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         Noether Emmy:     more books (47)
  1. Emmy Noether: The Mother of Modern Algebra by M. B. W. Tent, 2008-10-17
  2. Emmy Noether's Wonderful Theorem by Dwight E. Neuenschwander, 2010-12-09
  3. The Noether Theorems: Invariance and Conservation Laws in the Twentieth Century (Sources and Studies in the History of Mathematics and Physical Sciences) by Yvette Kosmann-Schwarzbach, 2010-11-30
  4. Emmy Noether: 1882-1935 by Auguste Dick, 1981-06
  5. A History of Algebra: From al-Khwarizmi to Emmy Noether by Bartel L. van der Waerden, 1990-01-23
  6. EMMY NOETHER A WOMAN OF GREATN by Marcia Bohn, 2005-06-01
  7. Emmy Noether: A Tribute to Her Life and Work (Monographs and Textbooks in Pure and Applied Mathematics, V. 69) by Martha K. Smith, James W. Brewer, 1981-11-01
  8. Emmy Noether in Bryn Mawr: Proceedings of a Symposium in Honor of Emmy Noether's 100th Birthday
  9. Über Die Bildung Des Formensystems Der Ternären Biquadratischen Formen ... (German Edition) by Emmy Noether, 2010-03-31
  10. Uber Die Bildung Des Formensystems Der Ternaren Biquadratischen Form (1908) (German Edition) by Emmy Noether, 2010-05-23
  11. Women Mathematicians: Ada Lovelace, Maria Gaetana Agnesi, Sophie Germain, Grace Hopper, Hypatia, Emmy Noether, Sofia Kovalevskaya
  12. Emmy Noether by Hermann Weyl, 1935
  13. Algebraists: Max August Zorn, Lodovico Ferrari, Alexander Anderson, Hermann Grassmann, Emmy Noether, Bartel Leendert Van Der Waerden
  14. University of Erlangen-Nuremberg Alumni: Georg Ohm, Louis Agassiz, Justus Von Liebig, Hans Geiger, Emmy Noether, Ludwig Tieck

81. Biographie : Emmy Noether (25 Mars 1882 [Erlangen] - 14 Avril 1935 [Pennsylvanie
Translate this page emmy noether (25 mars 1882 Erlangen - 14 avril 1935 Pennsylvanie). Née le 23mars 1882 à Erlangen, emmy noether est probablement la plus grande
http://www.bibmath.net/bios/index.php3?action=affiche&quoi=enoether

82. Emmy-Noether-Gymnasium Erlangen
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http://www.emmy-noether-gymnasium.de/
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83. Plaza Of Heroines - Emmy Noether
Paver Area 22. emmy noether (18821935) is known for her work in abstract algebraand algebraic geometry. She studied the invariants of biquadratic forms,
http://www.las.iastate.edu/kiosk/2436.shtml
Search Plaza of Heroines Plaza of Heroines Last Name Index
A
B C D ... Z Emmy Noether Paver Area 22 Emmy Noether (1882-1935) is known for her work in abstract algebra and algebraic geometry. She studied the invariants of biquadratic forms, rings with finite bases, and the theory of ideals. Rings and modules that satisfy the ascending chain condition are now called "Noetherian" in her honor.
The great David Hilbert tried to have Emmy Noether become a Privatdozent at the University of Gottingen around 1915. The Philosophical Faculty, however, objected to having a woman as Privatdozent. They argued, "Having become a Privatdozent, she can then become a professor and a member of the University Senate. Is it permitted that a woman enter the Senate?" "What will our soldiers think when they return to the University and find that they are expected to learn at the feet of a woman?"*
Hilbert argued back: "Meine Herren, I do not see that the sex of the candidate is an argument against her admission as a Privatdozent. After all, the Senate is not a bath-house."
Hilbert did not obtain the required approval. Instead, lectures were announced under his name but were actually presented by Emmy Noether. In 1919 Noether was finally admitted as an academic lecturer.

84. Doc List -Author
noether, emmy, Invariante Variationprobleme, noether, emmy, 1918, Scientific paper.noether, emmy, Invariant Variation Problems, noether, emmy, 1918
http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/lists/accDB_au.html
List of Documents
(by author)

Author Title Subject Year Description -A- Alvarez, Luis Sulamith Goldhaber (1923-1965) Goldhaber, Sulamith Obituary Ayrton, Hertha The Origin and Growth of Ripple-mark. Ayrton, Hertha Scientific paper -B- Title Subject Year Description Blau, Marietta On the photographic effects of natural H-rays Blau, Marietta Scientific paper (trans.) Bolt, Bruce Inge Lehmann Lehmann, Inge Biographical memoir Brooks, Harriet A Volatile Product from Radium Brooks, Harriet Scientific paper Burbidge, E. Margaret Adventure into Space Burbidge, E. Margaret Published article Byers, Nina E. Noether's Discovery of the Deep Connection Between Symmentries and Conservation Laws Noether, Emmy Published article Byers, Nina Overview on women's education in England and the United States 1600 - 1900 Brief History* -C- Title Subject Year Description Christiansen, C.; Prytz, K. Kristine Meyer: Recepient of the Gold Medal of the Royal Danish Academy of Science and Letters Meyer, Kirstine Bjerrum Citation Crennell, Kate; Lynden-Bell, Ruth Citation for Honorary Degree of Doctor of Science - Foreward by Kate Crennell Megaw, Helen BCA Notice Curie, Marie

85. Doc List-Title
Invariant Variation Problems, noether, emmy, noether, emmy, 1918, Scientificpaper (trans.) Invariante Variationprobleme, noether, emmy, noether, emmy
http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/lists/accDB_ti.html
Document List
(by title)

Title Author Subjects Year Description -A- A Tribute to Dr. Franklin Stanley, W.M. Franklin, Rosalind Published article A Volatile Product from Radium Brooks, Harriet Brooks, Harriet Scientific paper Adventure into Space Burbidge, E. Margaret Burbidge, E. Margaret Published article An account of the history of the Ayrton fan Trotter, A. P. Ayrton, Hertha Historical account* -B- Author Subjects Year Description Bertha Jeffreys Williams, Ruth Jeffreys, Bertha Swirles Obituary Biographical Sketch by Sandra M. Faber Faber, Sandra M. Faber, Sandra M. Brief autobiography* -C- Author Subjects Year Description Chien-Shiung Wu, 84, Top Experimental Physicist Dicke, William Wu, Chien-Shiung Obituary Citation for Honorary Degree of Doctor of Science - Foreward by Kate Crennell Crennell, Kate; Lynden-Bell, Ruth Megaw, Helen Citation Citation for Honorary Degree of Doctor of Science Lynden-Bell, Ruth Megaw, Helen BCA Notice Crystal Statistics II: Bruria Kaufman Kaufman, Bruria Kaufman, Bruria Scientific paper Crystal Statistics III: Short-Range Order in a Binary Ising Lattice Kaufman, Bruria; Onsager, Lars Kaufman, Bruria

86. KOVALEVSKY, S.(1850-1891) And NOETHER, A.E.(1882-1935)
Amalie emmy noether, one of the most outstanding mathematicians in the field of It is no wonder that emmy noether, who studied at the University,
http://library.thinkquest.org/22584/temh3005.htm
BACK Index of Development Graphic Version
KOVALEVSKY, S.(1850-1891)and
NOETHER, A.E.(1882-1935)
Sophia Korvin-Krukovsky, later known as Sonja Kovalevsky, was born into a family of Russian nobility in Moscow in 1850. When she was seventeen, she went to St. Petersberg and studied calculus with a teacher of the naval school there. Barred because of her sex, from pursuing advanced studies in a Russian university, she contracted a nominal marriage with the sympathetic Vladimir Kovalevsky (later to become a noted
In 1874, Sonja Kovalevsky was awarded, in absentia , the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Gottingen University and, because of the outstanding quality of a submitted paper on partial differential equations, was excused from taking the oral examination. In 1888, when thirty-eight years old she achieved her greatest success when the French Academy awarded her the prestigious Prix Bordin for her memoir "On the Problem of the Rotation of a Solid Body about a Fixed Point." Of the fifteen papers submitted for the prize. Kovalevsky's was judged the best;it was considered so exceptional that the prize was raised from 3000 francs to 5000 francs.
From 1884 until her death in 1891, Kovalevsky served as a professor of higher mathematics at Stockholm University. Her motto was: "Say what you know, do what you must, come what may."

87. Alibris: B L Van Der Waerden
by Waerden, BL van der, and Artin, Emil, and noether, emmy buy used from $59.95!4. Cover may not depict edition offered for sale
http://www.alibris.com/search/books/author/Van Der Waerden, B L
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my email address unsubscribe here your shopping cart order status wish list ... help browse BOOKS Your search: Books Author: Van Der Waerden, B L (8 matching titles) Narrow your results by: Hardcover Softcover First edition With dustjacket ... Eligible for FREE shipping Narrow results by title Narrow results by author Narrow results by subject Narrow results by keyword Narrow results by publisher or refine further Sometimes it pays off to expand your search to view all available copies of books matching your search terms. Page of 1 sort results by Top-Selling Used Price New Price Title Author Sources of Quantum Mechanics more books like this by Van Der Waerden, B L (Editor), and Waerden most important early papers by Einstein, Bohr, Born, Heisenberg, Dirac and Paulicovering period from 1917-26.

88. Alibris: B L Van Der Waerden
by Waerden, BL van der, and Artin, Emil, and noether, emmy buy used from $59.95!5. Science awakening. more books like this by Waerden, BL van der
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my email address unsubscribe here your shopping cart order status wish list ... help browse BOOKS Your search: Books Author: Waerden, B L van der (8 matching titles) Narrow your results by: Hardcover Softcover First edition With dustjacket ... Eligible for FREE shipping Narrow results by title Narrow results by author Narrow results by subject Narrow results by keyword Narrow results by publisher or refine further Sometimes it pays off to expand your search to view all available copies of books matching your search terms. Page of 1 sort results by Top-Selling Used Price New Price Title Author Sources of Quantum Mechanics more books like this by Van Der Waerden, B L (Editor), and Waerden most important early papers by Einstein, Bohr, Born, Heisenberg, Dirac and Paulicovering period from 1917-26.

89. Nat' Academies Press, Nobel Prize Women In Science: Their Lives, Struggles, And
3763, 4 emmy noether, pp. 64-90, 5 Gerty Radnitz Cori, pp. 91-116, 6 IreneJoliot-Curie, pp. 7 chapters found with a hit on emmy noether .
http://www.nap.edu/booksearch.php?term=emmy noether&isbn=0309072700

90. Emmy Noether 1882 - 1935
Translate this page emmy noether intensiviert ihre Kontakte zu Felix Klein und David Hilbert in Die Zusammenarbeit gestaltet sich so positiv, daß emmy noether bleibt.
http://www.mathematik.uni-wuerzburg.de/Noether/
Dokumentation zur Ausstellung:
Leben und Werk der Mathematikerin
Emmy Noether
Texte: Herkunft und Schulzeit Wissenschaftliche Erfolge Abitur und Studium Diskriminierung ... Bildnachweis
Herkunft und Schulzeit
Kampf um die Zulassung von Frauen zum Studium
Abitur und Studium
Erste wissenschaftliche Arbeiten
Habilitation Exkurs. Es folgt Quellen- und Archivmaterial zum Habilitationsverfahren von Emmy Noether. Alle Texte werden zitiert nach Tollmien (vgl. Literatur). Aus dem Antrag der math.-naturwissenschaftlichen Abteilung Eure Exzellenz
(vgl. Tollmien, S.163) Am 5. 11.1917 schreibt das Ministerium:
(vgl. Tollmien, S.181) Diskussion zu der Frage der Habilitation von Frauen
(vgl. Tollmien, S.168)
(vgl. Tollmien, S.168f) F. Klein schreibt Anfang 1916 an D. Hilbert:
(vgl. Tollmien, S.192) Hilbert schreibt in seinem Gutachten zur Habilitation:
(vgl. Tollmien, S.177) E. Landau schreibt am 1.8.1915 in seinem Gutachten zur Habilitation von Emmy Noether:
(vgl. Tollmien, S.176) A. Einstein schreibt am 24.5.1918 in einem Brief an Hilbert:
(vgl. Tollmien, S.193)

91. Emmy-Noether-Campus
Translate this page emmy-noether-Campus. Click on picture to get a map of the location!
http://www.xtremes.math.uni-siegen.de/reiss/campus.htm
Emmy-Noether-Campus
Click on picture to get a map of the location!

92. TU Chemnitz, Fakultät Für Mathematik, Emmy-Noether Nachwuchs...
Translate this page TU Chemnitz, Fakultät für Mathematik, emmy-noether Nachwuchsgruppe, emmy-noetherNachwuchsgruppe, emmy-noether Nachwuchsgruppe.
http://www.tu-chemnitz.de/mathematik/schroedinger/index.php
TU Chemnitz Fakultät für Mathematik Emmy-Noether Nachwuchsgruppe Emmy-Noether Nachwuchsgruppe Mitarbeiter/members Lehre/teaching Research/Forschung People in Mathematical Physics ... Homepages
Junior Research Group
''Spectral properties of random Schrödinger operators and random operators on manifolds and graphs''
within the Emmy Noether Program of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) at the Department of Mathematics at the TU Chemnitz Link to the homepage of the project with the DFG. The grant numbers of the project are Ve 253/2-1 and 2-2.
Mailing address: TU Chemnitz, Fakultät für Mathematik, D-09107 Chemnitz
Fax: +49-371-531-2141
Nachwuchsgruppe
im Emmy Noether Programm der DFG an der Fakultät für Mathematik der TU Chemnitz Verweis auf die Heimseite des Projektes bei der DFG. Es wird gefördert unter den Geschäftzeichen Ve 253/2-1 und 2-2.
Anschrift: TU Chemnitz, Fakultät für Mathematik, 09107 Chemnitz
Fax: +49-371-531-2141

01. September 2005
Impressum
Druckansicht

93. Einstein Archives Online - Contents Of Folder 24-4
Translate this page Get full record from archival database, 24-172.00, 01/07/1926, noether, emmy,Einstein, Albert. Get full record from archival database, 24-173.00
http://www.alberteinstein.info/db/ViewFolder.do?folder=24-4

94. The Mathematics Of Truth And Beauty: Emmy Noether, Symmetry And The Seduction Of
60.01 The Mathematics of Truth and Beauty emmy noether, Symmetry and theSeduction of a Science Writer. KC Cole (LA Times)
http://www.aas.org/publications/baas/v30n2/aas192/abs/S060001.html
Previous abstract Next abstract Session 60 - Committee on the Status of Women in Astronomy.
Committee, Oral session, Wednesday, June 10
DeAnza/Mesa,
[60.01] The Mathematics of Truth and Beauty: Emmy Noether, Symmetry and the Seduction of a Science Writer
K. C. Cole (LA Times) The universe is a complicated place, and journalists, astronomers, philosophers and poets are all preoccupied with trying to make sense of it. Curiously, many people outside the sciences do not make use of one of the most powerful tools available: the language of mathematics. Mathematics brings surprising clarity to an astonishing range of issues, from cosmic questions (the fate of the universe), to social controversy (race and IQ scores) to matters of public policy (voting and fairness). These tools are easily accessible to lay peopleincluding even reporters, and females, despite persistent assumptions to the contrary. This writer, in particular became entranced by the connection between fundamental laws of nature and symmetry established by the mathematician Emmy Noetherand its implications "outside the walls" of science. Program listing for Wednesday

95. Biografía De Emmy Noether
Translate this page Difusión científica. Biografías de astrónomos, físicos y matemáticos destacados.
http://www.astrocosmo.cl/biografi/b-e_noether.htm
Emmy Amalie Noether
Nacida el
23 de marzo de 1882,
en
Erlangen, Bavaria, Alemania,
Fallecida el
14 de abril de 1935,
en
Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, USA.
Emmy Amalie Noether , era la mayor de cuatro hermanos y podría, con legitimidad, decirse que tenía una vocación innata para las matemáticas. Su padre Max era un distinguido profesor de matemáticas en la Universidad de Erlangen. Su madre Ida Kauffmann pertenecía a una rica familia de Colonia. Ambos padres de Emmy eran de origen judío. Se trataba de una familia que, de una manera u otra, compartieron intereses asimiles; dos de sus tres hermanos hombres fueron también científicos. Pero Emmy los sobrepasó a todos. Max, su padre, fue más conocido por los méritos de su hija que por los propios.
Emmy Noether fue alumna en la escuela Höhere Töchter Schule en Erlangen a partir de 1889 hasta 1897. Allí estudió alemán, inglés, francés, aritmética y recibió lecciones de piano. Amaba el baile y le gustaba participar de las fiestas que organizaban los hijos de los colegas de la universidad de su padre. En esa etapa de su vida, sus aspiraciones se centraban en ser profesora de idiomas y después de estudiar inglés y francés rindió su examen final, recibiendo, en 1900, su certificado de profesora de inglés y francés para ejercer en las escuelas para señoritas del estado de Bavaria.
Sin embargo, Emmy Noether nunca sintió que su real vocación era la de ser maestra de idiomas. Aspiraba a otra carrera. En consecuencia, decidió tomar, en aquella época, el difícil camino para una mujer de estudiar matemáticas en la universidad. Asiste como una de las dos mujeres alumnas oyentes entre miles de hombres en la Universidad de Erlangen. Entonces, en Alemania, las mujeres solamente eran aceptadas extraoficialmente en las universidades y debían solicitar permiso a cada profesor de cátedra para asistir a sus clases. En ese régimen de estudio estuvo en Erlangen desde 1900 a 1902. En 1903, después de rendir un examen de admisión en Nürnberg, va a la Universidad de Göttingen también en calidad de alumna oyente. En los años que estuvo en ese establecimiento universitario asiste a conferencias dadas por Blumenthal, Hilbert , Klein y Minkowski.

96. MSN Encarta - Noether, Emmy
Translate this page noether, emmy (Erlangen 1882 - Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania 1935), matematica tedescanota per il Altre risorse di Encarta. Cerca in Encarta noether, emmy
http://it.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761555779/Noether_Emmy.html
  • MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Migliora la tua esperienza con Encarta Cerca in Encarta
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97. Idw - "Exzellenzinitiative" In Potsdam - Viertes Emmy Noether-Jahrestreffen Der
Translate this page 170 im emmy noether-Programm Geförderte diskutierten darüber, Er trifft dieGeförderten im emmy noether-Programm am Ende der DFG-Förderung oder - was
http://idw-online.de/pages/de/news122330
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Kostenlose Angebote Abonnement abschließen RSS-Feed konfigurieren Nachrichtenticker Suche im idw-Archiv ... Adressbuch Besondere Angebote Für Journalisten Für Pressestellen wissenschaftlicher Einrichtungen Informationsdienst Wissenschaft Sie sind hier: Home > Pressemitteilung: "Exzellenzinitiative" in Potsdam - ...
"Exzellenzinitiative" in Potsdam - Viertes Emmy Noether-Jahrestreffen der DFG
Veröffentlicht am: Veröffentlicht von: Dr. Jutta Rateike
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)
Kategorie: überregional
weitere Veranstaltungen, wissenschaftliche Tagungen
nicht fachbezogen Druckansicht
Zum vierten Mal kamen auf Einladung der DFG herausragende junge Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler in Potsdam zusammen. 170 im Emmy Noether-Programm Geförderte diskutierten darüber, was exzellente Forschung möglich macht. Zentrale Themen waren der Wechsel von der C- zur W-Besoldung für Professoren, die "Tenure Track"-Option und die Prüfungserlaubnis. Zum vierten Mal kamen auf Einladung der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) herausragende junge Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler in Potsdam zusammen. Vom 15. bis 17. Juli 2005 diskutierten 170 im Emmy Noether-Programm geförderte Stipendiatinnen und Stipendiaten, Nachwuchsgruppenleiterinnen und -leiter untereinander und mit Vertretern der Politik darüber, was exzellente Forschung möglich macht. In themenorientierten und fachlichen Workshops tauschten sie sich die über Probleme und Chancen des Programms aus, das einen Weg zu früher wissenschaftlicher Selbstständigkeit eröffnen soll. In einer Abendveranstaltung debattierten Vertreter des Bundes und der Länder zusammen mit einem Hochschulleiter und einer Nachwuchswissenschaftlerin zum Thema "Forschung - Freiheit - Föderalismus".

98. Emmy Noether In Erlangen
See emmy noether in Erlangen by Alice Silverberg, in the Mathematical Intelligencer23, no. 3 (2001), 4449. Here are some additional documents and photos
http://www.math.ohio-state.edu/~silver/noether/
EMMY NOETHER IN ERLANGEN
See "Emmy Noether in Erlangen" by Alice Silverberg, in the Mathematical Intelligencer , no. 3 (2001), 44-49.
Here are some additional documents and photos, that did not appear in the article.
Noether Birthplace in May of 2001 (after renovation)
Click here for plaque Click here for birthplace doorway Click here for birthplace Click here for birthplace
Three pages from Noether's Dissertation Click here for cover page Click here for Lebenslauf Click here for first page
German newspaper report about Noether birthplace plaque Click here for first page of newspaper article Click here for second page of newspaper article
Erlangen Jewish Cemetery Click here for Alfred Noether's grave Click here for Robert Noether's grave Click here for a view of the cemetery Click here for book excerpt about graves
School building (Friedrichstrasse 35, now Sing- und Musikschule) Click here for front of school building Click here for another view from the front Click here for view from the back
Marie-Therese-Gymnasium (Schillerstrasse 12), successor to school Noether attended Click here for plaque Click here for doorway Click here for doorway Click here for view of school
Emmy-Noether-Gymnasium (Noetherstrasse) Click here for school information board Click here for a Noetherstrasse street sign
Old University Library (Schuhstrasse) Click here for view of library
Click here for view from Schlossgarten
Erlangen Mathematics Institute (Bismarckstrasse 1 1/2) Click here for view of Erlangen Mathematics Institute

99. Emmy
emmy was born in Germany in 1882. Her father, Max noether, was a professor of noether, GE, emmy noether (18821935) , in Women of Mathematics A
http://www.roma.unisa.edu.au/07305/emmy.htm
Emmy Noether
Background
Emmy was born in Germany in 1882. Her father, Max Noether, was a professor of mathematics at Erlangen. During this time, women were unofficially allowed to study at university, so she attended lectures given by her father. In December 1907 she received her Ph.D. in mathematics. She then worked for no salary at the University of Erlangen, doing research and lecturing (Noether 1987). During WW1 (1916) Klein and Hilbert invited Emmy to help in defining one of Einstein's theories at the University of Gottingen. She accepted and soon afterwards began lecturing unofficially. It was not until 1919 that she formally became an academic lecturer. She quickly accumulated a small following of students known as Noether's boys. Many of these students went on to become great mathematicians (Taylor 1995).
Contributions
Emmy helped to alter the face of algebra. She is best known for her contributions to a part of algebra called abstract algebra. Abstract algebra is completely different from the early algebra of equation solving, as it deals with the formal properties of equations, such as associativity, commutativity and distributivity properties (ed. Gillispie 1970 p.138). Emmy did her greatest work later in life. It was not until 1920, when she was 38, that her true talents were acknowledged. This was after she coauthored a paper on differential operators, which showed her strong interest in the conceptual axiomatic approach (Noether 1987).

100. EMMY NOETHER Outstanding Mathematician
Professor emmy noether (1882 1935) outstanding, famous woman in history ofmathematics. emmy noether (March 23, 1882 - April 14, 1935)
http://www.cosy.sbg.ac.at/~jpfalz/ENOETHER.html
EMMY NOETHER Outstanding Mathematician
Professor EMMY NOETHER (1882 - 1935) outstanding, famous woman in history of mathematics.
Emmy Noether (March 23, 1882 - April 14, 1935)
The only daughter of the distinguished mathematician and Erlangen University professor Max Noether first tended towards languages and took an exam for teaching French and English (1900). Three years later she turned to studying mathematics at the universities of Göttingen and Erlangen, where she was granted a doctorate (1907). Though highly acknowledged by the mathematicians of her time she, nevertheless, had to surmount huge obstacles before being admitted to habilitation - not open to women then - and allowed to teach under her own name (1919). Fortunately, two of the most prominent and important mathematicians of that century, David Hilbert and Felix Klein, supported Emmy Noether decisively.
In 1922 she received the title "außerordentlicher Professor" (adjunct, not-ordinary professor), but still no salary to live on. Until 1923, when her lecturing began to be paid, she had not obtained any income from her scientific work and had faced severe economic problems. Being of Jewish origin, she had to emigrate in 1933 and accepted a visiting professorship in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, USA, where she died. In recognition of her outstanding mathematical contributions, especially in the development of modern algebra, Emmy Noether achieved numerous honours.
It was Emmy Noether who proposed to introduce the concept of

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