21. Emmy Noether - Definition Of Emmy Noether In Encyclopedia Emmy Noether (March 23 1882 – April 14 1935) was one of the most talentedmathematicians of the early 20th century, with penetrating insights that she used http://encyclopedia.laborlawtalk.com/Emmy_Noether

Add to Favorites General Encyclopedia Legal ... Law forum Search Word: Visit our Law forums Labor Law Accidents Law Bankruptcy Law Business Law ... Tax Law Emmy Noether March 23 April 14 ) was one of the most talented mathematicians of the early 20th century , with penetrating insights that she used to develop elegant abstractions which she formalized beautifully. Emmy Noether She was born Amalie Noether in Erlangen Bavaria Germany . Her father, Max Noether , was a distinguished mathematician and a professor at Erlangen She received her doctorate in under Paul Gordan , and rapidly built a world-wide reputation, but the University of Göttingen refused to let her teach, and her colleague, David Hilbert , had to advertise her courses in the university's prospectus under his own name. A long controversy ensued, with her opponents asking what the country's soldiers would think when they returned home and were expected to learn at the feet of a woman. Allowing her on the faculty would also mean letting her vote in the academic senate. Said Hilbert, "I do not see that the sex of the candidate is against her admission as a Privatdozent After all, the university senate is not a bathhouse." She was finally admitted to the faculty in

22. Emmy Noether - Enpsychlopedia Emmy Noether A Tribute to Her Life and Work. New York Marcel Dekker. It uses material from the Wikipedia article Emmy Noether . http://psychcentral.com/psypsych/Emmy_Noether

home resource directory disorders quizzes ... support forums Emmy Noether Emmy Noether March 23 April 14 ) was one of the most talented mathematicians of the early 20th century , with penetrating insights that she used to develop elegant abstractions which she formalized beautifully. Missing image Noether.jpg Emmy Noether She was born Amalie Noether in Erlangen Bavaria Germany . Her father, Max Noether , was a distinguished mathematician and a professor at Erlangen She received her doctorate in under Paul Gordan , and rapidly built a world-wide reputation, but the University of Göttingen refused to let her teach, and her colleague, David Hilbert , had to advertise her courses in the university's prospectus under his own name. A long controversy ensued, with her opponents asking what the country's soldiers would think when they returned home and were expected to learn at the feet of a woman. Allowing her on the faculty would also mean letting her vote in the academic senate. Said Hilbert, "I do not see that the sex of the candidate is against her admission as a Privatdozent After all, the university senate is not a bathhouse." She was finally admitted to the faculty in

23. Emmy_Noether Gottfried E. Noether, Emmy Noether (18821935), in Louise S. Grinstein and Paul J.Campbell Women Emmy Noether A Tribute to Her Life and Work . http://copernicus.subdomain.de/Emmy_Noether

Suche: Main Page '''Emmy Noether''' ( March 23 April 14 ) was one of the most talented mathematician s of the early 20th century , with penetrating insights that she used to develop elegant abstractions which she formalized beautifully. She was born '''Amalie Noether''' in Erlangen Bavaria Germany . Her father, Max Noether , was a distinguished mathematician and a professor at Erlangen . She did not show She received her doctorate in under Paul Gordan , and rapidly built a world-wide reputation, but the University of G�ttingen refused to let her teach, and her colleague, David Hilbert , had to advertise her courses in the university's prospectus under his own name. A long controversy ensued, with her opponents asking what the country's soldiers would think when they returned home and were expected to learn at the feet of a woman. Allowing her on the faculty would also mean letting her vote in the academic senate. Said Hilbert, "I do not see that the sex of the candidate is against her admission as a '' Privatdozent .'' After all, the university senate is not a bathhouse." She was finally admitted to the faculty in . A Jew , Noether was forced to flee Nazi Germany in and joined the faculty at Bryn Mawr in the United States She made very significant contributions to mathematics and theoretical physics . In mathematics, she worked on the

24. Auguste Dick, Emmy Noether Emmy Noether is universally acknowledged to be one of the great mathematiciansof modern times, responsible for not only one of the most important http://cscs.umich.edu/~crshalizi/reviews/dick-on-noether/

The Bactra Review: Occasional and eclectic book reviews by Cosma Shalizi Emmy Noether by Auguste Dick translated from the German by Heidi I. Blocher Emmy Noether is universally acknowledged to be one of the great mathematicians of modern times, responsible for not only one of the most important principles in mathematical physics, but fundamental innovations in abstract algebra as well. Her importance to the history of science and mathematics is only enhanced by the fact that, while in many ways typical of the great mathematicians of the first half of this century (not just either German or Jewish but both, child of another mathematician, passionate about abstraction and rigor, extremely unworldly, an exile, and emotionally the sort of person who'd drive a guidance counselor to distraction), she was of course a woman, and the only female mathematician to have made it into the pantheon. The book under review seems to be the closest thing to a proper, full-length study of her life and work, at least in English, but it is hardly satisfactory on any count. Outside of pure mathematics, Noether is most famous for her theorem about invariants in variational problems, commonly known as just ``Noether's Theorem.'' While stated with a high degree of generality, it is most usually applied to physics, where its meaning can be made somewhat intuitive, provided some ground-clearing work is done first. One has to begin with the notion of a transformation, which is a change (perhaps purely imaginary) to either the things we're interested in, or the way we measure them. A typical transformation is to rotate one's experimental apparatus, or (equivalently) to rotate our coordinate grid, or to start the experiment at a different time (which is equivalent to zeroing our clock at a different time, and is called

25. Emmy Noether Translate this page Emmy noether emmy Noether wurde als erstes Kind von Max Noether am 23. In dem kleinstädtischen Milieu des Studienbetriebs wuchs Emmy Noether heran, http://homepages.compuserve.de/thweidenfeller/mathematiker/noether.html

Emmy Noether (1882 bis 1935) Emmy Noether wurde als erstes Kind von Max Noether am 23. März 1882 in Erlangen geboren. Der Vater Max Noether war seit 1875 Professor der Mathematik in Erlangen und hatte mit einer Vielzahl hervorragender Arbeiten zur Invariantentheorie und zum Aufbau der algebraischen Geometrie als selbständige mathematische Disziplin beigetragen. In dem kleinstädtischen Milieu des Studienbetriebs wuchs Emmy Noether heran, zusammen mit drei jüngeren Brüdern. Einer von ihnen, der 1884 geborene Fritz Noether, widmete später auch der Mathematik, und wurde Professor für angewandte Mathematik. In diesen Zeiten war ein Mädchen nicht bestimmt für die Wissenschaft, und schon gar nicht für Mathematik. So besuchte sie zuerst Höhere Töchterschule in Erlangen, und schloss im Jahr 1900 die Staatprüfung als Lehrerin für Französisch und Englisch ab. Erst 1903 holte Noether das Abitur nach, und immatrikulierte in Göttingen für das Wintersemester 1903/1904 und in Erlangen 1904. Im Bereich der Naturwissenschaften war sie die einzige studierende Frau. Unter dem Einfluß von Paul Gordan beschäftigte sich Emmy Noether zunächst mit Invariantentheorie, und promovierte 1907 "Über die Bildung des Formensystems der ternären biquadratischen Form". Ein Jahr später wurde diese Arbeit in den "Mathematischen Annalen" gedruckt.

26. The Girlhood Of Emmy Noether Emmy Noether grew up in a family with a physicallychallenged father Emmy Noether aimed much higher. She wanted to be a mathematician like her father. http://www.hypatiamaze.org/emmy_girlhood.html

The Girlhood of Emmy Noether Emmy Noether grew up in a family with a physically-challenged father (who had had polio) and 3 hapless brothers, two of whom died quite young. Her mother spent a lot of time helping her father, and she expected Emmy to do some of the housework. Possibly because of this, Emmy resisted following in her mother's footsteps. Like many woman during early 20th century, Emmy wanted more out of life. She was a "new woman" and in some ways ahead of her time. She wanted a career. She cut her hair and wore it in a simple style. Like Coco Chanel, her clothing was fashioned on men's styles. She enjoyed swimming and water sports as many Germans still do today. Feminism was taking hold across Europe, not only in Germany. Young women left the small towns and ventured out into the world. Most became shop girls and office workers. Emmy Noether aimed much higher. She wanted to be a mathematician like her father. She developed a new algebra which was streamlined just like the modern skyscrapers. She cared less about the details of the equations and more about the underlying relationships. Women in Emmy's generation wanted more . . .

27. Encyclopedia: Emmy Noether Emmy Noether 18821935. Translated by HI Blocher. Boston Birkhauser. 1981.Emmy Noether A Tribute to Her Life and Work. New York Marcel Dekker. http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Emmy-Noether

Supporter Benefits Signup Login Sources ... Pies Related Articles People who viewed "Emmy Noether" also viewed: Lasker_Noether theorem Noether's theorem Noetherian ring Ring theory ... Ch'in Chiu_Shao What's new? Our next offering Latest newsletter Student area Lesson plans Recent Updates Zeiss White Poplar Webmail Webb City, Oklahoma ... More Recent Articles Top Graphs Richest Most Murderous Most Taxed Most Populous ... More Stats Encyclopedia: Emmy Noether Updated 65 days 10 hours 33 minutes ago. Other descriptions of Emmy Noether Emmy Noether March 23 April 14 ) was one of the most talented mathematicians of the early 20th century , with penetrating insights that she used to develop elegant abstractions which she formalized beautifully. March 23 is the 82nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (83rd in Leap years). ... 1882 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... April 14 is the 104th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (105th in leap years). ... 1935 was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... A mathematician is a person whose area of study and research is mathematics. ...

28. Noether Emmy Noether byla pravdepodobne první žena s akademickým titulem vubec, nebothabilitovat se do této doby bylo umožneno jen mužum. http://www.aldebaran.cz/famous/people/Noether_Emma.html

Noether, Emmy Nìmecko-americká matematièka, jenž ukázala, že každá symetrie v pøírodì je úzce spojena se zákonem zachování. Pracovala v Erlangenu a v Göttingenu s lidmi, jako Felix Klein nebo David Hilbert . Její práce v oboru teorie invariantù pøispìly k výsledné podobì obecné teorie relativity, formulované Albertem Einsteinem roku 1916. Emmy Noether byla pravdìpodobnì první žena s akademickým titulem vùbec, nebo habilitovat se do této doby bylo umožnìno jen mužùm.

29. Noether_Emmy Biography of emmy noether (18821935) emmy noether s father Max noether wasa distinguished mathematician and a professor at Erlangen. http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Noether_Emmy.html

Emmy Amalie Noether Born: 23 March 1882 in Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany Died: 14 April 1935 in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, USA Click the picture above to see ten larger pictures Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Version for printing Emmy Noether 's father Max Noether was a distinguished mathematician and a professor at Erlangen. Her mother was Ida Kaufmann, from a wealthy Cologne family. Both Emmy's parents were of Jewish origin and Emmy was the eldest of their four children, the three younger children being boys. Blumenthal Hilbert Klein and Minkowski In 1904 Noether was permitted to matriculate at Erlangen and in 1907 was granted a doctorate after working under Paul Gordan Hilbert 's basis theorem of 1888 had given an existence result for finiteness of invariants in n variables. Gordan , however, took a constructive approach and looked at constructive methods to arrive at the same results. Noether's doctoral thesis followed this constructive approach of Gordan and listed systems of 331 covariant forms.

30. References For Noether_Emmy References for the biography of emmy noether. EP noether and GE noether, emmynoether in Erlangen and Göttingen, emmy noether in Bryn Mawr (New http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/References/Noether_Emmy.html

References for Emmy Noether Version for printing Biography in Dictionary of Scientific Biography (New York 1970-1990). Biography in Encyclopaedia Britannica. Books: A Dick, Emmy Noether, (Basel, 1970). A Dick, Emmy Noether, 1882-1935 (Boston, 1981). A Dick, Emmy Noether: 1882-1935, Elem. Math. Beiheft (Basel, 1970). C Kimberling, Emmy Noether and her influence, in J W Brewer and M K Smith (eds.), Emmy Noether : A tribute to her life and work (New York, 1981). B Srinivasan and J Sally, Emmy Noether in Bryn Mawr (New York-Berlin, 1983). H Wussing, E Noether, in H Wussing and W Arnold, Biographien bedeutender Mathematiker (Berlin, 1983). Articles: N Byers, The Life and Times of Emmy Noether; contributions of E Noether to particle physics, in H B Newman and T Ypsilantis (eds) History of Original Ideas and Basic Discoveries in Particle Physics (New York 1996). N Byers, E Noether's Discovery of the Deep Connection Between Symmetries and Conservation Laws, Israel Mathematical Conference Proceedings P S Chee, Emmy Noether-an energetic washerwoman

31. Emmy Noether One of these women mathematicians was Germanborn emmy noether. emmy noether wasborn in Erlangen, Germany on March 23, 1882. She was named Amalie, http://www.agnesscott.edu/lriddle/women/noether.htm

32. Profiles Of Women In Mathematics: About Emmy Noether In 1935, the year of emmy noether s death, Albert Einstein wrote in a letter tothe New Born in 1882 in Germany, emmy noether persisted in the face of http://www.awm-math.org/noetherbrochure/AboutNoether.html

Emmy Noether (1882 - 1935) Previous Index Next In 1935, the year of Emmy Noether's death, Albert Einstein wrote in a letter to the New York Times, "In the judgement of the most competent living mathematicians, Fraulein Noether was the most significant creative mathematical genius thus far produced since the higher education of women began." Born in 1882 in Germany, Emmy Noether persisted in the face of tremendous obstacles to become one of the greatest algebraists of this century. Known primarily for her profound and beautiful theorems in ring theory, Emmy Noether's most significant achievement runs deeper: she changed the way mathematicians think about their subject. "She taught us to think in simple, and thus general, terms... homomorphic image, the group or ring with operators, the ideal... and not in complicated algebraic calculations," said her colleague P.S. Alexandroff during a memorial service after her death. In this way, she cleared a path toward the discovery of new algebraic patterns that had previously been obscured. Despite her intellectual achievements and the recognition of such mathematicians as David Hilbert and Hermann Weyl, Emmy Noether endured years of poor treatment by German universities, where for a time she could not even lecture under her own name. Weyl later wrote that, even when the Nazis prevented her from lecturing, "her courage, her frankness, her unconcern about her own fate, her conciliatory spirit, were, in the midst of all the hatred and meanness, despair and sorrow... a moral solace." Forced out of Germany by the Nazis in 1933, Emmy Noether came to Bryn Mawr College, where she soon collected many students and colleagues around her. She died there just two years later at the age of fifty-three.

33. AWM Noether Lectures emmy noether was one of the great mathematicians of her time, someone who worked and emmy noether Lecture at International Congress of Mathematics http://www.awm-math.org/noetherlectures.html

//menuID = "index"; About the Series The Lecturers Call for Nominations About the Noether Lecture Series The Association for Women in Mathematics (AWM) annually presents the Noether Lectures to honor women who have made fundamental and sustained contributions to the mathematical sciences. These one-hour expository lectures are presented at the Joint Mathematics Meetings each January. Emmy Noether was one of the great mathematicians of her time, someone who worked and struggled for what she loved and believed in. Her life and work remain a tremendous inspiration. The Noether Lecturers Each lecturer has been profiled in a commemorative booklet Lai-Sang Young, 2005 Svetlana Katok, 2004 Jean E. Taylor, 2003 ... Lenore Blum, 2002 Hesheng Hu, 2002* Sun-Yung Alice Chang, 2001 Margaret H. Wright, 2000 Krystyna M. Kuperberg, 1999 Cathleen Synge Morawetz, 1998 ... F. Jessie MacWilliams, 1980 * Emmy Noether Lecture at International Congress of Mathematics Call for Nominations for the 2007 Noether Lecture The letter of nomination should include a one page outline of the nominee's contribution to mathematics, giving four of her most important papers and other relevant information.

34. Noether, Emmy --  Encyclopædia Britannica noether, emmy German mathematician whose innovations in higher algebra gainedher recognition as the most creative abstract algebraist of modern times. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?tocId=9056031

35. Noether, Amalie Emmy --  Britannica Student Encyclopedia noether, Amalie emmy (1882–1935), German mathematician, born in Erlangen; one ofthe most creative abstract algebraists of modern times; Ph.D., http://www.britannica.com/ebi/article-9312731

Home Browse Newsletters Store ... Subscribe Already a member? Log in This Article's Table of Contents Noether, Amalie Emmy Print this Table of Contents Shopping Price: USD $1495 Revised, updated, and still unrivaled. The Official Scrabble Players Dictionary (Hardcover) Price: USD $15.95 The Scrabble player's bible on sale! Save 30%. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary Price: USD $19.95 Save big on America's best-selling dictionary. Discounted 38%! More Britannica products Noether, Amalie Emmy  Student Encyclopedia Article Page 1 of 1 Mathematische Zeitschrift, Noether, Amalie Emmy... (75 of 82 words) var mm = [["Jan.","January"],["Feb.","February"],["Mar.","March"],["Apr.","April"],["May","May"],["June","June"],["July","July"],["Aug.","August"],["Sept.","September"],["Oct.","October"],["Nov.","November"],["Dec.","December"]]; To cite this page: MLA style: "Noether, Amalie Emmy." Britannica Student Encyclopedia http://www.britannica.com/ebi/article-9312731

36. Noether, Emmy (1882-1935) -- From Eric Weisstein's World Of Scientific Biography McGrayne, SB emmy noether. Ch. 4 in Nobel Prize Women in Science Their Lives, The Heritage of emmy noether. Providence, RI Amer. Math. Soc., 1999. http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/NoetherEmmy.html

Branch of Science Mathematicians Nationality American ... Women Noether, Emmy (1882-1935) 165200MacTutor German-American mathematician who showed that symmetry was intimately connected to integrals of motion. She also formalized the study of certain classes of rings Additional biographies: MacTutor (St. Andrews) Women Mathematicians References Kimberling, C. "Emmy Noether, Mentors & Colleagues." http://faculty.evansville.edu/ck6/bstud/enmc.html McGrayne, S. B. "Emmy Noether." Ch. 4 in Nobel Prize Women in Science: Their Lives, Struggles, and Momentous Discoveries. New York: Birch Lane Press, pp. 64-89, 1992. Teicher, M. (Ed.). The Heritage of Emmy Noether. Providence, RI: Amer. Math. Soc., 1999. van der Waerden, B. L. A History of Algebra: From Al-Khwarizmi to Emmy Noether. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1985.

37. Noether, Emmy (Amalie) noether, emmy (Amalie) (18821935) noether was born in Erlangen, the daughterof mathematician Max noether. Despite a rule barring women from university http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/N/Noether/1.html

Noether, Emmy (Amalie) German mathematician who became one of the leading figures in abstract algebra. Modern work in the field of a general theory of ideals dates from her papers of the early 1920s. Noether was born in Erlangen, the daughter of mathematician Max Noether. Despite a rule barring women from university study, she was awarded a doctorate from Erlangen in 1907 for a thesis on algebraic invariants. But as a woman she could not hold a post in the university faculty. She persisted with her research independently and at the request of mathematician David Hilbert Noether first made her mark as a mathematician with a paper 1920 on noncommutative fields (where the order in which the elements are combined affects the result). For the next few years she worked on the establishment and systematization of a theory of ideals, and introduced the concept of primary ideals. After 1927 she returned to the subject of noncommutative algebras, her chief investigations being conducted into linear transformations of noncommutative algebras and their structure.

38. Emmy (Amalie) Noether Translate this page emmy (Amalie) noether. Nacida el 23 de marzo de 1882, en Alemania de una familiaque contenía 10 matemáticos en tres generaciones. http://cuhwww.upr.clu.edu/mate/museo/mujeres/emmy.htm

Contenido Anterior Próxima Emmy (Amalie) Noether Nacida el 23 de marzo de 1882, en Alemania de una familia que contenía 10 matemáticos en tres generaciones. Recibió tutorias y en 1907 escribió su tesis doctoral: Sistemas Completos de Invariantes para Formas Bicuadráticas Ternarias . Emmy sustituía a su padre para dar clases cuando éste estaba enfermo. Luego el padre se retiró, su madre murió y su hermano se fué al ejército. Emmy se mudó a vivir con su hermano y trabajó junto a él en la teoría general de la relatividad, de la cual ella ofreció la fórmula genuina y universal matemática. Luego comenzó a dar clases usando el nombre de Hilbert y en 1919 fué que comenzó a trabajar dando clases usando su verdadero nombre. En 1922, la nombraron profesora; pero no recibía salario. Ella formó, con el trabajo de su padre matemático, su teorema general de ideales en anillos arbitrarios, ayudando a establecer las tendencias axiomáticas e integrales de álgebra abstracta. Trabajó para los años 20, con Hasse y Richard Brauer, en el tema de álgebra no conmutativa, y Hasse publicó un ensayo con la teoría de Emmy y su investigación en la teoría de álgebra cíclica. En la Universidad de Götingen se reconoció por su forma diferente de dar clases; siendo menos formal y más original al exponer sus temas. Su nombre aparece en unos 37 ensayos escritos por estudiantes o colaboradores de ella. Su influencia en muchos matemáticos fue evidente y se caracterizaba por la facilidad de clarificar conceptos difíciles para otros. Emmy fue llamada para trabajar en Europa, lo cual añadió mayor prestigio a su nombre.

39. Emmy Noether 1882 - 1935 Translate this page Berühmte Mathematiker emmy noether. Amalie emmy noether wurde als das ersteKind jüdischer Eltern am 23. März 1882 in Erlangen geboren. http://www.mathematik.ch/mathematiker/noether.php

Home Geschichte Mathematiker Zitate ... Die Hilbertschen Probleme David Hilbert Diese Infos stammen von http://wmax02.mathematik.uni-wuerzburg.de/Noether/ Dokumentation zur Ausstellung: Leben und Werk der Mathematikerin Emmy Noether Texte: Herkunft und Schulzeit Wissenschaftliche Erfolge Abitur und Studium Diskriminierung ... Bildnachweis Herkunft und Schulzeit Amalie Emmy Noether wurde als das erste Kind jüdischer Eltern am 23. März 1882 in Erlangen geboren. Der Vater, Prof. Dr. Max Noether, ist Professor für Mathematik an der Universität; die Mutter ist Ida Noether, geb. Kaufmann. Emmy Noether hat drei jüngere Brüder. Sie besucht die Städtische Höhere Töchter-Schule in Erlangen. Nach privater Vorbereitung legt sie die Staatsprüfung für Lehrerinnen der französischen und englischen Sprache ab. Kampf um die Zulassung von Frauen zum Studium In dieser Zeit gibt es keine Gymnasien, an denen Mädchen zum Abitur geführt werden. Noch können sich Frauen nicht an deutschen Universitäten immatrikulieren. Aber die Diskussion um das Frauenstudium ist voll entbrannt. Immerhin haben die Frauen erreicht, daß sie als Gasthörerinnen Vorlesungen besuchen können, sofern der Dozent es erlaubt. Ob eine Gasthörerin eine Prüfung ablegen darf, hängt vom Wohlwollen des Prüfers ab. zurück zum Anfang Abitur und Studium Emmy Noether besucht (als eine von zwei Gasthörerinnen) Vorlesungen für Mathematik, Romanistik und Geschichte in Erlangen. Außerdem bereitet sie sich auf das Abitur vor.

40. About Emmy Noether Information on emmy noether her life and work. Born in Germany and namedAmalie emmy noether, she was known as emmy. Her father was a mathematics http://womenshistory.about.com/library/bio/blbio_emmy_noether.htm

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Homework Help Women's History Air, Space, Science, Math ... Mathematicians About Emmy Noether Homework Help Women's History Essentials Biographies of Notable Women ... Help zau(256,140,140,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/C.htm','');w(xb+xb+' ');zau(256,140,140,'von','http://z.about.com/0/ip/496/6.htm','');w(xb+xb); FREE Newsletter Sign Up Now for the Women's History newsletter! See Online Courses Search Women's History Emmy Noether March 23 , 1882 - April 14, 1935) mathematician Amalie Noether, Emily Noether, Amelie Noether Born in Germany and named Amalie Emmy Noether, she was known as Emmy. Her father was a mathematics professor at the University of Erlangen and her mother was from a wealthy family. Emmy Noether studied arithmetic and languages but was not permitted as a girl to enroll in the college preparatory school, the gymnasium. Her graduation qualified her to teach French and English in girls' schools, apparently her career intention but then she changed her mind and decided she wanted to study mathematics at the university level. To enroll in a university, she had to get permission of the professors to take an entrance exam she did and she passed, after sitting in on mathematics lectures at the University of Erlangen. She was then allowed to audit courses first at the University of Erlangen and then the University of G

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