21. PAUL GORDAN Weyl goes on to contrast Gordan and max noether÷ Gordan was of a different Er war ein Algorithmiker, as max noether himself concluded in the http://faculty.evansville.edu/ck6/bstud/gordan.html

Paul Gordan (1837-1912) king of invariant theory Paul Albert Gordan, a mathematician at the University of Erlangen, was a close friend of Max Noether, and Emmy Noether was Gordan's only doctoral student. In his memorial address at Bryn Mawr College shortly after Emmy Noether's death, Hermann Weyl touched upon the influence of Emmy's father and of Gordan: Sided by side with Noether acted in Erlangen as a mathematician the closely befriended Gordan, an offspring of Clebsch's chool like Noether himself. Gordan had come to Erlangen shortly before, in 1874, and he, too, remained associated with that university until his death in 1912. Emmy wrote her doctor's thesis under him in 1907: On complete systems of invariants for ternary biquadratic forms; it is entirely in line with the Gordan spirit and his problems. The Mathematische Annalen contains a detailed obituary of Gordan and an analysis of his work, written by Max Noether with Emmy's collaboration. Besides her father, Gordan must have been well-nigh one of the most familiar figures in Emmy's early life, first as a friend of the house, later as a mathematician also; she kept a profound reverence for him though her own mathematical taste soon developed in quite a different direction. I remember that his picture decorated the wall of her study in Gšttingen. These two men, the father and Gordan, determined the atmosphere in which she grew up. Weyl goes on to contrast Gordan and Max Noether÷ Gordan was of a different stamp...impulsive and one-sided...a great walker and talker÷he like that kind of walk to which frequent stop at a beer-garden or a cafŽ belong. Either with friends, and then accompanying his discussions with violent gesticulations, completely irrespective of his surroundings; or alone, and then murmuring to himself and pondering over mathematical problems...

22. Emmy Noether - Definition Of Emmy Noether In Encyclopedia Emmy noether (March 23 1882 – April 14 1935) was one of the most Her father,max noether, was a distinguished mathematician and a professor at Erlangen. http://encyclopedia.laborlawtalk.com/Emmy_Noether

Add to Favorites General Encyclopedia Legal ... Law forum Search Word: Visit our Law forums Labor Law Accidents Law Bankruptcy Law Business Law ... Tax Law Emmy Noether March 23 April 14 ) was one of the most talented mathematicians of the early 20th century , with penetrating insights that she used to develop elegant abstractions which she formalized beautifully. Emmy Noether She was born Amalie Noether in Erlangen Bavaria Germany . Her father, Max Noether , was a distinguished mathematician and a professor at Erlangen She received her doctorate in under Paul Gordan , and rapidly built a world-wide reputation, but the University of Göttingen refused to let her teach, and her colleague, David Hilbert , had to advertise her courses in the university's prospectus under his own name. A long controversy ensued, with her opponents asking what the country's soldiers would think when they returned home and were expected to learn at the feet of a woman. Allowing her on the faculty would also mean letting her vote in the academic senate. Said Hilbert, "I do not see that the sex of the candidate is against her admission as a Privatdozent After all, the university senate is not a bathhouse." She was finally admitted to the faculty in

23. The Mathematics Genealogy Project - Max Noether According to our current online database, max noether has 14 students and 19descendants. We welcome any additional information. http://www.genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/html/id.phtml?id=46966

24. The Mathematics Genealogy Project - Update Data For Max Noether If you have Mathematics Subject Classifications to submit for an entire group ofindividuals (for instance all those that worked under a particular advisor) http://www.genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/html/php/submit-update.php?id=46966

25. Emmy Noether Her father was max noether, a noted mathematician of his time. Her mother wasIda Amalie, for whom Emmy was named. As a child, Emmy noether did not http://www.agnesscott.edu/lriddle/women/noether.htm

26. John Derbyshire On Emmy Noether On National Review Online Emmy s father, max noether, was a professor of mathematics in the southern Germantown of Erlangen, just north of Nuremberg. Emmy was born there in 1882. http://www.nationalreview.com/derbyshire/derbyshire200504210758.asp

cddcodebase = "/";cddcodebase454632 = "/"; HELP E-mail Author Author Archive Send to a Friend ... Print Version April 21, 2005, 7:58 a.m. The greatest female mathematician of the 20th century, and maybe ever. T he aftershocks of the Lawrence Summers brouhaha ripple on. Summers, you may recall (well, it was several news cycles ago) scandalized the academic establishment by suggesting that the scarcity of female scientists and mathematicians might have its origins in the differing biologies of men and women. Our own Stanley Kurtz has a nice follow-up piece on the Summers flap in the current City Journal Reading Stanley's piece, I got to thinking of Emmy Noether, who died just 70 years ago last week. I am going to leave you to deduce what, if anything, you can from Emmy Noether's story. It's a story worth telling, in any case, so here it is. Wilhelmine Germany was an exceptionally misogynist society, even by late 19th-century standards. The German expression Kinder, Kirche, Küche (children, church, kitchen), supposedly identifying a woman's proper place in society, is known even to people who don't speak German. It is popularly thought to have originated with the Nazi party. In fact it goes back much further than that, and was used approvingly of the attitude displayed by Wilhelm II's lumpish consort, the Empress Augusta Victoria, except that on her lips it was supposed to have been uttered as

27. Emmy Noether: Information From Answers.com Her father, max noether, was a distinguished mathematician and a professor atErlangen. She did not show any early precocity at mathematics — as a teenager http://www.answers.com/topic/emmy-noether-1

showHide_TellMeAbout2('false'); Business Entertainment Games Health ... More... On this page: Wikipedia Mentioned In Or search: - The Web - Images - News - Blogs - Shopping Emmy Noether Wikipedia Emmy Noether Emmy Noether March 23 April 14 ) was one of the most talented mathematicians of the early 20th century , with penetrating insights that she used to develop elegant abstractions which she formalized beautifully. Emmy Noether She was born Amalie Noether in Erlangen Bavaria Germany . Her father, Max Noether , was a distinguished mathematician and a professor at Erlangen She received her doctorate in under Paul Gordan , and rapidly built a world-wide reputation, but the University of G¶ttingen refused to let her teach, and her colleague, David Hilbert , had to advertise her courses in the university's prospectus under his own name. A long controversy ensued, with her opponents asking what the country's soldiers would think when they returned home and were expected to learn at the feet of a woman. Allowing her on the faculty would also mean letting her vote in the academic senate. Said Hilbert, "I do not see that the sex of the candidate is against her admission as a Privatdozent After all, the university senate is not a bathhouse." She was finally admitted to the faculty in

28. Noether's Theorem: Information From Answers.com noether s theorem noether s theorem is a central result in theoretical physicsthat expresses the max noether s theorem list of variational topics http://www.answers.com/topic/noether-s-theorem

showHide_TellMeAbout2('false'); Business Entertainment Games Health ... More... On this page: Wikipedia Mentioned In Or search: - The Web - Images - News - Blogs - Shopping Noether's theorem Wikipedia Noether's theorem Noether's theorem is a central result in theoretical physics that expresses the one-to-one correspondence between the symmetries and the conservation laws . This exact equivalence holds for all physical laws based upon the action principle defined over a symplectic space . It is named after the early 20th century mathematician Emmy Noether The word "symmetry" in the previous paragraph really means the covariance of the form that a physical law takes with respect to a one-dimensional Lie group of transformations which satisfies certain technical criteria. The conservation law of a physical quantity is usually expressed as a continuity equation The most important examples of the theorem are the following: the energy is conserved if and only if the physical laws are invariant under time translations (if their form does not depend on time) the momentum is conserved iff the physical laws are invariant under spatial translations (if the laws do not depend on the position) the angular momentum is conserved iff the physical laws are invariant under rotations (if the laws do not care about the orientation); if only some rotations are allowed, only the corresponding components of the angular momentum vector are conserved

29. Max Noether Start the max noether article. Search for max noether in other articles. Look formax noether in Wiktionary, our sister dictionary project. http://www.algebra.com/algebra/about/history/Max_Noether.wikipedia

Max Noether Regular View Dictionary View (all words explained) Algebra Help my dictionary with pronunciation , wikipedia etc Wikimedia needs your help in the final days of its fund drive. See our fundraising page The Red Cross and other charities also need your help. Max Noether Max Noether September 24 December 13 ) was a German mathematician . He worked on algebraic geometry He was the father of Emmy Noether External links Biography at the MacTutor archive This biographical article about a mathematician is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it Retrieved from " http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Noether Categories Mathematician stubs 1844 births ... 20th century mathematicians Views Article Discussion Edit this page History Personal tools Create account / log in Navigation Main Page Community portal Current events Recent changes ... Donations Search Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages ... Permanent link This page was last modified 03:05, 21 August 2005. All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License (see for details).

30. Emmy Noether In 1880, max. noether married Ida Kaufman who came from a wealthy Jewish family in Her father max noether was a distinguished algebraic geometer. http://www.math.sfu.ca/histmath/Europe/20thCenturyAD/Emmy.html

Emmy Noether In 1880, Max. Noether married Ida Kaufman who came from a wealthy Jewish family in Cologne. Together they had and raised four children. Emmy, the eldest, was born in Erlangen, Germany on March 23, 1882. Her father Max Noether was a distinguished algebraic geometer. Of the four children Emmy and her brother Fritz followed their father's footsteps and became mathematicians also. The Noether family belonged to the middle class in Erlangen. Emmy must have been brought up in a very loving and supportive environment for it was these qualities she carried throughout her live. As a child Emmy showed no signs of extraordinary ability in mathematics, nor did she concentrate on mathematics. From 1889 to 1897 she attended the Hohere Tochter Schule in Erlangen where with many other young women she studied French and English and learned to play the piano. Upon reaching womanhood she attended many parties and developed a love for dancing. In 1900, at the age of 18, she took the Bavarian State Examination to become a certified teacher of English and French. It would seem at this point that Emmy had completed her education for she had taken all the schooling that was deemed necessary for a young woman of her social class. It was at this time that Emmy broke away from the normal expectations of women and decided to take mathematics classes at the university of Erlangen. While nowadays women may attend university freely it was not easy for women to do so in the early years of this century. Women were allowed to audit courses, with the professor's permission, but were not allowed to write examinations.

31. Emmy Noether: Creative Mathematical Genius Ultimately max would become best known as Emmy noether s father. Amalie Emmynoether spent an average childhood learning the arts that were expected of http://www.sdsc.edu/ScienceWomen/noether.html

Contents Next Born: Erlangen, Germany, March 23, 1882 Died: Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, April 14, 1935 Creative Mathematical Genius I t might be that Emmy Noether was designed for mathematical greatness. Her father Max was a math professor at the University of Erlangen. Scholarship was in her family; two of her three brothers became scientists as well. Emmy would surpass them all. Ultimately Max would become best known as Emmy Noether's father. Amalie Emmy Noether spent an average childhood learning the arts that were expected of upper middle class girls. Girls were not allowed to attend the college preparatory schools. Instead, she went to a general "finishing school," and in 1900 was certified to teach English and French. But rather than teaching, she pursued a university education in mathematics Noether worked at the Mathematical Institute of Erlangen, without pay or title, from 1908 to 1915. It was during this time that she collaborated with the algebraist Ernst Otto Fischer and started work on the more general, theoretical algebra for which she would later be recognized. She also worked with the prominent mathematicians Hermann Minkowski, Felix Klein, and David Hilbert, whom she had met at Göttingen. In 1915 she joined the Mathematical Institute in Göttingen and started working with Klein and Hilbert on Einstein's general relativity theory. In 1918 she proved two theorems that were basic for both general relativity and elementary particle physics. One is still known as "Noether's Theorem."

32. The Mother Of Abstract Algebra (Emmy Noether) Her father, max noether, was a professor of Mathematics at the University ofErlangen. Initially her interests were mainly languages, and upon graduation of http://www.mathnews.uwaterloo.ca/BestOf/WomenInMath6906.html

The Mother of Abstract Algebra Of all of the women mathematicians, Emmy Noether is generally the best known. Often described as a loving, intelligent woman, she was impressive by many standards. She was faced with gender issues and political tensions in her lifetime, but her passion for mathematics remained strong. Amalie `Emmy' Noether was born in Erlangen Germany on March 23, 1882 and was the eldest of four children. Her father, Max Noether, was a professor of Mathematics at the University of Erlangen. Initially her interests were mainly languages, and upon graduation of high school she became eligible to teach French and English at a school for young girls. However, when she was 18 she became interested in mathematics. She was not allowed to enroll at the University at the time, because she was a woman. She was able to audit classes, and she did so for two years at the Universities of Erlangen and Gottingen. She worked closely with Paul Gordon, a friend at the University. Under his supervision, she wrote her doctoral thesis: On Complete Systems of Invariants for Ternary Biquadratic Forms . In 1907 she was granted a doctorate at Erlangen. After Gordon's retirement, she began to work with the algebraists Ernst Fischer and Erhard Schmidt on the topic of finite relational and integral bases. Around this time she periodically substituted for her father at the University.

33. Encyclopedia: Emmy Noether Her father, max noether, was a distinguished mathematician and a professor atErlangen. She did not show any early precocity at mathematics — as a http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Emmy-Noether

Supporter Benefits Signup Login Sources ... Pies Related Articles People who viewed "Emmy Noether" also viewed: Lasker_Noether theorem Noether's theorem Noetherian ring Ring theory ... Ch'in Chiu_Shao What's new? Our next offering Latest newsletter Student area Lesson plans Recent Updates Zeiss White Poplar Webmail Webb City, Oklahoma ... More Recent Articles Top Graphs Richest Most Murderous Most Taxed Most Populous ... More Stats Encyclopedia: Emmy Noether Updated 65 days 10 hours 35 minutes ago. Other descriptions of Emmy Noether Emmy Noether March 23 April 14 ) was one of the most talented mathematicians of the early 20th century , with penetrating insights that she used to develop elegant abstractions which she formalized beautifully. March 23 is the 82nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (83rd in Leap years). ... 1882 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... April 14 is the 104th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (105th in leap years). ... 1935 was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... A mathematician is a person whose area of study and research is mathematics. ...

34. Noether's Theorem noether was primarily an algebraicist (as was her father, max noether), but in1915 she was asked by David Hilbert for help in trying to understand the http://www.mathpages.com/home/kmath564/kmath564.htm

Noether’s Theorem The behavior of a physical system can often be expressed very elegantly in terms of a specific function, called the Lagrangian, of the system variables.  The system follows a path through phase space such that the integral of the Lagrangian is stationary.  (For more on this, see Lagrangian and Hamiltonian Mechanics .)  For a simple system with Lagrangian L of the variables q and  = dq/dt the equation of motion is This equation signifies that if the quantity on the right hand side is zero (meaning L is symmetrical over q), then the rate of change of the quantity in parentheses on the left side is also zero, so it is a conserved quantity.  The same applies to more complicated systems; in general any symmetry of the Lagrangian corresponds to a conserved quantity, and vice versa.  Despite the fact that the Euler-Lagrange equation is essentially an explicit statement of this proposition, it seems not to have been discussed and formalized as a theorem until 1915, by Emmy Noether (1882-1935), so it is now called Noether’s Theorem.  As an example, the classical Lagrangian of a free particle of mass m is simply L = (1/2)m , which depends only on , not on x, so we have dL/dx = 0, and it follows that  is constant, i.e., momentum is conserved.

35. KOVALEVSKY, S.(1850-1891) And NOETHER, A.E.(1882-1935) Her father, max noether(18441921), was a distinguished mathematician at the max noether was an algebraist, as was Paul Gordan (1837-1921) who also was http://library.thinkquest.org/22584/temh3005.htm

BACK Index of Development Graphic Version KOVALEVSKY, S.(1850-1891)and NOETHER, A.E.(1882-1935) Sophia Korvin-Krukovsky, later known as Sonja Kovalevsky, was born into a family of Russian nobility in Moscow in 1850. When she was seventeen, she went to St. Petersberg and studied calculus with a teacher of the naval school there. Barred because of her sex, from pursuing advanced studies in a Russian university, she contracted a nominal marriage with the sympathetic Vladimir Kovalevsky (later to become a noted In 1874, Sonja Kovalevsky was awarded, in absentia , the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Gottingen University and, because of the outstanding quality of a submitted paper on partial differential equations, was excused from taking the oral examination. In 1888, when thirty-eight years old she achieved her greatest success when the French Academy awarded her the prestigious Prix Bordin for her memoir "On the Problem of the Rotation of a Solid Body about a Fixed Point." Of the fifteen papers submitted for the prize. Kovalevsky's was judged the best;it was considered so exceptional that the prize was raised from 3000 francs to 5000 francs. From 1884 until her death in 1891, Kovalevsky served as a professor of higher mathematics at Stockholm University. Her motto was: "Say what you know, do what you must, come what may."

36. Emmy Amalie Noether Emmy noether s father, max noether, was a distinguished mathematician and aprofessor at Erlangen. In school, she studied German, English, French, http://www.stetson.edu/~efriedma/periodictable/html/No.html

Emmy Amalie Noether Emmy Noether's father, Max Noether, was a distinguished mathematician and a professor at Erlangen. In school, she studied German, English, French, arithmetic and was given piano lessons. She loved dancing and intended to become a language teacher. After further study of English and French, in 1900 she became a certificated teacher of English and French in Bavarian girls schools. Having completed her doctorate, the normal progression to an academic post would have been the habilitation. However this route was not open to women so Noether remained at Erlangen, helping her father. Noether also worked on her own research. Noether's reputation grew quickly as her publications appeared. In 1908, she was elected to the Circolo Matematico di Palermo, then in 1909 she was invited to become a member of the Deutsche Mathematiker Vereinigung and in the same year she was invited to address the annual meeting of the Society in Salzburg. In 1913 she lectured in Vienna. After 1919, Noether moved away from invariant theory to work on ideal theory, producing an abstract theory which helped develop ring theory into a major mathematical topic. This paper was of fundamental importance in the development of modern algebra. In this paper she gave the decomposition of ideals into intersections of primary ideals in any commutative ring with ascending chain condition. Lasker (the world chess champion) had already proved this result for polynomial rings.

37. Emmy Noether Research Group: Evolution Of Circumstellar Dust Disks max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg Head of Emmy noether ResearchGroup The evolution of circumstellar dust disks to planetary systems http://www.mpia.de/homes/swolf/homepage2/swolf-cv.html

Sebastian Wolf Emmy Noether Research Group (Head) Curriculum Vitae Sebastian Wolf Dr. rer. nat. Emmy Noether Research Group Max Planck Institute for Astronomy Königstuhl 17 69117 Heidelberg (Germany) Phone: +49-(0)6221-528-406 Fax: +49-(0)6221 528-246 Email: swolf@mia.de URL: www.mpia.de/homes/swolf Positions / Employment since 01/2004 Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg Head of Emmy Noether Research Group "The evolution of circumstellar dust disks to planetary systems" California Institute of Technology, Pasadena (USA) Postdoctoral Research Associate Jet Propulsion Laborarory / Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (NASA), Pasadena (USA) Postdoctoral Research Associate Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg Postdoctoral Research Associate Thuringian State Observatory Tautenburg, Postdoctoral Research Associate European Southern Observatory, Santiago de Chile, Visiting Scientist Thuringian State Observatory Tautenburg, Research Assistant Military Service Education Doctor of Natural Sciences (Dr. rer. nat)

38. Emmy Noether Research Group: Evolution Of Circumstellar Dust Disks Sebastian Wolf. Emmy noether Research Group (Head). Talks Lectures max PlanckInstitute for Radio Astronomy, Bonn, 1997 / 2000 / 2004 http://www.mpia.de/homes/swolf/homepage2/swolf-talks.html

Sebastian Wolf Emmy Noether Research Group (Head) 1. Workshop "Grand Challenge Problems in Computational Astrophysics. Workshop IV: Transfer Phenomena", Institute for Pure and Applied Mathematics (IPAM), University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), May 16-20, 2005, Invited Talk 2. ESO Workshop "The Power of Optical/Infrared Interferometry: Recent Scientific Results and Second Generation VLTI Instrumentation", ESO Garching, April 4-8, 2005 3. Conference "The Dusty and Molecular Universe - A prelude to Herschel and ALMA", October 27-29, 2004, Paris (France) 4. Workshop "Chemistry of Protoplanetary Disks: Algorithms and Results", October 11-13, 2004, Heidelberg 5. Workshop "Planet Formation", Münster, October 6-8, 2004 6. 37th Liege International Astrophysical Colloquium "Science Case for Next Generation Optical / Infrared Interferometric Facility - The post VLTI era", Liege (Belgium), August 23-25, 2004, Invited Talk 7. Workshop "Modelling the Structure, Chemistry and Appearance of Protoplanetary Disks", Ringberg Castle, April 13-17, 2004 8. Conference "Astronomical Polarimetry - Current Status and Future Directions", Hawaii (USA), March 15-19, 2004

39. Re: Noether's Mathematical Achievements (Was: A Quality Index For Physic There was another noether (her father?), a max noether. In Van der Warden s book,there appears a so called noether s theorem (for polynomial ideals and http://www.lns.cornell.edu/spr/2000-05/msg0024644.html

Date Prev Date Next Thread Prev Thread Next ... Thread Index Re: Noether's Mathematical Achievements (Was: A quality index for physical theory) Subject : Re: Noether's Mathematical Achievements (Was: A quality index for physical theory) From : archi@csstupc28.cs.nyu.edu Date : 04 May 2000 00:00:00 GMT Approved : spr@rosencrantz.stcloudstate.edu (sci.physics.research) Newsgroups : sci.physics.research Organization : New York University References 8ejkme$4nh$1@info.service.rug.nl 8eoh8o$pm7@gap.cco.caltech.edu References Re: A quality index for physical theory From: helbig@astro.rug.nl (Phillip Helbig) Noether's Mathematical Achievements (Was: A quality index for physical theory) From: toby@ugcs.caltech.edu (Toby Bartels) Prev by Date: Re: is energy still strictly conserved?wierd examples Next by Date: Re: The problematical nature of photon spin Prev by thread: Noether's Mathematical Achievements (Was: A quality index for physical theory) Next by thread: Re: Noether's Mathematical Achievements (Was: A quality index for Index(es): Date Thread

40. Noether, Emmy --  Encyclopædia Britannica noether, Emmy German mathematician whose innovations in higher algebra gained her Includes list of relevant articles and links. max noether http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9056031

Home Browse Newsletters Store ... Subscribe Already a member? Log in Content Related to this Topic This Article's Table of Contents Emmy Noether Print this Table of Contents Shopping Price: USD $1495 Revised, updated, and still unrivaled. The Official Scrabble Players Dictionary (Hardcover) Price: USD $15.95 The Scrabble player's bible on sale! Save 30%. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary Price: USD $19.95 Save big on America's best-selling dictionary. Discounted 38%! More Britannica products Noether, (Amalie) Emmy  Encyclopædia Britannica Article Page 1 of 1 Emmy Noether born March 23, 1882, Erlangen, Ger. died April 14, 1935, Bryn Mawr, Pa., U.S. German mathematician whose innovations in higher algebra gained her recognition as the most creative abstract algebraist of modern times. Noether, Emmy... (75 of 438 words) var mm = [["Jan.","January"],["Feb.","February"],["Mar.","March"],["Apr.","April"],["May","May"],["June","June"],["July","July"],["Aug.","August"],["Sept.","September"],["Oct.","October"],["Nov.","November"],["Dec.","December"]]; To cite this page: MLA style: "Noether, Emmy."

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