61. MSN Encarta - Florence Nightingale nightingale, florence (18201910), British nurse, hospital reformer, Born inflorence, Italy, on May 12, 1820, nightingale was raised mostly in http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761577963/Florence_Nightingale.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Sign In Web Search: Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade your Encarta Experience Search Encarta Upgrade your Encarta Experience Spend less time searching and more time learning. Learn more Tasks Find in this article Print Preview Related Items Crimean War education of nurses more... Further Reading Editors' picks for Nightingale, Florence Search for books and more related to Nightingale, Florence Encarta Search Search Encarta about Nightingale, Florence Editors' Picks Great books about your topic, Nightingale, Florence ... Click here Advertisement document.write(' Nightingale, Florence Encyclopedia Article Multimedia 1 item Nightingale, Florence (1820-1910), British nurse, hospital reformer, and humanitarian. Born in Florence, Italy, on May 12, 1820, Nightingale was raised mostly in Derbyshire, England, and received a thorough classical education from her father. In 1849 she went abroad to study the European hospital system, and in 1850 she began training in nursing at the Institute of Saint Vincent de Paul in Alexandria , Egypt. She subsequently studied at the Institute for Protestant Deaconesses at Kaiserswerth, Germany. In 1853 she became superintendent of the Hospital for Invalid Gentlewomen in London.

62. MSN Encarta - Florence Nightingale Article about Ms nightingale. http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761577963

63. Nightingale, Florence - Great Men And Women Of The World Biography of florence nightingale and related links of interest. http://homepage.oanet.com/jaywhy/nightingale.htm

(En Français) Nightingale, Florence (1820-1910), British nurse, hospital reformer, and humanitarian. Born in Florence, Italy, on May 12, 1820, Nightingale was raised mostly in Derbyshire, England, and received a thorough classical education from her father. In 1849 she went abroad to study the European hospital system, and in 1850 she began training in nursing at the Institute of Saint Vincent de Paul in Alexandria, Egypt. She subsequently studied at the Institute for Protestant Deaconesses at Kaiserswerth, Germany. In 1853 she became superintendent of the Hospital for Invalid Gentlewomen in London. After the Crimean War broke out in 1854, Nightingale, stirred by reports of the primitive sanitation methods and grossly inadequate nursing facilities at the large British barracks-hospital at Üsküdar (now part of Istanbul, Turkey), dispatched a letter to the British secretary of war, volunteering her services in Crimea. At the same time, unaware of her action, the minister of war proposed that she assume direction of all nursing operations at the war front. She set out for Üsküdar accompanied by 38 nurses. Under Nightingale's supervision, efficient nursing departments were established at Üsküdar and later at Balaklava in Crimea. Through her tireless efforts the mortality rate among the sick and the wounded was greatly reduced. At the close of the war in 1860, with a fund raised in tribute to her services, Nightingale founded the Nightingale School and Home for Nurses at Saint Thomas's Hospital in London. The opening of this school marked the beginning of professional education in nursing.

64. Florence Nightingale, Avenging Angel Information supplemental to a book by that title. http://www.florence-nightingale-avenging-angel.co.uk/index.html

Florence Nightingale, Avenging Angel 10 December 2004 Lots of new stuff about Florence Nightingale that isn't in the book Email the author [ Japanese version of site] NEW ! What's new on this site The BBC vs. Florence Nightingale NEW ! Book reveals new facts Read her secret report Press reviews Unpublished footnotes ... Frequently Asked Questions Article on "Florence Nightingale's 20th Century Biographers" How to get your copy of the book

65. Nightingale, Florence - Grandes Personnalités Mondiales http://homepage.oanet.com/jaywhy/nightingale_f.htm

(In English) Nightingale, Florence (1820-1910), infirmière britannique, réformatrice du milieu hospitalier et humanitariste. Née à Forence en Italie le 12 mai 1820, Nightingale a passsé presque toute sa jeunesse à Derbyshire, Angleterre et a reçu une éducation classique approfondie de son père. En 1949, elle alla à l'étranger étudier le système hospitalier européen et, en 1850 elle débuta sa formation de garde-malade à l'Institute of Saint-Vincent-de-Paul à Alexandria, en Égypte. Ensuite elle étudia à "l'Institute for Protestand Deaconesses" à Kaiserswerth en Allemagne. En 1853 elle devint directrice de l'Hospital "Invalid Gentlewomen" à Londre. Après la déclaration de la guerre de Crimée en 1854, Nightingale touchée par les reportages des installations sanitaires primitives et les équipements infirmiers inadéquats à la grande hôpitale-caserne à Uskúdar (maintenant faisant partie de Istanbul, Turkie), elle envoya une lettre au secrétaire britannique de la guerre, offrant ses services de bénévolat en Crimée. Au même moment, ignorant son offre, le ministre de la guerre proposa qu'elle devienne directrice de toutes les opérations infirmières de la guerre. Elle partit pour Uskudar avec 38 garde-malades. Sous la supervison de Nightingale, des services infirmiers efficaces ont été établis à Uskudar et par la suite à Balaklava en Crimée. À travers ses efforts sans relâche, le taux de mortalité parmi les malades et les blessés baissa considérablement. À la fin de la guerre en 1860, il y eut une levée de fonds pour lui rendre hommage pour ses services, Nightingale devint la fondatrice de la "Nightingale School and Home for Nurses at Saint Thomas' Hospital" à Londre. L'ouverture de cette école a marqué le début de l'éducation professionnelle en soins infirmiers.

66. Historia - Nightingale, Florence florence nightingale Nurse, improved hospital conditions (18201910). When florencelived, hospitals in England were unsanitary places where disease could http://www.liquidleaf.com/historia/nightingale.html

Florence Nightingale Nurse, improved hospital conditions (1820-1910) When Florence lived, hospitals in England were unsanitary places where disease could spread easily. Florence wanted to help change this, and even though her parents did not approve, she traveled to Germany to learn more about nursing. Florence became responsible for all of the hospitals in the war zone during the Crimean War. She trained nurses and cleaned up the hospitals. Florence greatly improved the quality of care that soldiers received. She returned to England and started the Nightingale School and Home for Nurses, and helped improve hospital conditions in India and England. Florence wrote books on nursing and hospital design, emphasizing the need for organization, cleanliness and compassion for the sick. Link: The Florence Nightingale Museum Please feel free to email the webmaster with any suggestions, links or comments! Information adapted from History of Women in Science for Young People by Vivian Sheldon Epstein.

67. Glbtq >> Social Sciences >> Nightingale, Florence Famous as the mother of modern nursing, florence nightingale was a tough reformerwho fought for her right to a career and an individual identity in the http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/nightingale_f.html

Encyclopedia Discussion Forgot Your Password? Not a Member Yet? JOIN TODAY. IT'S FREE! Advertising Opportunities Terms of Service Alpha Index: A-B C-F G-K L-Q ... T-Z Subjects: A-E F-L M-Z Nightingale, Florence (1820-1910) Famous as the mother of modern nursing, Florence Nightingale has often been depicted as a selfless and fairly bland do-gooder. In reality, she was a tough, even ruthless, reformer who took on many of the most powerful institutions of her time and fought passionately for her right to a career and an individual identity in the stifling atmosphere of Victorian England. Nightingale refused to be pushed into any of the limited roles (wife, mother, social ornament) available to middle class women of the time. Instead, she carved out a significant role for herself, and, in the process, paved the way for professional nursing as a career choice for women all over the world. Sponsor Message. Nightingale was born on May 12, 1820, to wealthy English parents who named her after her birthplace, Florence, Italy. She received a classical education from her father, who taught her Greek, Latin, history, and mathematics at home. Early in life, she became convinced that her calling in life was caring for the sick. Her family was horrified by this revelation, since nursing was considered an occupation for lower class women, who were believed to be generally drunken and slovenly. Nightingale persisted, however, and in 1850 she began to study nursing in Egypt, Germany, and France. In 1853, she was rewarded with an unpaid job, supervising a women's hospital in London.

68. Reader's Companion To Military History - - Nightingale, Florence Through personal connections, florence nightingale, who had no training in nursingor hospital administration, secured control of the nurses and the funds http://college.hmco.com/history/readerscomp/mil/html/mh_037200_nightingalef.htm

Entries Publication Data Maps Contributors ... World Civilizations Reader's Companion to Military History Nightingale, Florence British Crimean War Nurse Reports in The Times from the Crimean War (1854-1856) and the British Hospital at Scutari painted a terrible picture of suffering endured by sick and wounded troops and urged the dispatch of nurses. Through personal connections, Florence Nightingale, who had no training in nursing or hospital administration, secured control of the nurses and the funds sent to comfort the British army. Her formidable self-confidence and powers of persuasion secured her position. Nightingale's efforts at Scutari were quickly turned into popular legend by the newspapers, as an antithesis to the apparent incompetence of the military authorities. However, the bulk of all nursing, as it is understood today, was provided by male orderlies, restricting the nurses to cooking, cleaning, and spiritual comfort for the dying. Manipulative, determined, and self-promoting, Nightingale rarely allowed the truth to interfere with her work. Her object was power and reputation; nursing was only the means to that end. Her real contribution to saving lives was the result of the superior order, cleanliness, and feeding she imposed. After the war she campaigned for improved sanitation in army barracks and in India, and in particular popularized nursing, once considered a menial chore, into an honored vocation. Nightingale made an important contribution to care for the wounded and sick, and if she was never "the Lady with the lamp" of popular myth, she did raise the national consciousness and establish the role of the nurse in modern medicine.

69. Florence Nightingale Resources on one of the most famous nurses in history. From the About.com Guide to Women's History. http://womenshistory.about.com/cs/nightingale/index.htm

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Homework Help Women's History Medicine, Nursing, Health Florence Nightingale Homework Help Women's History Essentials Biographies of Notable Women ... Help zau(256,140,140,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/C.htm','');w(xb+xb+' ');zau(256,140,140,'von','http://z.about.com/0/ip/496/6.htm','');w(xb+xb); FREE Newsletter Sign Up Now for the Women's History newsletter! See Online Courses Search Women's History Florence Nightingale Biographies, common questions, information on nurses and nursing, bibliographies, and other resources on Florence Nightingale, the "Lady with the Lamp." She made history with her nursing work in the Crimean War and helped shake up the field of medicine. Her opinions on women physicians and her invention of the pie chart are included. Alphabetical Recent About Florence Nightingale (1864) A short excerpt about the contribution of Florence Nightingale, from the perspective of an American writing in 1864. Florence Nightingale Quotations A few choice quotations from Florence Nightingale, the Lady with the Lamp. The Lady with the Lamp Article by Deborah Pulliam, from

70. Florence Nightingale Cook, Sir Edward Tyas, The Life of florence nightingale, London Macmillan, 1914.Huxley, Elspeth, florence nightingale. New York CP Putnam’s Sons, 1975. http://www.freedomtocare.org/page68.htm

International Association for Nursing Ethics Return to ICNE Index Florence Nightingale The middle-class English woman, Florence Nightingale, may be regarded as the true founder of nursing as a profession. She took a team of nurses to Scutari (now Uskudar, Turkey) in 1854, into the Crimean War. By applying her scrupulous methods she reduced the hospital death rate from 42 percent to 2 percent. Born in Florence, Italy she trained in Germany and France. She wrote the now classic Notes on Nursing . She was awarded the UK's Order of Merit in 1907. Select Bibliography Biographies Cook, Sir Edward Tyas, The Life of Florence Nightingale, London: Macmillan, 1914. Smith, F. B., Florence Nightingale, Reputation and Power. London: Croom Helm, 1981. Strachey, Lytton, Eminent Victorians. London: Chatto and Windus, 1918. Letters Vicinus, Martha, and Nergaard, Bea, eds., Ever Yours, Florence Nightingale. London: Virago, 1989. Texts Calabria, Michael D., and Macrae, Janet A. (eds), Suggestions for Thought: selections and commentaries, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1994. Nightingale, Florence, Letters from Egypt. A. and G. A. Spottiswoode, 1854.

71. Florence Nightingale: The Lady With The Lamp - Page 1 florence nightingale was distinctly not the romantic, retiring Victorian gentlewoman most of us imagine. florence nightingale was a bright, tough, driven professional, a brilliant organizer and statistician, and one of the most influential women in 19thcentury England. http://womenshistory.about.com/library/prm/blladywiththelamp1.htm

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Homework Help Women's History Medicine, Nursing, Health ... Florence Nightingale Florence Nightingale: The Lady With The Lamp - Page 1 Homework Help Women's History Essentials Biographies of Notable Women ... Help zau(256,140,140,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/C.htm','');w(xb+xb+' ');zau(256,140,140,'von','http://z.about.com/0/ip/496/6.htm','');w(xb+xb); FREE Newsletter Sign Up Now for the Women's History newsletter! See Online Courses Search Women's History Florence Nightingale: The Lady With The Lamp Florence Nightingale was distinctly not the romantic, retiring Victorian gentlewoman most of us imagine. Florence Nightingale was a bright, tough, driven professional, a brilliant organizer and statistician, and one of the most influential women in 19th-century England. By Deborah Pulliam for British Heritage Magazine Florence Nightingale was distinctly not the romantic, retiring Victorian gentlewoman most of us imagine. She was a bright, tough, driven professional, a brilliant organizer and statistician, and one of the most influential women in 19th-century England. Looking through a rough reproduction window at the London museum that bears her name is a little like peering over Nightingale's shoulder in the Crimea and confronting the intimate details of life thereincluding her hand-drawn plan of the nurses' quarters in the Barrack Hospital at Scutari, her personal seal and wax for letters, some of her books and her dispatch case, as well as an original letter written from the hospital and her famous lamp.

72. Nightingale, Florence --  Britannica Student Encyclopedia nightingale, florence (1820–1910). In 1854 the English nurse florence nightingaletook a small band of volunteers to Turkey to care for soldiers wounded in http://www.britannica.com/ebi/article-9276097

Home Browse Newsletters Store ... Subscribe Already a member? Log in This Article's Table of Contents Florence Nightingale Print this Table of Contents Shopping Price: USD $1495 Revised, updated, and still unrivaled. The Official Scrabble Players Dictionary (Hardcover) Price: USD $15.95 The Scrabble player's bible on sale! Save 30%. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary Price: USD $19.95 Save big on America's best-selling dictionary. Discounted 38%! More Britannica products Nightingale, Florence  Student Encyclopedia Article Page 1 of 1 Florence Nightingale Florence Nightingale, English coloured engraving, c. 1855. The Granger Collection, New York City Nursing Nightingale, Florence... (75 of 400 words) var mm = [["Jan.","January"],["Feb.","February"],["Mar.","March"],["Apr.","April"],["May","May"],["June","June"],["July","July"],["Aug.","August"],["Sept.","September"],["Oct.","October"],["Nov.","November"],["Dec.","December"]]; To cite this page: MLA style: "Nightingale, Florence."

73. Nightingale, Florence --  Encyclopædia Britannica nightingale, florence English nurse and the founder of trained nursing as aprofession for women. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9055815

Home Browse Newsletters Store ... Subscribe Already a member? Log in Content Related to this Topic This Article's Table of Contents Introduction Additional Reading Print this Table of Contents Shopping Price: USD $1495 Revised, updated, and still unrivaled. The Official Scrabble Players Dictionary (Hardcover) Price: USD $15.95 The Scrabble player's bible on sale! Save 30%. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary Price: USD $19.95 Save big on America's best-selling dictionary. Discounted 38%! More Britannica products Nightingale, Florence  Encyclopædia Britannica Article Page 1 of 2 Florence Nightingale born May 12, 1820, Florence died Aug. 13, 1910, London byname Lady of the Lamp English nurse and the founder of trained nursing as a profession for women. Crimean War Nightingale, Florence... (75 of 1439 words) var mm = [["Jan.","January"],["Feb.","February"],["Mar.","March"],["Apr.","April"],["May","May"],["June","June"],["July","July"],["Aug.","August"],["Sept.","September"],["Oct.","October"],["Nov.","November"],["Dec.","December"]]; To cite this page: MLA style: "Nightingale, Florence."

74. Nightingale, Florence. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 nightingale, florence. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 200105. http://www.bartleby.com/65/ni/Nighting.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia Cultural Literacy World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations Respectfully Quoted English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia PREVIOUS NEXT ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Nightingale, Florence

75. Nightingale, Florence. The New Dictionary Of Cultural Literacy, Third Edition. 2 nightingale, florence. The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Third Edition. 2002. http://www.bartleby.com/59/10/nightingalef.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia Cultural Literacy World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations Respectfully Quoted English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy World History since 1550 PREVIOUS ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Third Edition. Nightingale, Florence

76. Nightingale, Florence Famous Quotes Famous quotes by nightingale, florence Instead of wishing to see more doctorsmade by women joining what there are, I wish to see as few do 1820-1910 http://www.borntomotivate.com/FamousQuote_FlorenceNightingale.html

Famous Quotes By: Nightingale, Florence 1820-1910 British Nurse Instead of wishing to see more doctors made by women joining what there are, I wish to see as few doctors, either male or female, as possible. For, mark you, the women have made no improvement they have only tried to be men and they have only succeeded in being third-rate men. Nightingale, Florence Doctors How very little can be done under the spirit of fear. Nightingale, Florence Fear The martyr sacrifices themselves entirely in vain. Or rather not in vain; for they make the selfish more selfish, the lazy more lazy, the narrow narrower. Nightingale, Florence Martyrdom The very first requirement in a hospital is that it should do the sick no harm. Nightingale, Florence Medicine Women have no sympathy and my experience of women is almost as large as Europe. Nightingale, Florence Sympathy I think one's feelings waste themselves in words; they ought all to be distilled into actions which bring results. Nightingale, Florence Talkativeness What the horrors of war are, no one can imagine. They are not wounds and blood and fever, spotted and low, or dysentery, chronic and acute, cold and heat and famine. They are intoxication, drunken brutality, demoralization and disorder on the part of the inferior... jealousies, meanness, indifference, selfish brutality on the part of the superior. Nightingale, Florence

77. NMH.UK: Florence Nightingale Last photograph of florence nightingale The second daughter of William Edward All the available surviving writing of florence nightingale will be http://www.shef.ac.uk/~nmhuk/adltnur/people/nitngle.html

Florence Nightingale (May 12, 1820 - August 13, 1910) The second daughter of William Edward Nightingale and Frances (Fanny) [Nee - Smith], Florence was named after her birthplace. She grew up in Derbyshire, Hampshire, and London, where her family maintained comfortable homes. She was educated largely by her father, who taught her Greek, Latin, French, German, Italian, history, philosophy, and mathematics. Throughout her life she read widely in many languages. On February 7 1837, she believed that she had heard the voice of God informing her that she had a mission, but it was not until nine years later that she realised what that mission was. Meanwhile, she strove to escape to a life of her own. Her proposal to study nursing was refused, but she was persuaded, by the then Lord Ashley to study parliamentary reports and public records relating to health matters and health reformers (such as Edwin Chadwick) and in three years she was regarded by influential friends as an expert on public health and hospitals. Nightingale went on to develop schools of nursing and played a pivotal role in the care of the sick and wounded in the Crimean War at Scutari.

78. FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE - LoveToKnow Article On FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE nightingale, florence (I82019I0), younger daughter of William Edward nightingaleof Ernbley Park, Hampshire, and Lea Hurst, Derbyshire, was born at florence http://13.1911encyclopedia.org/N/NI/NIGHTINGALE_FLORENCE.htm

FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE NIGHTINGALE, FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE NIGHTSHADE To properly cite this FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE article in your work, copy the complete reference below: "FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE." LoveToKnow 1911 Online Encyclopedia. http://13.1911encyclopedia.org/N/NI/NIGHTINGALE_FLORENCE.htm Links to this article are encouraged. Please use the following format: See: FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE at LoveToKnow.

79. Clendening History Of Medicine Library: Nightingale Letters AUTHOR, nightingale, florence, 18201910. TITLE, As Miss nightingale said florence nightingale through her sayings a Victorian perspective / edited http://clendening.kumc.edu/dc/fn/holdings.html

Florence Nightingale Resources in the Clendening History of Medicine Library In addition to the original letters, the Clendening History of Medicine Library holds several books by and about Florence Nightingale. A few are listed here; more will be added shortly. AUTHOR Nightingale, Florence, 1820-1910. TITLE As Miss Nightingale said ... : Florence Nightingale through her sayings : a Victorian perspective / edited by Monica Baly. PUBLISHER London : Scutari Press, 1991. DESCRIPTION xvi, 136 p. : ill. ; 20 cm. NOTE NOTE Excerpts from private notes, correspondence, and published works. Includes bibliographical references (p. 127-129) and index. SUBJECT Nightingale, Florence, 1820-1910 Nurses biography Philosophy, Nursing collected works AUTHOR Nightingale, Florence, 1820-1910. TITLE Cassandra : an essay / by Florence Nightingale ; with an introd. by Myra Stark and an epilogue by Cynthia MacDonald. PUBLISHER Old Westbury, N.Y. : Feminist Press, c1979. DESCRIPTION 60 p. ; 22 cm.

80. Nightingale, Florence (1820-1910) Florence Nightingale Was The florence nightingale was named for florence, Italy, where she was born on May The secretary of war asked florence nightingale to take charge of nursing. http://www2.worldbook.com/features/whm/html/fnightingale.html

Nightingale, Florence (1820-1910) Florence Nightingale was the founder of the nursing profession as we know it today. British soldiers who were wounded in the Crimean War called her "The Lady with the Lamp" when she walked the halls of their hospital at night. The light that Nightingale carried has come to mean care for the sick, concern for the welfare of the ordinary soldier, and freedom for women to choose their own work. Early years. Florence Nightingale was named for Florence, Italy, where she was born on May 12, 1820, while her wealthy British parents were living abroad. Her childhood was spent on the family estates in England with her mother, father, and sister Parthenope. The girls' mother, Frances, taught her daughters the social graces and how to run a large household. Their father, William, tutored them in languages, history, and philosophy. At the age of 16, Florence thought she heard the voice of God telling her she had a special mission in life. She suspected this mission had something to do with helping other people. Florence had always enjoyed caring for the babies of her parents' visitors and for sick farmers on her father's estates. Nightingale followed her own sense of purpose by turning down suitors, declining many parties, and spending much time studying health and reforms for the poor. Her mother could not accept such behavior, which was not considered proper for a wealthy young woman.

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