41. APS Publications Transactions 794 (1989) Cloth. 172 pp. $18. neugebauer, otto,. Greek Horoscopes Transactions 46-2 (1956) Cloth. 57 pp.Illus.. $15. neugebauer, otto, http://www.aps-pub.com/subjects.htm

Your browser does not support script APS Publications in Print, by Subject APS Publications in Print, by Author APS Publications in Print, by Date Latest Catalog APS Memoirs ... Out-of-print Titles AfricaHistory Aaboe, Asger et al, Saros Cycle Dates and Related Babylonian Astronomical Texts Transactions 81-6 (1991) Cloth. 75 pp. Feinberg, Harvey M., Africans and Europeans in West Africa Transactions 79-7 (1989) Cloth. 186 pp., Illus.. Lambrecht, Frank L., In the Shade of an Acacia Tree: Memoirs of a Health Officer in Africa, 1945-1959 Memoir 194 (1991) Cloth. 418 pp. Illus. Moser, Gerald M., Changing Africa: The First Literary Generation of Independent Cape Verde Transactions 82-4 (1992) Cloth. 102 pp. AgricultureHistory Berman, Constance H., Medieval Agriculture, the Southern French Countryside, and the Early Cistercians Transactions 76-5 (1986) Cloth. 179 pp. Klingelhofer, Eric, Settlement and Land Use in Micheldever Hundred, Hampshire, 700-1100 Transactions 81-3 (1991) Cloth. 156 pp. American Academy of Arts and Sciences Manuel, Frank E. and Fritzie

42. Science/Culture - Part I, Chapter 3 neugebauer, otto and A. Sachs, Mathematical and Cuneiform Texts, New Haven, neugebauer, otto, Ancient Mathematics and Astronomy in A History of http://custance.org/Library/Thesis/part_I/chapter3.html

Abstract Table of Contents Introduction Part I Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Part II Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Part III Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Part IV Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Part I: Technology: the Non-Indo-European Contribution Chapter III Ancient High Civilizations There is little doubt that the basic culture in Sumeria (and later on, in Babylonia and Assyria), in Egypt, and in the Indus Valley, in Northern Syria and in Crete, were all non-Indo-European. The Indo-Europeans were m fact not the creators of the cultures they subsequently became so indebted to, but rather as Vere Gordon Childe put it the destroyers . Certainly this was true in the Indus Valley where they are first known from history as an organized body. China makes her great contribution to Indo-European Culture somewhat later, and can therefore be considered last. The basic elements of Mesopotamian civilization in later times when the Babylonians and Assyrians (both Semitic in origin) had achieved ascendancy, were still essentially Sumerian. It is pretty well agreed that these Sumerians were not Semites, being clean shaven and comparatively hairless like the Egyptians. And from their language it is quite clear that they were not Indo-European either. Their civilization developed very rapidly and achieved a remarkable level of technical competence. In the earliest stages of their history, they seem to have shared many features with the Indus Valley people who were later overwhelmed by the Aryans, and with the first settlers in Northern Syria, and even with the earliest Egyptians. As further development took place in each of these areas, cultural similarities became obscured.

43. Encyclopedia Brunoniana otto neugebauer (18991990), professor of the history of mathematics, was born in Innsbruck in Tyrol on May 26, 1899. He studied mathematics and physics at http://www.brown.edu/Administration/News_Bureau/Databases/Encyclopedia/search.ph

44. Otto E. Neugebauer, May 26, 1899­February 19, 1990 | By N. M. Swerdlow | Biogra otto E. neugebauer Courtesy of Brown University Photo Laboratory. otto neugebauer WAS THE most original and productive scholar of the history of the exact http://www.mat.ufrgs.br/~portosil/neugebau.html

Otto E. Neugebauer By N. M. Swerdlow Courtesy of Brown University Photo Laboratory OTTO NEUGEBAUER WAS THE most original and productive scholar of the history of the exact sciences, perhaps of the history of science, of our age. He began as a mathematician, turned first to Egyptian and Babylonian mathematics, and then took up the history of mathematical astronomy, to which he afterward devoted the greatest part of his attention. In a career of sixty-five years, he to a great extent created our understanding of mathematical astronomy from Babylon and Egypt, through Greco-Roman antiquity, to India, Islam, and Europe of the Middle Ages and Renaissance. Through his colleagues, students, and many readers, his influence on the study of the history of the exact sciences remains profound, even definitive. Neugebauer was born in Innsbruck, Austria, his father Rudolph Neugebauer a railroad construction engineer and a collector and scholar of Oriental carpets. His family soon moved to Graz where his parents died when he was quite young. He attended the Akademisches Gymnasium, and was far more interested in mathematics, mechanics, and technical drawing than in the required courses in Greek and Latin. Because his family was Protestant, he was exempted from mandatory instruction in religion, which also pleased him. In 1917 he learned that he could receive his graduation certificate without passing a Greek examination if he enlisted in the Austrian Army, which he promptly did. Before long, he found himself an artillery lieutenant, principally a forward observer, on the Italian front. He later remarked mordantly that these were among the happiest days of his life. Following his discharge, in the fall of 1919 he entered the University of Graz in electrical engineering and physics, and in 1921 transferred to the University of Munich, where he attended lectures by Arnold Sommerfeld and Arthur Rosenthal. He had lost his entire inheritance, safely invested in government bonds, through the Austrian hyperinflation, and he spent a miserable winter with little food and water frozen in his room each morning.

45. BIBLIOGRAPHY neugebauer 1963, neugebauer, otto. “The Survival of Babylonian Methods in neugebauer 1972, neugebauer, otto. “On Some Aspects of Early Greek Astronomy. http://www.aakkl.helsinki.fi/melammu/htdocs/bibliog.html

BIBLIOGRAPHY AbouZayd 1993 AbouZayd, Shafiq. Ihidayutha. A Study of the Life of Singleness in the Syrian Orient. From Ignatius of Antioch to Chalcedon 451 A.D. ARAM Society for Syro-Mesopotamian Studies. Oxford 1993. Abusch 2002 Eunuchs in Antiquity and Beyond . The Classical Press of Wales and Duckworth 2002. Adler and Tuffin 2002 Adler W. and P. Tuffin. The Chronography of George Synkellos, a Byzantine Chronicle of Universal History from the Creation translated with introduction and notes . Oxford: University Press, 2002. Altorientalische Forschungen Alster 1987 Alster 1997 Alster, B. Proverbs of Ancient Sumer Annus 2001 Mythology and Mythologies , 7-17. Melammu Symposia 2. Helsinki: The Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project. Annus 2002 Annus, Amar. The God Ninurta in the Mythology and Royal Ideology of Ancient Mesopotamia . State Archives of Assyria Studies, vol. 14. Helsinki: The Neo-Assyrian Text Coprus Project. Armstrong 1962 Armstrong, G. Cyril Aristotle, Oeconomica and Magna Moralia . Harvard: University Press, London: Heinemann Ltd 1962. Aro 1976 Kramer Anniversary Volume. Cuneiform Studies in Honor of Samuel Noah Kramer

46. Otto Neugebauer, Founding Editor otto neugebauer. The Founding Editor of Mathematical Reviews. otto neugebauer, 18991990. Back to MR Past and Present Back to MR Past and Present http://www.ams.org/publications/60ann/Neugebauer.html

Otto Neugebauer The Founding Editor of Mathematical Reviews Otto Neugebauer, 1899-1990 Back to MR Past and Present Comments: webmaster@ams.org Privacy Statement Search the AMS

47. Otto Neugebauer, Founding Editor otto neugebauer was the Founding Editor of Mathematical Reviews, serving from 1939 to 1940. http://www.ams.org/publications/60ann/OttoNeugebauer.html

Otto Neugebauer The Founding Editor of Mathematical Reviews Otto Neugebauer Executive Editor Mathematical Reviews Back to Executive Editors of Mathematical Reviews Comments: webmaster@ams.org Privacy Statement Search the AMS

48. Otto E. Neugebauer Title otto E. neugebauer Authors Swerdlow, NM Journal Journal for the History of Astronomy, p.289 Publication Date 11/1993 Origin ADS Bibliographic http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993JHA....24..289S

Smithsonian/NASA ADS Astronomy/Planetary Abstract Service Find Similar Abstracts (with default settings below Also-Read Articles Translate Abstract Title: Otto E. Neugebauer Authors: Swerdlow, N. M. Journal: Journal for the History of Astronomy, p.289 Publication Date: Origin: ADS Bibliographic Code: Abstract Not Available Bibtex entry for this abstract Preferred format for this abstract (see Preferences) Find Similar Abstracts: Use: Authors Title Return: Query Results Return items starting with number Query Form Database: Astronomy/Planetary Instrumentation Physics/Geophysics arXiv e-prints Smithsonian/NASA ADS Homepage ADS Sitemap Query Form Preferences ... FAQ

49. History Of Constellation And Star Names Note An attempt to rebutt otto neugebauer s remarks concerning the absence of a otto neugebauer (18991990) was a pioneer of studies of ancient http://members.optusnet.com.au/~gtosiris/page4.html

An Annotated Bibliography Of Studies of Occidental Constellations and Star Names to the Classical Period Compiled by Gary D. Thompson Go to: Egyptian Jewish Persian Arabic ... Return To Site Contents Page Egyptian Books/Pamphlets: Antoniadi. Eugène. (1934; Reprinted 2003). L'Astronomie Egyptienne. [Note: Based on (late) Greek texts and somewhat unreliable, especially regarding the identification of Egyptian constellations. An English-language translation by (Sir) Patrick Moore remains unpublished. See the Correspondence in The Observatory "Egyptian Astronomy" comprising a letter by Eugène Antoniadi (Volume 63, 1940, Pages 13-14), and a reply by Herbert Chatley (Volume 63, 1940, Pages 14-15). See the (English-language) biographical entry by Giorgio Abetti in Dictionary of Scientific Biography, edited by Charles Gillispie, Volume 1, Page 17; and the "Historical Note" by Reginald Marriott in Journal of the British Astronomical Association, Volume 101, Number 3, June, 1991, Page 195. Life dates: 1870-1944.] Belmonte Avilés, Juan. (2003). "A Celestial Map of the Ancient Egyptian Firmament." In: BAR International Series. (1154, Pages 31-36). [Note: Paper presented at the European Association of Archaeologists eighth annual meeting, in Thessaloniki, 2002. BAR = British Archaeological Reports. Attempts a reconstruction of the Egyptian constellations and their locations in the sky.]

50. The Sirius Research Group For instance, the scholar and astronomer otto neugebauer believed that there is At this point it would be interesting to mention that otto neugebauer, http://www.siriusresearchgroup.com/articles/Sothis2.shtml

Home Updates Articles Artikel in Deutsch ... Archives PART 1 From Sothic to Chaotic Calendars The Modern Calendar as the Church has always maintained, it is in reality an astronomical problem. The Sun and the Moon in the heavens are not the same as the fictional Sun and the Moon of the calendar. For almost another 1300 years, as the world passed through some of its darkest ages, the established lunar-solar calendar of 365.25 days slowly diverged from the day of the spring equinox, which people in ancient times had always regarded as an auspicious day. Monuments, dating back to prehistoric times can tell us still today the exact position of the equinoxes and the solstices. But over many thousands of years, with the deterioration of ancient stellar cults down from solar cults to lunar cults, the knowledge of how to keep track of solar-sidereal time almost completely vanished, especially it seems during the period from around 200 CE to 1582 CE (the year of the Calendar Reform). Scholars have unearthed, studied and interpreted as much as they could find, and when there was a lack of evidence or knowledge, Gods and myths served as explanations until only symbols, religious calendars, rituals and places of cult worship remained. While the real significance of the Mayan calendar seems to have been lost, we cannot deny the fact that it employs the same fundamental 4-year leap system that applies to our modern calendar. But in order to achieve greater accuracy over longer time frames, the ancient calendar makers discovered mathematical combinations and devised an ingenious system of leap-days that makes our modern calendar look primitive in comparison. They were fully aware of the fact that a solar year does not consist of 365.25 days or more, as there is strong evidence that they established a leap-day system that required the omission of one day approximately every

51. Percy Ernst Schramm 73; neugebauer, otto. Sense or Nonsense in Scientific Jargon. Journal of the Courtauld and Warburg Insititutes 23 (1960) 1756; Dr. Percy Ernst Schramm http://www.lib.duke.edu/lilly/artlibry/dah/schrammp.htm

HName: Schramm, Percy Ernst DateBorn: 1894 Placeborn: Hamburg, Germany Datedied: 1970 Placedied: Göttingen, Germany HDescrip: Historian and portraiture scholar of the German medieval era. Schramm's father had once been the mayor of Hamburg. The younger Schramm obtained his doctorate from the University of Heidelberg in 1922. He focused on a career in teaching history. His Contemporary Portraits of Charlemagne ) appeared in 1928. In 1932 he was awarded the Benjamin D. Shreve Fellowship at Princeton University for his study of Germany, the first foreign scholar to earn the award. Back in Germany, Schramm joined the army in Nazi Germany, eventually attaining the rank of major in the German high command. He was assigned the personal diarist to Adolf Hitler. After the war, Schramm used this experience to write several books on Hitler's Germany. He never abandoned medieval history, however, and in 1962 began publishing with Florentine Mütherich (q.v.) an inventory of royal portraits of kings and queens of Germany. Schramm was also and authority on regalia and insignia, his Herrschaftszeichen und Staatssymbolik began appearing the following year.

52. Walther Wolf 1071; neugebauer, otto. Sense or Nonsense in Scientific Jargon. Journal of the Courtauld and Warburg Insititutes 23 (1960) 1756; Die Religion in http://www.lib.duke.edu/lilly/artlibry/dah/wolfw.htm

HName: Wolf, Walther DateBorn: 1900 Placeborn: Hildesheim, Germany Datedied: 1973 Placedied: ? HDescrip: Wolf was the son of Peter and Mathilde Stinde (Wolf). After spending the final year of World War I with the German Marines, he attended the University of Heidelberg between 1919-22. Wolf spent the year 1923 at the University in Berlin before completing his dissertation at Göttingen. He was an assistant at the Berliner Museum 1922-28. In 1928 he became a privatdozent associated with the University in Leipzig, acceding to a professorship there in 1934. He also held a joint appointment as director of Egyptology Institute. During World War II, he joined the Luftwaffe 1939-45. After the war he spent a period of time outside academics, like many faculty associated with Nazi government appointments. In 1949 he received a position to teach at the university of Munster. He remained the the next twenty years, retiring emeritus in 1969. Wolf was devoted to stylistic analysis in his art history. His use of scientific language for art was attacked in 1960 by Otto Neugebauer (1899-1990) as meaningless appropriation of scientific jargon, with whom Neugebauer also lumped Percy Schramm (q.v.). HCountry: Germany HBiography: Who's Who in the World , 2nd ed. 1974-75, pp. 1071; Neugebauer, Otto. "Sense or Nonsense in Scientific Jargon."

53. Greek Horoscopes (Memoirs Ser , 48) By Neugebauer, Otto; Van Hoesen, H. B. Find Book Search Engine Can Find Greek Horoscopes (Memoirs Ser , 48) by neugebauer, otto; Van Hoesen, HB. http://www.biblioz.com/b257718964.html

Home Page Main Home Help Index User Login Book Search PowerSearch Book Basket Topics Registration Log In Register Why Register Customers Service Preferred General About Books About Us Tell a Friend Affiliate $$$ ... Greek Horoscopes (Memoirs Ser , 48) by Neugebauer, Otto; Van Hoesen, H. B. Search Keywords: Greek Horoscopes (Memoirs Ser , 48) by Neugebauer, Otto; Van Hoesen, H. B. Enter search terms in one or more of the fields below and then click the GO button. Fewer terms entered will usually result in more results. Click HERE for search tips. Title: Tip: Author: Keyword: Help - Search Tips Please note: the books you can buy on this site are all generally secondhand and used, though many will also be in near new condition. Click on the book title in the search results to check the full description. Or click here to search by Publisher, Topic, Binding, Price Range, Supplier Country or many other options... We accept credit card payment by phone or fax as well as offering the National Secure Internet Payment Service; cheques/money orders in Australian dollars can be posted. These payment options are offered after you create an order. BibliOZ.com can find Greek Horoscopes (Memoirs Ser , 48) by Neugebauer, Otto; Van Hoesen, H. B. in the USA, Canada, UK, Europe, Australia and New Zealand NZ. Search now for copies!

54. FATE REVEALED neugebauer, otto and Parker, Richard A., Egyptian Astronomical Texts Vol. Davis, PJ, otto neugebauer Reminiscences and Appreciation, American http://home.maine.rr.com/imyunnut/Fate.revealed.html

FATE REVEALED by JOANNE CONMAN Ed Krupp's reply on the Internet bulletin board of the Ma'at site, to my critique of one of his columns , was disappointing for reasons discussed below; however, his courteous tone is very much appreciated. In my initial essay, I did say that Ed Krupp does "not appear to be specifically trained in art history, anthropology, or Egyptology," as he quotes me. Apparently, he understood this as a criticism of his reliance on his own opinion that an ambiguous animal portrayed on the round zodiac ceiling of the temple of Hathor at Dendera is a lion. However, my criticism was of his characterization of the crocodile-tailed lion as a lion constellation, and what I criticize is his acceptance of widely-accepted speculation as fact. He notes that I correctly emphasize iconographical variations in the portrayal of the crocodile-tailed lion or lion figure that argue against the figure representing a constellation. He counters that with an argument that there are iconographical variations in the Bull/Bull's Thigh, which I admit is accepted as a constellation. I do not accept the Bull or Bull's Thigh as a constellation; however, it is beyond the scope of this essay to discuss the reasons in depth. Acknowledging that his identification of the disputed creature as a lion is an assertion and not a fact, Krupp states that "evidence suggests it is a reasonable assertion." Unfortunately, he cites no such evidence in his response to my essay. He quotes Richard A. Parker's opinion that the creature is a lion, but an opinion is not evidence. Krupp quotes Parker making the same statement in several places, but that does not make it any truer than if Parker had said it only once. Krupp also cites two other "recognized specialists": Heinrich Brugsch and Otto Neugebauer.

55. BLINKING BACK: EYEBALL TO EYEBALL WITH ED KRUPP neugebauer, otto and Parker, Richard A., Egyptian Astronomical Texts Vol. I (Brown University Press, Providence, RI, 1960), 97 http://home.maine.rr.com/imyunnut/Blinking.back.html

BLINKING BACK: EYEBALL TO EYEBALL WITH ED KRUPP by JOANNE CONMAN In an article entitled " The Sphinx Blinks They rejected the idea the Egyptians engaged in astrology until that time, as well. The title of their three-volume set is unfortunate since most of the "astronomical" texts deal with the Egypt's astral religion, which was simply not early astronomy. There is no mention in Krupp's piece of the obvious evidence that raises doubts about or refutes the claims of Hancock and Bauval. For example, there is plenty of factual material that Mesopotamian texts have given us about Leo. We have attested records of the constellation Leo, which later became the astrological sign of Leo. Mesopotamian texts first list Leo about 1000 BCE, some 1500 years after the Giza pyramids. There is also the fact that nothing has been found that attests to any interest in equinoxes in ancient Egypt. No Egyptian religious festival can be definitely linked with either the spring or the fall equinox. Krupp appears to accept a number of unsubstantiated guesses as facts, as when he writes: "Intentionally aligned toward cardinal east, the Sphinx reflects the ritual significance of the cardinal directions in the Old Kingdom period (2686-2181 B.C.)." What we know factually is that the sphinx faces due east. We do not know to what, if anything, the sphinx was "intentionally aligned." We cannot assume anything about the "ritual significance" of cardinal directions in the Old Kingdom of ancient Egypt based on speculation that the sphinx was intentionally aligned due east. The Egyptians did not distinguish left and east or right and west linguistically.

56. Institute For Research In Classical Philosophy And Science neugebauer Index Search IRCPS Site Map Site Information under its care the 26174 filecards prepared over 60 years by otto neugebauer (1899–1990), http://www.ircps.org/publications/Neugebauer.htm

The Institute for Research in Classical Philosophy and Science IRCPS Home Contact Information Programs Aestimatio ... Site Information Neugebauer Microform Index of the Exact Sciences With the permission of Professor Neugebauer, the Institute for Research in Classical Philosophy and Science has prepared microfilm and microfiche versions of these cards which will now be made available for research purposes only to scholars and institutions, along with a user's guide and directory. For information, please contact Microform Index IRCPS 3 Nelson Ridge Road USA ircps@IRCPS.org Site designed by Michael Ullyot Site maintained by Anabela Carneiro Classical Philosophy and Science

57. Naturwissenschaften Und Medizin Translate this page neugebauer, otto. Astronomical Papyri and Ostraca Bibliographical Notes. neugebauer, otto und Richard A. Parker. Egyptian Astronomical Texts, 1 The http://www.kv5.de/html_german/bib16c_german.html

Bibliographie: Naturwissenschaften und Medizin Naturwissenschaften - Astronomie, Kalender und die Messung der Zeit Abraham, George. The Motion of Mars in Egyptian Planetary Tables. Archive for the History of Exact Sciences Allen, David. An Astronomer's Impressions of Ancient Egypt. Sky and Telescope Allen, E. Brown. A Coptic Solar Eclipse Record. JAOS Anthes, Rudolf . Orion, Fuss und Zehe. In: Fs Schott (1968), S. 1-6. Assmann, Jan. Das Doppelgesicht der Zeit im altägyptischen Denken. In: Die Zeit Schriften der Carl Friedrich von Siemens Stiftung , 6). Wien: Oldenbourg, 1983. S. 189-223. [AEB 83.1076 English] Bakir, Abd el-Mohsen. The Cairo Calendar No. 86637. Kairo: Government Press, 1966. Barguet, Paul. Le cycle lunaire d'après deux textes d'Edfou. RdE Barta, Winifred . Funktion und Lokalisierung der Zirkumpolarsterne in den Pyramidentexten. ZÄS Barta, Winifred. Der ägyptische Mondkalender und seine Schaltregulierung. GM Barta, Winifred . Zur Entwicklung des ägyptischen Kalenderwesens. ZÄS von Beckerath, Jürgen.

58. Bibliography neugebauer, otto, (1969), The Exact Sciences in Antiquity, 2d ed. Swerdlow, Noel M., neugebauer, otto, (1984) Mathematical Astronomy in Copernicus s De http://www.hcc.hawaii.edu/~pine/Thesis/BIBLIO.htm

References Agassi, Joseph, (1991), "As You Like It," Beyond Reason: Essays on the Philosophy of Paul Feyerabend Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science , vol. 132 , pp. 379-387. Albury, W.R., (1983), The Politics of Objectivity (Victoria, N.S.W.: Deakin University Press). Andersson, Gunnar, (1991), "Feyerabend on Falsifications, Galileo, and Lady Reason," Beyond Reason: Essays on the Philosophy of Paul Feyerabend , pp. 281-295. Ariew, Roger, (1987), "The Phases of Venus before 1610," Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science , vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 81-92. Babb, Stanley E., (1977), "Accuracy of Planetary Theories, Particularly for Mars," Isis , Sept. 1977, pp. 426-34. Barker, Peter, (1990), "Copernicus, the Orbs, and the Equant," Synthese Barnes, Barry, (1974), Scientific Knowledge and Sociological Theory Blair, Ann, (1990), "Tycho Brahe's Critique of Copernicus and the Copernican System," Journal of the History of Ideas , 51, n3, pp. 355-377. Boas, Marie, and Hall, Rupert A., (1956), "Tycho Brahe's System of the World," Occasional Notes of the Royal Astronomical Society , no. 21, Nov., pp. 253-263.

59. Science In Christian Perspective Nevertheless, as otto neugebauer discerns, The only texts which have come down to us . . . . are crude observational schemes, partly religious, http://www.asa3.org/ASA/PSCF/1981/JASA3-81Bazyn.html

Science in Christian Perspective The Birth of Science Ken Bazyn 264 West 22nd Street, Apt. 2C New York, New York 10011 From: JASA March 1981): To command the professors of astronomy to confute their own observations is to enjoin an impossibility, for it is to command them not to see what they do see, and not to understand what they do understand and to find what they do not discover. - Galileo Galilei P erhaps no phenomenon has so enthralled modern man as the rise of empirical science. In it he sees the triumph of truth over superstition, an emphasis on the here-and-now vs. a shadowy hereafter and a panacea for every malaise facing the human race. The late E.F. Schumacher characterized us as a "people of the foward stampede." Our motto is "a (scientific) breakthrough a day keeps the crisis at bay." Yet the first stirrings of the scientific spirit were comparatively recent. Academics usually point to the Ionian outposts of Asia Minor in the 6th century B.C., where Thales, Anaximander, and Anaximenes first formulated theories of the universe, without relying on a divine hand. Rationalists like Renan euphorically refer to this as "the only miracle in history." And in one sense they're right. Previous civilizations, notably those of Egypt, Mesopotamia, and India, conceived of the universe as peopled by spirits, friendly or hostile. They divided reality into the sacred (crucial) and the profane (insignificant). Charmed by the idea that like produces like, they attempted to control nature by means of sympathetic magic. (If a frog croaked the rains came, so men dressed in frog costumes and mimicQ frog sounds.) They followed common sense and tradition, and did little to rock the boat of political and social stability. For as John Dewey once remarked, "If we once start thinking, no one can guarantee where we shall come out, except that many objects, ends and institutions are doomed."

60. An Alphabetized List Of Non-Zarathushtrians Authors - N neugebauer, Paul Victor (1879 1940) NEUHAUS, otto (of Königsberg) NEUMANN, Karl Friedrich (1793? - 1870) NEUSNER, Jacob (28 July 1937 - ) http://www.farvardyn.com/nauth.php

FAQs What's new Site Map Awards ... Home Search this site: An Alphabetized List of Non-Zarathushtrian Authors who have contributed works on Avesta, Parsis and Zarathushtrianism - N N NAFICY, Abbas (1905 - ) NAGEL, Peter NAGEL, Wolfram NALLINO, Carlo Alfonso (1872 - 1938) NARAIN, Abodh Kishor (1925 - ) NARR, Karl J. NARTEN, Johanna (5 October 1930 - ) NASTER, Paul (18 December 1913 - ) NAU, François Nicolas (1864 - 1931) NAUMANN, Rudolf NAUTIYAL, Kanti Prasad NEEDLER, Winifred (14 June 1904 - ) NEGRES, Alexandros NEHRING, Alfons (1890 - ) NENCI, Giuseppe (1924 - ) NESTLE, (Christof) Eberhard (1851 - 1913) NETTON, Ian Richard (3 October 1948 - ) NEUGEBAUER, Otto (1899 - ) NEUGEBAUER, Paul Victor (1879 - 1940) NEUHAUS, Otto (of Königsberg) NEUMANN, Karl Friedrich (1793? - 1870) NEUSNER, Jacob (28 July 1937 - ) NÈVE, Félix Jean Baptiste Joseph (1816 - 1893) NEVIS, Joel Ashmore (4 October 1957 - )

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