41. Emmy Noether: Creative Mathematical Genius It might be that emmy noether was designed for mathematical greatness. Amalie emmy noether spent an average childhood learning the arts that were http://www.sdsc.edu/ScienceWomen/noether.html

Contents Next Born: Erlangen, Germany, March 23, 1882 Died: Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, April 14, 1935 Creative Mathematical Genius I t might be that Emmy Noether was designed for mathematical greatness. Her father Max was a math professor at the University of Erlangen. Scholarship was in her family; two of her three brothers became scientists as well. Emmy would surpass them all. Ultimately Max would become best known as Emmy Noether's father. Amalie Emmy Noether spent an average childhood learning the arts that were expected of upper middle class girls. Girls were not allowed to attend the college preparatory schools. Instead, she went to a general "finishing school," and in 1900 was certified to teach English and French. But rather than teaching, she pursued a university education in mathematics Noether worked at the Mathematical Institute of Erlangen, without pay or title, from 1908 to 1915. It was during this time that she collaborated with the algebraist Ernst Otto Fischer and started work on the more general, theoretical algebra for which she would later be recognized. She also worked with the prominent mathematicians Hermann Minkowski, Felix Klein, and David Hilbert, whom she had met at Göttingen. In 1915 she joined the Mathematical Institute in Göttingen and started working with Klein and Hilbert on Einstein's general relativity theory. In 1918 she proved two theorems that were basic for both general relativity and elementary particle physics. One is still known as "Noether's Theorem."

42. Biographie: Emmy Noether, 1882-1935 Translate this page März Amalie emmy noether wird in Erlangen als Tochter des Mathematikers Maxnoether und seiner Frau Ida (geb. Kaufmann) geboren. http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/NoetherEmmy/

Emmy Noether Mathematikerin Sie wird Mitglied in der "Deutschen Mathematiker Vereinigung". Sie entwickelt ihre Theorie über Invarianten und Differentialvarianten, das "Noethersche Theorem". Da Frauen in der Weimarer Republik Ihre in der "Mathematischen Zeitschrift" publizierte Abhandlung "Moduln in nichtkommutativen Bereichen, insbesondere aus Differential- und Differenzen-Ausdrücken" macht sie als Mathematikerin bekannt. Sie setzt sich besonders mit der allgemeinen Idealtheorie, speziell in Ringbereichen, auseinander und entwickelt den "Noetherschen Ring". Nationalsozialisten Ihre wichtige Studie "Nichtkommutative Algebra" erscheint. 14. April: Emmy Noether stirbt in Bryn Mawr. (si/lh)

43. Exponat: Photo: Noether, Emmy Translate this page Abbildung emmy noether Photographie. http://www.dhm.de/lemo/objekte/pict/noether/

Emmy Noether Photographie

44. Emmy Noether – FemBio: Frau Der Woche http://www.fembio.org/frauen-biographie/emmy-noether.shtml

Anzeige Volltext-Suche Biographien Datenbank Profil-Suche Fem-Biographien Berufe ... Week's Woman Die aktuelle Glosse Kanzlerkandidatin zum ersten Laudatio zum Frauen-Buch-Tip Frauen-Musik-Tip ... Surf-Tips Anzeige ImmobilienScout 24 Immobilie der Woche Frauen-Biographie der Woche: Emmy Noether gestorben am 14. April 1935 in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania deutsche Mathematikerin An dem "Fall Noether" läßt sich die grausame Borniertheit der deutschen Männer-Universität exemplarisch nachweisen. "Als Emmy Noether 1935 ... starb, galt sie nicht nur als Begründerin der modernen axiomatischen Algebra, sondern als die bedeutendste Mathematikerin, die je gelebt hat, und an dieser Einschätzung hat sich bis heute nichts geändert", schreibt ihre Biographin Tollmien. Aber die geniale Mathematikerin bekam an deutschen Universitäten nie mehr als einen kleinen Lehrauftrag. Sie starb mit 53 Jahren im amerikanischen Exil. Ab 1904/5 studierte sie in Erlangen bei ihrem Vater und seinem Freund Gordan als einzige Frau unter 47 Mathematikstudenten und promovierte 1907 summa cum laude. Danach lehrte und forschte sie acht Jahre lang unentgeltlich in Erlangen. 1909 wurde sie Mitglied der "Deutschen Mathematikervereinigung" und hielt ihren ersten Vortrag auf deren Jahresversammlung. Luise F. Pusch

45. Peptide Group Staff and projects focusing on peptide microsystems at Freiburg, Germany. http://www.imtek.de/cpi/peptide-group.htm

Emmy Noether Research Group "peptide microsystems" ... funded through the Emmy Noether Program of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) Contact Dr. Markus Biesalski University of Freiburg IMTEK - Institute for Microsystem Technology Georges-Koehler-Allee 103 / Rm 00 105 D-79110 Freiburg Germany Tel.: ++49 (0)761 203 - 7163 (office) Fax: ++49 (0)761 203 - 7162 e-mail: biesalsk@imtek.uni-freiburg.de People Dr. Markus Biesalski group leader Tel. ext. 7163, biesalsk@imtek.uni-freiburg.de Julien Couet PhD student Peptide templated polymer nanostructures Tel. ext. 7428, couet@imtek.uni-freiburg.de Sidar Duman PhD student Peptide functional microsystems Tel. ext. 7428, duman@imtek.uni-freiburg.de Kamlesh Shroff PhD student Biomimetic interfaces Tel.: ext. 7428

46. Biografía Matemáticos: Emmy Noether (1/4) Translate this page Página dedicada a la biografía emmy noether, matemática alemana del siglo XIX-XX. http://www.divulgamat.net/weborriak/Historia/MateOspetsuak/Noether.asp

Textos on-line Exposiciones virtuales Recursos en Internet Emmy Noether (1 de 4) Adela Salvador Alcaide, Profesora Titular de Universidad, U. P. Madrid, E. T. S. I. Caminos Quiénes somos Sugerencias Agradecimientos Homenajes ... Noticias DivulgaMAT

47. NOETHER, AMALIE EMMY noether, AMALIE emmy . Mathematician, (1882 1935). She was a mathematician inthe first half of the 20th century, receiving her Ph.D. from the University http://www.astr.ua.edu/4000WS/NOETHER.html

NOETHER, AMALIE "EMMY" Mathematician, (1882 - 1935) She was a mathematician in the first half of the 20th century, receiving her Ph.D. from the University of Erlangen in 1907. Her work in group theory, ring theory, group representations and number theory was fundamental to further mathematical principles and would prove useful to physicists and crystallographers. Early in her career she was not permitted to hold a paid position, so she taught for no pay so that she could use the university facilities for her work. For a short time, she even had to teach under the name of David Hilbert, whom she worked with at Gottingen University. With the rise of Naziism in 1930's Germany she moved to the United States to take a guest professorship at Bryn Mawr. At her death Einstein volunteered to write her obituary: In the judgement of the most competent living mathematicians, Fraulein Noether was the most significant creative mathematical genius thus far produced since the higher education of women began. In the realm of algebra in which the most gifted mathematicians have been busy for centuries she discovered methods which have proved of enormous importance in the development of present day younger generation of mathematicians. More information may be found at St. Andrews

48. Emmy Nöther emmy was born in the small university town of Erlangen in southern Germany emmy and her brother Fritz, an applied mathematician, were fortunate to find http://scidiv.bcc.ctc.edu/Math/Noether.html

born: March 23, 1882 in Germany died: April 14, 1935 in America She was the most creative abstract algebraist in the world. (E. T. Bell) In the realm of (abstract) algebra in which the most gifted mathematicians have been busy for centuries, she discovered methods which have proved of enormous importance in the development of the present younger generation of mathematicians. (Albert Einstein) Died suddenly at the peak of her mathematical power. Published 37 papers. Perhaps the greatest woman mathematician ever. Her lectures were less formal than the German tradition, and she is fondly remembered as an effective and innovative teacher. She was stimulating and original and very willing to share her ideas with students and colleagues. In her teaching and her life, she cared about substance rather than form. She was a rough and simple soul, but her heart was in the right place. Her frankness was never offensive in the least degree. She possessed a rare humor and a sense of sociability; a tea in her apartments could be most pleasurable. The memory of her work in science and of her personality among her fellows will not soon pass away. (from her eulogy by Hermann Weyl, a friend and mathematician)

49. CWP At Physics.UCLA.edu // Noether Albert Einstein, in a tribute to emmy noether NYT1935ae emmy noether s nameis used to designate many concepts specific to abstract algebra http://www.physics.ucla.edu/~cwp/Phase2/Noether,_Amalie_Emmy@861234567.html

Welcome to CWP at UCLA 86 Eminent Physicists Search the Archive Fascinating Documents Annotated Photo Gallery In Her Own Words Some Physics History ... Photo Credits Mathematical Physics Contributions Publications Honors Emmy Noether Jobs/Positions Education Additional Information "In the realm of algebra, in which the most gifted mathematicians have been busy for centuries, she discovered methods which have proved of enormous importance... Pure mathematics is, in its way, the poetry of logical ideas. ... In this effort toward logical beauty, spiritual formulas are discovered necessary for deeper penetration into the laws of nature." - Albert Einstein, in a tribute to Emmy Noether Noether's work is of paramount importance to physics and the interpretation of fundamental laws in terms of group theory. - Feza Gursey Important Contributions Proved that a physical system described by a Lagrangian invariant with respect to the symmetry transformations of a Lie group has, in the case of a group with a finite (or countably infinite) number of independent, infinitesimal generators, a conservation law for each such generator, and certain `dependencies' in the case of a larger infinite number of generators. The latter case applies, for example, to the general theory of relativity and gives the Bianchi identities. These `dependencies' lead to understanding of energy-momentum conservation in the general theory. Her paper proves both the theorems described above and their converses. These are collectively referred to by physicists as Noether's Theorem.

50. John Derbyshire On Emmy Noether On National Review Online Reading Stanley s piece, I got to thinking of emmy noether, who died just 70 emmy noether was the greatest female mathematician of the 20th century, http://www.nationalreview.com/derbyshire/derbyshire200504210758.asp

cddcodebase = "/";cddcodebase454632 = "/"; HELP E-mail Author Author Archive Send to a Friend ... Print Version April 21, 2005, 7:58 a.m. The greatest female mathematician of the 20th century, and maybe ever. T he aftershocks of the Lawrence Summers brouhaha ripple on. Summers, you may recall (well, it was several news cycles ago) scandalized the academic establishment by suggesting that the scarcity of female scientists and mathematicians might have its origins in the differing biologies of men and women. Our own Stanley Kurtz has a nice follow-up piece on the Summers flap in the current City Journal Reading Stanley's piece, I got to thinking of Emmy Noether, who died just 70 years ago last week. I am going to leave you to deduce what, if anything, you can from Emmy Noether's story. It's a story worth telling, in any case, so here it is. Wilhelmine Germany was an exceptionally misogynist society, even by late 19th-century standards. The German expression Kinder, Kirche, Küche (children, church, kitchen), supposedly identifying a woman's proper place in society, is known even to people who don't speak German. It is popularly thought to have originated with the Nazi party. In fact it goes back much further than that, and was used approvingly of the attitude displayed by Wilhelm II's lumpish consort, the Empress Augusta Victoria, except that on her lips it was supposed to have been uttered as

51. EMMY NOETHER Within the world mathematical community, emmy noether is widely regarded as I first became interested in emmy noether while struggling with one of her http://faculty.evansville.edu/ck6/bstud/noether.html

Emmy Noether (1882-1935) mathematician Within the world mathematical community, Emmy Noether is widely regarded as the greatest of all woman mathematicians. She was born in the German university town of Erlangen, where her father, Max Noether, was a professor of mathematics. After receiving the Ph.D. degree from the University of Erlangen under Paul Gordan, Dr. Noether moved to the University of Göttingen, known in those days as the Mecca of Mathematics. There she developed as a world-class algebraist and taught a number of doctoral students who eventually became leading algebraists. Noether came to the United States in 1933, where she taught at Bryn Mawr College near Philadelphia and lectured at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey. Emmy Noether's name is known to many physicists through Noether's Theorem, described by Peter G. Bergmann as a cornerstone of work in general relativity as well as in certain aspects of elementary particles physics. For details, see Brewer and Smith, page 16. Her name is known to mathematicians largely in connection with the adjective noetherian

52. EMMY NOETHER, MENTORS & COLLEAGUES This photograph shows a few of emmy noether s colleagues and acquaintences emmy noether s early development as a mathematician was shaped in part by her http://faculty.evansville.edu/ck6/bstud/enmc.html

This photograph shows a few of Emmy Noether's colleagues and acquaintences, all but one identified in Brewer and Smith's book, Emmy Noether: A Tribute to Her Life and Work Emmy Noether's early development as a mathematician was shaped in part by her father, Max Noether, and his colleague, Paul Gordan. Both were professors of mathematics at the University of Erlangen. Ernst Fischer at Erlangen influenced her away from Gordan's constructivisit style, dominated by forms and formulas, toward Hilbert's more axiomatic and abstract style, characterized by existence proofs. In 1915, Noether accepted an invitation from Hilbert and Klein to move to Göttingen, the "Mecca of Mathematics." There she became a world-class algebraist who attracted students and younger colleagues who themselves became leading mathematicians. Emmy Noether (1882-1935) mathematician Max Noether (1844-1921) algebraic geometer, father of Emmy Noether Paul Gordan (1837-1912) Emmy Noether's dissertation advisor, "king of invariant theory" Ernst Fischer (1875-1954) mathematician David Hilbert (1862-1943) mathematician Hermann Weyl (1885-1955) mathematician B. L. van der Waerden

53. Emmy Noether The story of emmy noether raises the questions of nature or nurture ? How would you rank emmy noether among female mathematicians? http://www.sonoma.edu/Math/faculty/falbo/noether.html

Emmy Noether (1882-1935) Excerpt from Math Odyssey 2000 The story of Emmy Noether raises the questions of "nature or nurture"? Did she become a great mathematician by heredity? (after-all, her father was a very high ranking mathematician) or by environment? (he exerted a very strong influence over his children and created a "mathematical atmosphere" in his household). She certainly had the right genes, and she later proved to be a true mathematical genius; but as a very young child, Emmy had exhibited absolutely no interest in mathematics. When her younger brother, Fritz, began to fall under the influence of her father, she eventually had to take up the subject, possibly, in an effort to defend herself in a household of mathematicians. Lynn Osen, one of her biographers writes: "If the ambience of her home had been different, she might have never chosen a career in mathematics, but the provocative discussions that swooped and soared around the young Emmy's head sparked an interest that was overpowering." Lynn M. Osen, Women In Mathematics , MIT Press, Cambridge, 1974

54. Emmy Noether Translate this page Amalie emmy noether, geboren am 23.3.1882 in Erlangen, gestorben am 14.4.1935 inPrincton, emmy noether war eine der bedeutendsten Algebraikerinnen und http://www.mathe.tu-freiberg.de/~hebisch/cafe/enoether.html

Noether, Emmy Amalie Emmy Noether, geboren am 23.3.1882 in Erlangen, gestorben am 14.4.1935 in Princton, war das erste Kind von Max und Ida Noether. Max Noether war Mathematik-Professor mit dem Spezialgebiet "Algebraische Geometrie". David Hilbert Der russische Mathematiker Alexandrov

55. MSN Encarta - Noether, Emmy abstraite moderne Autres fonctionnalités Encarta. Rechercher noether, emmy http://fr.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761555779/Noether_Emmy.html

Accueil MSN Mon MSN Hotmail Rechercher ... Tout savoir sur la gamme Encarta Rechercher sur Encarta Article accessible sur abonnement MSN Encarta Premium : Acc©dez   30 000 articles encyclop©diques avec plus de 12 000 illustrations, un atlas mondial interactif, un guide du Web et une palette compl¨te de ressources et d'outils ©ducatifs. 34,99 € par an (service d’acc¨s   Internet non compris). En savoir plus. Cet article n'est accessible que si vous ªtes abonn©   MSN Encarta Premium. Dans ce cas, connectez-vous en cliquant sur le lien Aller sur MSN Encarta Premium (ci-dessus). Noether, Emmy Noether, Emmy (1882-1935), math©maticienne allemande, fondatrice de l'alg¨bre abstraite moderne. N©e dans une famille de math©maticiens, elle enseigna... Encarta vous int©resse ? Abonnez-vous d¨s maintenant et b©n©ficiez de : Plus de 30 000 articles 2 000 analyses d'oeuvre Plus de 12 000 m©dias (dont des extraits sonores, des vid©os et des m©dias interactifs) Un atlas mondial interactif Une palette compl¨te de ressources et d'outils ©ducatifs Un guide du Web Plus de r©sultats pour Noether, Emmy

56. Emmy Noether But not Amalie emmy noether. Once when Edward Landau was asked if he would agreeto the statement that she was a great woman mathematician, he reversed the http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Lab/3550/emmy.htm

The myopic washerwoman by Dinoj Surendran It is a sad fact that there are few women in mathematics, so few that sometimes you wonder if the ones you hear of are considered to be great only as a condescension to their gender. But not Amalie Emmy Noether. Once when Edward Landau was asked if he would agree to the statement that she was a great woman mathematician, he reversed the question: ``I can testify that she is a great mathematician, but that she is a woman, I cannot swear.'' (this seemingly chauvinistic statement should be seen in the context of the times) She was born in 1882, the eldest of eleven children. Her dad, Max Noether , was a mathematics professor at the University of Erlangen. She had a normal childhood - complete with school, housework and dancing - and qualified at 18 to be a English and French teacher. But she wanted to go to university, no easy task in the Germany of 1900! Eventually she became half of the entire female population of the thousand students at Erlangen, earning a doctorate in 1907. Till 1916, she worked (without pay since only men could be employed) as a researcher at the Mathematical Institute in Erlangen, giving seminars and sometimes substituting for her aging father in lectures. Then she moved to Gottingen, where the great mathematicians

57. Ohio State /All Locations noether, emmynoether, emmy. Nobel Prize in Mathematics Nominations! noether About noether Mathematicians Another biography A short biography http://library.ohio-state.edu/search/a?SEARCH=Noether, Emmy

58. Mathematikerinnen In Deutschland - Emmy Amalie Noether Translate this page emmy Amalie noether kommt 1882 als erstes Kind und einziges Mädchen von vierGeschwistern zur emmy noether erhält 1928/29 eine Gastprofessur in Moskau. http://www.mathematikerin.de/noether.htm

Emmy Amalie Noether geb.: 23.03.1882 in Erlangen gest.: 14.04.1935 in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania/USA Privates Schule und Beruf Mathematische Leistungen Privates In ihrer Jugend liebt Emmy das Tanzen und verbringt viel Zeit mit den Studenten der Hochschule, an der ihr Vater unterrichtet. In Pennsylvania verstirbt sie im April 1935, als es bei einer Operation zu Komplikationen kommt. Schule und Beruf Aufgrund der gesetzlichen Lage der damaligen Zeit, ist es ihr nicht erlaubt, offiziell Mathematik zu studieren, sondern nur den Vorlesungen beizusitzen, was sie von 1900 bis 1902 wahrnimmt. Mathematische Leistungen Hyperkomplexe Systeme in ihren Beziehungen zur kommutitativen Algebra und zur Zahlentheorie 1933 erscheint ihre Arbeit Nichtkommututative Algebren Alexandroff, Paul, S. in: Emmy Noether, Gesammelte Abhandlungen 1983, S.1 - 11 Brewer, J.W., Smith, Martha, K. (eds) Emmy Noether, A tribute to Her Life and Work, New York - Basel, 1981 Byers, Nina The Life and Times of Emmy Noether Contributions of Emmy Noether to Particle Physics erschienen in Proceedings of the Int'l Conf. on The History of Original Ideas and Basic Discoveries in Particle Physics

59. Australian Mathematics Trust emmy noether is one of the most significant female mathematicians in history . emmy noether s father, Max noether, was a mathematician at Erlangen. http://www.amt.canberra.edu.au/noether.html

Emmy Noether (1882-1935) Emmy Noether is one of the most significant female mathematicians in history. She was born in the Bavarian town of Erlangen. Erlangen at the time had one of Germany's three "free" Universities (i.e. independent of the churches), the other two being at Halle and Göttingen. The Erlangen University had been cast into the mathematical spotlight by one of its mathematicians named Felix Klein, who had given significant insights into the concept of a group in geometry, insights which became known as the "Erlangen Program". Emmy Noether's father, Max Noether, was a mathematician at Erlangen. He was a significant mathematician in his own right and became a Full Professor at that University. Women were not officially allowed to study at German Universities, or to hold normal teaching positions. Nevertheless Emmy became known while enrolled as an audit student and was able eventually (in 1907) to graduate with a PhD summa cum laude at Erlangen under the supervision of Paul Gordan (whom David Hilbert had described as "King of the Invariants"). In 1915 she moved to Göttingen where she was given a licence to teach without being paid. Hilbert was in fact one of her colleagues there. Her most productive years were during the 1920s, when she produced a number of significant results. She is best known for her work in abstract algebra, particularly working with structures such as rings. She also did important work on the theory of invariants, which had an influence on the formulation of Einstein's general theory of relativity.

60. The Mother Of Abstract Algebra (Emmy Noether) The Best of mathNEWS The Mother of Abstract Algebra (emmy noether) http://www.mathnews.uwaterloo.ca/BestOf/WomenInMath6906.html

The Mother of Abstract Algebra Of all of the women mathematicians, Emmy Noether is generally the best known. Often described as a loving, intelligent woman, she was impressive by many standards. She was faced with gender issues and political tensions in her lifetime, but her passion for mathematics remained strong. Amalie `Emmy' Noether was born in Erlangen Germany on March 23, 1882 and was the eldest of four children. Her father, Max Noether, was a professor of Mathematics at the University of Erlangen. Initially her interests were mainly languages, and upon graduation of high school she became eligible to teach French and English at a school for young girls. However, when she was 18 she became interested in mathematics. She was not allowed to enroll at the University at the time, because she was a woman. She was able to audit classes, and she did so for two years at the Universities of Erlangen and Gottingen. She worked closely with Paul Gordon, a friend at the University. Under his supervision, she wrote her doctoral thesis: On Complete Systems of Invariants for Ternary Biquadratic Forms . In 1907 she was granted a doctorate at Erlangen. After Gordon's retirement, she began to work with the algebraists Ernst Fischer and Erhard Schmidt on the topic of finite relational and integral bases. Around this time she periodically substituted for her father at the University.

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