiyat Of Omar Khayyam By Omar Khayyam English translation (not Fitzgerald) with adjustable sized text and automatic bookmarking. http://www.classicbookshelf.com/library/omar_khayyam/rubaiyat_of_omar_khayyam/

Enjoy Free Classics Site Map Electronic Library Omar Khayyam Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam Omar Khayyam Use our free reading applet for easier e-reading. Choose the best combination of text size, spacing and color. You'll enjoy reading more with the right settings. Try it, click the Open button now. Would you prefer simple text instead? Choose a chapter link from this list. (You may find the applet better!) Introduction First Edition Fifth Edition Notes

8. Rubaiyat Of Omar Khayyam Rubaiyat of Omar Khayam includes omar khayyam s poetry in its original language as well as in English. http://www.okonlife.com/

Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam Life Poetry Picture Gallery Links ... Support This Site Domains of Belief Now on DVD Also visit A Tribute to Rumi Divan-e Hafiz Zarathushtra Shahriar Shahriari ... Join Shahriar's e-mail list 1998, Vancouver Canada, 1999 - 2003, Los Angeles, CA You may use any part presented herein for non-commercial purposes only, on the condition of giving full credit to the author and to this home page, including a hyperlink, if you wish to use these material over the Internet. - This page was last updated on Wednesday, June 02, 2004

9. Omar Khayyam About 900 years ago, omar khayyam, the Persian poet and mathematician, found a geometric solution of a cubic. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

10. Index To Poetry - The Rubaiyat Of Omar Khayyam omar khayyam s poetry in its original language as well as in English (in three versions, literal, meaning, and Fitzgerald translations). http://www.okonlife.com/poems/

Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 ... Page 6 The Rubaiyat Depending on the sources of reference that one chooses, Omar Khayyam is believed to have composed somewhere between 200 and 600 Rubaiyat (quatrains). Some are known to be authentic and are attributed to him, while others seem to be combinations or corruption of his poetry, and whose origins are more dubious. The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam is among the few masterpieces that has been translated into most languages, including English, French, German, Italian, Russian, Chinese, Hindi, Arabic, and Urdu. The most famous translation of the Rubaiyat from Farsi into English was undertaken in 1859 by Edward J. Fitzgerald. It appears that in many of his translations, he has combined a few of the Rubaiyat to compose one, and sometimes it is difficult to trace and correspond the original to the translated version. However, he has tried his utmost to adhere to the spirit of the original poetry. The Farsi collection presented in this web page is almost universally believed to be authentic and or his own original composition. At this time, it does not include all the Rubaiyat, though a significant proportion. For the benefit of the non-Farsi speaking reader, I have included two translations. One is as a literal translation, with the aim of conveying the wording of the original poetry, leaving it to the reader to draw his/her own conclusions. And another is a "meaning" translation, with the intention of conveying the spirit of the poetry to the reader, (at least as understood by this author.)

11. Rubaiyat Of Omar Khayyam Some verses in Persian, German, and three English versions (including Fitzgerald). Plus biography. http://www.OKonLife.com

Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam Life Poetry Picture Gallery Links ... Support This Site Domains of Belief Now on DVD Also visit A Tribute to Rumi Divan-e Hafiz Zarathushtra Shahriar Shahriari ... Join Shahriar's e-mail list 1998, Vancouver Canada, 1999 - 2003, Los Angeles, CA You may use any part presented herein for non-commercial purposes only, on the condition of giving full credit to the author and to this home page, including a hyperlink, if you wish to use these material over the Internet. - This page was last updated on Wednesday, June 02, 2004

12. Rubaiyat Of Omar Khayyam Rubaiyat of Omar Khayam includes omar khayyam's poetry in its original language as well as in English. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

13. B.H. Far's Treasures Of Persian Literature English translations of Gulistan of Saadi, Bustan of Saadi, Robaiyyat of Hafez, Ghazal (Sonnets) of Hafez, Masnavie-Ma'navi (spiritual couplets of Rumi), Robaiyyat (Quatrains) of omar khayyam and Shahnameh of Ferdowsi. Famous Persian poems are also available. http://www.enel.ucalgary.ca/People/far/hobbies/iran/

Welcome to Persian Classic Literature WWW Page. This is a collection of world famous Persian literature in the original form and/or English translation. I f you want to know more about Iran, please visit Iran: Country of The Nobles page. This is a collection of articles related Iran. I've arranged and compiled this material in order to answer to many questions I've been asked, related to Iranian culture and customs, together with introducing a few interesting sites to visit. It may give you a better idea of Iran and its cultural inherits. P lease visit Picture Gallery and The Persian Art of Visual Poetry (Miniature) for a collection of pictures of various places in Iran and an exhibition of Persian paintings. I f you are interested in Persian classic literature, please visit Robaiyyat (Quatrains) of Omar Khayyam (in Persian). Also come and enjoy Ghazal (Sonnets) of Hafez (in Persian) and Couplets of Parvin Etesami (in Persian). E nglish translation of Gulistan of Saadi Bustan of Saadi Masnavi-e-Ma'navi (spritual couplets of Rumi), Robaiyyat (Quatrains) of Omar Khayyam and Shahnameh of Ferdowsi , famous Persian poems are also available.

14. Biography biographical information about the life of omar khayyam and his poetry. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

15. References For Khayyam References for the biography of omar khayyam. A EA Hatipov, A trigonometric treatise of omar khayyam (?) (Russian), Trudy Samarkand. Gos. Univ. http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/References/Khayyam.html

References for Omar Khayyam Version for printing Biography in Dictionary of Scientific Biography (New York 1970-1990). Biography in Encyclopaedia Britannica. Books: J L Coolidge, The mathematics of the great amateurs (Oxford, 1949). J N Crossley, The emergence of number (Singapore, 1980). D S Kasir, The Algebra of Omar Khayyam, trans. from Arabic C H Mossaheb, Hakim Omare Khayyam as an Algebraist (Tehran, 1960). Sources and Studies in the History of Arabic Mathematics (Aleppo, 1981). B A Rozenfel'd and A P Yushkevich, Omar Khayyam (Russian), Akademija Nauk SSSR Izdat. 'Nauka' (Moscow, 1965). R Rashed, The development of Arabic mathematics : between arithmetic and algebra (London, 1994). R Rashed, (Paris, 1984). S G Tirtha, The Nectar of Grace, Omar Khayyam's Life and Works (Allahbad, 1941). Articles: Texas J. Sci. R C Archibald, Notes on Omar Khayyam (1050-1122) and recent discoveries, Pi Mu Epsilon J. A V Dorofeeva, Omar Khayyam (1048-1131) (Russian), Mat. v Shkole (2) (1989), i, 145-147. A E-A Hatipov, Omar Khayyam and Newton's binomial (Russian)

16. INSAP3 Excerpts and commentary with reproductions of some of Elihu Vedder's illustrations. http://www.minaret.org/INSAP3.htm

ASTRONOMICAL REFERENCES IMAD-AD-DEAN AHMAD Minaret of Freedom Institute 4323 Rosedale Avenue Bethesda, MD 20814 USA Delivered to the Third International Conference on the Inspiration of Astronomical Phenomena, Mondell, Sicily, January, 2001 ABSTRACT. Omar Khayyam was both an astronomer and a poet. We examine the astronomical references in different translations of his poetry and in Elihu Vedder's illustrations of the first American edition of Edward Fitzgerald's famous translation as the takeoff points for discussing the controversy as to the meaning of his poetry and the differences in culture between 11th-century Iran where he wrote them and 19th-century Britain and America where Fitzgerald and Vedder respectively were born. Coming from a society in which science and religion are viewed as antagonists, Fitzgerald misconstrued Omar’s poetry as a materialist diatribe against religious belief. Like all great poetry, Omar’s verse is so deep and so rich in meaning that it can be understood on many different levels and in different ways. Thus, many people from atheists to Christian clerics, from materialists to mystics, have professed that Omar is one of them. Speaking as an astronomer, I can say without fear of contradiction, that Omar was definitely "one of us." For that reason it is appropriate for this meeting to take a look at the astronomical allusions in his poetry and compare how their interpretation is affected by cultural context. I here focus on the literary translations of the Iranian-American scholar Ahmad Saidi (1991) and the British poet Edward Fitzgerald and the artistic interpretations of the American artist Elihu Vedder who illustrated the first American edition of the Rubaiyat (Fitzgerald 1884). Given the location of this conference, I should mention that Vedder executed his illustrations during his lengthy stay in Italy in the early 1880’s. My research has also been informed by reviewing a number of literal translations, notably those of Graves and Ali-Shah (1967) and Arberry (1952).

17. The Rubaiyat Of Omar Khayyam ~ Presented By ELF Welcome to the Electronic Literature Foundation's presentation of The Rubaiyat of omar khayyam. This site features several illustrated editions of http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

18. The Rubaiyat Of Omar Khayyam ~ Presented By ELF Welcome to the Electronic Literature Foundation s presentation of The Rubaiyat of omar khayyam. This site features several illustrated editions of the http://www.arabiannights.org/rubaiyat/index2.html

Welcome to the ELF presentation of The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam. We have several editions of the popular poem available in translation, illustrated by Dulac and others. In order to use this site, you will need a frames-capable browser.

19. The Electronic Literature Foundation Presents The Arabian Nights Welcome to the Electronic Literature Foundation's presentation of The Arabian Nights. This site features several illustrated editions of the Arabian http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

20. The Electronic Literature Foundation Presents The Arabian Nights You are welcome to The Arabian Nights The Rubaiyat of omar khayyam. Presented by the Electronic Literature Foundation http://www.arabiannights.org/

You are welcome to... Presented by the Electronic Literature Foundation

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