61. List Of Scientists By Field Translate this page menelaus of alexandria. Menghini, Vincenzo Antonio. Menghini, Vincenzo Antonio.Mengoli, Pietro. Menshutkin, Nikolay Aleksandrovich http://www.indiana.edu/~newdsb/m.html

Maanen, Adriaan van Macallum, Archibald Byron Macallum, Archibald Byron MacArthur, Robert Helmer Macaulay, Francis Sowerby Macbride, David Macbride, David MacBride, Ernest William MacCullagh, James MacCulloch, John MacCulloch, John Mach, Ernst Mach, Ernst Mach, Ernst Machatschki, Felix Karl Ludwig Machatschki, Felix Karl Ludwig Machatschki, Felix Karl Ludwig Macheboeuf, Michel Macheboeuf, Michel Maclaurin, Colin Maclean, John Maclear, Thomas MacLeod, Colin Munro MacLeod, Colin Munro Macleod, John James Rickard Maclure, William MacMahon, Percy Alexander Macmillan, William Duncan Macmillan, William Duncan Macquer, Pierre Joseph Macrobius, Ambrosius Theodosius Magalotti, Lorenzo Magati, Cesare Magellan, Jean-Hyacinthe de Magellan, Jean-Hyacinthe de Magellan, Jean-Hyacinthe de Maggi, Bartolomeo Magini, Giovanni Antonio Magini, Giovanni Antonio Magini, Giovanni Antonio Magiotti, Raffaello Magiotti, Raffaello Magiotti, Raffaello Magnenus, Johann Chrysostom Magnenus, Johann Chrysostom Magni, Valeriano Magnitsky, Leonty Filippovich Magnol, Pierre Magnus, Heinrich Gustav

62. New Dictionary Of Scientific Biography menelaus of alexandria Mercator, Nicolaus Merrill, George Perkins Messier, CharlesMeton Michell, John Miller, William Allen Milne, Edward Arthur http://www.indiana.edu/~newdsb/astor.html

Make Suggestions Astronomical Sciences Abbe, Cleveland Abetti, Antonio Abney, William de Wiveleslie Abraham Bar ?iyya Ha-Nasi Ab?'l-Waf al-B?zj?n?, Mu?ammad Ibn Mu?ammad Ibn Ya?y? Ibn Ism?l Ibn al- ?Abb?s Acyuta Pira?i Adams, John Couch Adelard of Bath Ailly, Pierre d' Airy, George Biddell Aitken, Robert Grant Albrecht, Carl Theodor Alfonso El Sabio Alzate y Ramírez, José Antonio Anaximander Andoyer, Henri André, Charles Louis François Angelus, Johannes Ångstrüm, Anders Jonas Anthelme, Voituret Antiphon Antoniadi, Eugène M. Apian, Peter Arago, Dominique François Jean Aratus of Soli Argelander, Friedrich Wilhelm August Argoli, Andrea Aristarchus of Samos Aristotle Aristyllus Arrest, Heinrich Louis d' Asada G?ry? Autolycus of Pitane Auwers, Arthur Julius Georg Friedrich von Auzout, Adrien Baade, Wilhelm Heinrich Walter Babinet, Jacques Backlund, Jüns Oskar Bailey, Solon Irving Bailly, Jean-Sylvain Baily, Francis Banachiewicz, Thaddeus Ban? M?s? Baranzano, Giovanni Antonio

63. Re: Isidoros And Anthemios - Great Buildings Online - Architecture Forum menelaus of alexandria (Egypt), Pappus of Alexandria (Egypt), Sporus ofNicaea (Turkey), Theon of Alexandria (Egypt), Theon of Smyrna (Turkey), http://www.designcommunity.com/discussion/24882.html

Design Community Architecture Discussion Message - Re: Isidoros and Anthemios - Great Buildings Online Responses Architecture Forum Architecture Students Architecture Scrapbook ... ArchitectureWeek Posted by Just a visitor on January 16, 2003 at 10:21:21: In Reply to: Re: Isidoros and Anthemios - Great Buildings Online posted by Kevin Matthews on November 23, 1999 at 00:22:59: Dear Mr. Matthews, I would like to support what Mrs. Grigoris said about the unfortunate way in which Anthemios And Isidoros are presented. One gets a very strong impression, that those architects were of Turkish origin, after reading the biography of them presented in http://www.greatbuildings.com/architects/Isidoros_and_Anthemios.html I would like to provide you with a few references that should help you correct this: 1) John Warren, Greek mathematics and the architects to Justinian, Coach Publishing House, Sussex, England, 1971 2) Heath, Sir Thomas Little, A History of Greek Mathematics (2 Vols.) Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1921. Reprint: Dover Publ., New York, 1981 3)G.L. Huxley, Anthemius of Tralles, A study of later Greek Geometry, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1959

64. Trigonometric Functions - Fairy Tales Antien Greek mathematicians Hipparchus (166125 BC) and about hundred years latermenelaus of alexandria (famous for his earliest theorems on spherical http://www.xmath.sjf.stuba.sk/diff/practise/tales/tale11.htm

Trigonometric functions In the ancient times mathematicians described the relation between the angle formed by two radii of a circle and the length of the line segment determined by the endpoints of the two radii on the circle. Antien Greek mathematicians Hipparchus (166-125 BC) and about hundred years later Menelaus of Alexandria (famous for his earliest theorems on spherical trigonometry) measured the lenght of the chords in the above configuration for different angles and calculated their ratio to the circle radius. These measures of chords were in fact double values of our nowadays sine function. These calculations were published in the famous book " Almagest - Syntaxis mathematica " by Greek Ptolemy Claudius (2 nd century AD) , where tables with chord measures for angles within to 360 degrees in the 30-minute steps order appeared together with a clear description of just how the table was constructed. In the 9 th century, Arabic mathematicians started to use halfs of the presented numbers only, that means half-sections. The name "sine" appeared in the 12 th century, after a non-proper translation of the arabic word "el dzeib", which means section - intersection, but also a bay.

65. TIMELINE 2nd CENTURY Page Of ULTIMATE SCIENCE FICTION WEB GUIDE by menelaus of alexandria, is the first definitive book on spherical trigonometry.Hellemans, p.49 Menelaus also wrote about the Anharmonic Ratio DE http://www.magicdragon.com/UltimateSF/timeline2.html

TIMELINE 2nd CENTURY Return to Timeline Table of Contents Return to Ultimate SF Table of Contents TIMELINE 2nd CENTURY May be posted electronically provided that it is transmitted unaltered, in its entirety, and without charge. We examine both works of fiction and important contemporaneous works on non-fiction which set the context for early Science Fiction and Fantasy. There are hotlinks here to authors, magazines, films, or television items elsewhere in the Ultimate Science Fiction Web Guide or beyond. Most recently updated: 22 June 2003 [106 kilobytes (formerly 100)]. This web page draws heavily on FACTS as listed in " The Timetables of Science Facts were also checked against " The 1979 Hammond Almanac " [ed. Martin A. Bacheller et al., Maplewood, New Jersey, 1978], p.795. It also utilizes facts from Volume I of D.E. Smith's " History of Mathematics " [(c) 1921 by David Eugene Smith; (c) 1951 by May Luse Smith; New York: Dover, 1958]. Facts are also drawn from the 1911 Encyclopedia Brittanica , and the Wikipedia Executive Summary of the Second Century China in the Second Century Japan in the Second Century India in the Second Century ... Historians, and Where to Go for More Information

66. Famous Mathematicians With An M Stefan Mazurkiewicz Walter McAfee John McClintock Margaret McDuff Kathleen McNultyEdward McShane Ernst Meissel Hjalmar Mellin menelaus of alexandria http://www.famousmathematician.com/az/mathematician_M.htm

Mathematicians - M Francis Macaulay James MacCullagh Hector Macdonald Sheila Scott Macintyre Saunders MacLane Colin Maclaurin Percy MacMahon Sangamagramma Madhava Leonty Magnitsky Wilhelm Magnus Muhyi al Maghribi Abu al Mahani Mahavira Mahavira Suri Mahendra Kurt Mahler John Maior Anatoly Malcev Nicolas Malebranche Francesco Malfatti Vivienne Malone-Mayes Etienne Louis Malus Benoit Mandelbrot Amedee Mannheim Paul Mansion Abu Mansur ibn Ali Vladimir Marchenko Jozef Marcinkiewicz Edward Marczewski Gregori Margulis Andrei Markov Lorenzo Mascheroni Heinrich Maschke Francis Maseres Nevil Maskelyne Max Mason George Mathews Claude-Louis Mathieu Yozo Matsushima John Mauchly Pierre de Maupertuis Francisco Maurolico James Clerk Maxwell Adolph Mayer Tobias Mayer Stanislaw Mazur Stefan Mazurkiewicz Walter McAfee John McClintock Margaret McDuff Kathleen McNulty Edward McShane Ernst Meissel Hjalmar Mellin Menelaus of Alexandria

67. Self-Service Science Forum Message Spherical geometry was studied by menelaus of alexandria about AD 100 and by theArabs about 1000. Its most famous theorem (discovered by Albert Girard, http://www2.abc.net.au/science/k2/stn/february2000/posts/topic40063.shtm

From: bart Subject: straight lines post id: 40063 If I travelled in a straight line forever would I come back to where I was? This forum is un-moderated. The views and opinions expressed are those of the individual poster and not the ABC. The ABC reserves the right to remove offensive or inappropriate messages. From: bart Subject: re: straight lines post id: 40066 and if I do come back to the place I start, do straight lines exist? This forum is un-moderated. The views and opinions expressed are those of the individual poster and not the ABC. The ABC reserves the right to remove offensive or inappropriate messages. From: mark Subject: re: straight lines post id: 40068 id say yes. This forum is un-moderated. The views and opinions expressed are those of the individual poster and not the ABC. The ABC reserves the right to remove offensive or inappropriate messages. From: Chris Mann Subject: re: straight lines post id: 40070 mathematically, no. The mathematic definition for a straight line (in Euclidean space) is a circle of infinite radius. R = inf therefore Circumferece = inf: Infinite length. However, because space is curved by gravity, and depending on how you draw your straight line, you may just end up where you started, because

68. LDAB religion quotation edition, A. Jones, Astronomical Papyri from Oxyrhynchus P.Oxy. 061 4133. authorname, menelaus of alexandria ? http://ldab.arts.kuleuven.ac.be/detail.php?theID=LDAB 7191

69. Encyclopedia: Hipparchus It was also observed in Alexandria, where the Sun was reported to be obscured Hipparchus and the observations of Agrippa and menelaus of alexandria from http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Hipparchus

Supporter Benefits Signup Login Sources ... Pies Related Articles People who viewed "Hipparchus" also viewed: Hipparchos Hipparchus (son of Pisistratus) 152 BC 2nd century BC ... 432 BC What's new? Our next offering Latest newsletter Student area Lesson plans Recent Updates ZGMF_600 GuAIZ ZGMF_515 CGUE Yoanna House Whitehall Study ... More Recent Articles Top Graphs Richest Most Murderous Most Taxed Most Populous ... More Stats Encyclopedia: Hipparchus Updated 209 days 26 minutes ago. Other descriptions of Hipparchus For the Athenian tyrant, see Hipparchus (son of Pisistratus) Hipparchus Greek ) (circa 190 BC 120 BC ) was a Greek astronomer geographer , and mathematician . The ESA 's Hipparcos Space Astrometry Mission was named after him. Hipparchus was born in Nicaea (now in Turkey) and probably died on the island of Rhodes . He is known to have been active at least from 147 BC to 127 BC . Hipparchus is considered the greatest astronomical observer, and by some the greatest astronomer of antiquity. He was the first Greek to develop quantitative and accurate models for the motion of the Sun and Moon. For this he made use of the observations and knowledge accumulated over centuries by the Chaldeans from Babylonia . He was also the first to compile a trigonometric table, which allowed him to solve any triangle. With his solar and lunar theories and his numerical trigonometry, he was probably the first to develop a reliable method to predict

70. Hipparchus - Definition Of Hipparchus In Encyclopedia Pappus of Alexandria described it (in his commentary on the Almagest of that Hipparchus and the observations of Agrippa and menelaus of alexandria from http://encyclopedia.laborlawtalk.com/Hipparchus

Add to Favorites General Encyclopedia Legal ... Law forum Search Word: Visit our Law forums Labor Law Accidents Law Bankruptcy Law Business Law ... Tax Law For the Athenian tyrant, see Hipparchus (son of Pisistratus) Hipparchus Greek ) (circa 190 BC 120 BC ) was a Greek astronomer astrologer geographer , and mathematician . The ESA 's Hipparcos Space Astrometry Mission was named after him. Hipparchus was born in Nicaea (now in Turkey) and probably died on the island of Rhodes . He is known to have been active at least from 147 BC to 127 BC . Hipparchus is considered the greatest astronomical observer, and by some the greatest astronomer altogether, of antiquity. He was the first Greek to develop quantitative and accurate models for the motion of the Sun and Moon. For this he made use of the observations and knowledge accumulated over centuries by the Chaldeans from Babylonia . He was also the first to compile a trigonometric table, which allowed him to solve any triangle. With his solar and lunar theories and his numerical trigonometry, he was probably the first to develop a reliable method to predict solar eclipses . His other achievements include the discovery of precession , the compilation of the first star catalogue , and probably the invention of the astrolabe Claudius Ptolemaeus three centuries later depended much on Hipparchus. However, his synthesis of astronomy superseded Hipparchus's work: although Hipparchus wrote at least 14 books, only his commentary on the popular astronomical poem by

71. Free-TermPapers.com - History Of Math In the meantime, methods were developed for solving problems involving planetriangles, and a theoremnamed after the astronomer menelaus of alexandria-was http://www.free-termpapers.com/tp/28/mdg17.shtml

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72. IMSS - Multimedia Catalogue - Biographies - Jacob Ben Machir Ibn Tibbon Arabic by Muslim authors (Ibn alHaytham, al-Zarqâlî, Jâbir ibn Aflah, ibnRushd) and ancient Greek authors (Autolycos, Euclid, menelaus of alexandria). http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=biografia&lingua=ENG&c

73. Mathematics And The Greeks / Harvard University 140 Hipparchus of Nicaea; 100 menelaus of alexandria; 20 Vitruvius (Roman),architecture. BC AD. 50 Heron of Alexandria; 100 Nicomachus of Gerasa, http://courses.dce.harvard.edu/~mathe6/greeks.html

Home Preview Syllabus Books ... NoFrame Ancient Greeks Greece Interactive Map of the Ancient Greek World QTVR panoramic, interactive walk-throughs of sites from Actium to Zakros Greek Mathematicians Thalassic Age Thales of Miletus Anaximander of Miletus Anaximenes of Miletus Pythagoras of Samos ... Heraclitus of Ephesus Heroic Age Hippocrates of Chios Anaxagoras of Clazomenae Empedocles of Acragas Parmenides of Elea ... Hippasus of Metapontum Age of Plato and Aristotle Socrates (d. 399) Theodorus of Cyrene Theaetetus Plato Eudoxus of Cnidus ... Autolycus of Pitane Golden Age of Greek Mathematics Euclid of Alexandria Aristarchus of Samos Erastosthenes of Cyrene Archimedes of Syracuse ... Apollonius of Perga Decline of Greek Mathematics Hipparchus of Nicaea Menelaus of Alexandria Vitruvius (Roman), architecture B.C. A.D. Heron of Alexandria Nicomachus of Gerasa, neo-Pythagorean Theon of Smyrna Ptolemy of Alexandria ... Mathematics Timeline: Ancient Greece Greek History and Culture The Birth of Rational Cosmology Ancient History Sourcebook: Greece Greek Mythology Mythology, Heroes, Legends, Homer ... Concept of the Hero in Greek Civilization (Gregory Nagy video lectures) Greek Language Greek Alphabet Guide for Writing Greek Letters Ancient Greek Pronunciation Guide (w/audio) How close is the sound of Modern Greek to Classic Greek? (w/audio)

74. Who Was Who In Roman Times: List By Function, Results Marcellus Nonius(1066) No year; Marcus Junius Nipsus(2052) No year; Mary theJewess(569) No year; menelaus of alexandria(1006) year 98 AD http://www.romansonline.com/Descrpt.asp?Desc=SC

75. List Of Ancient Greeks - Art History Online Reference And Guide Menelaus (sculptor) sculptor; menelaus of alexandria - mathematician;Menestor - botanical writer; Menexenus - student of Socrates http://www.arthistoryclub.com/art_history/List_of_ancient_Greeks

76. À§´ëÇѼöÇÐÀÚ ¸ñ·Ï Menelaus, menelaus of alexandria Born about 70 in (possibly)Alexandria, Egypt Died about 130; Mengoli, Pietro Mengoli Born 1626 in http://www.mathnet.or.kr/API/?MIval=people_seek_great&init=M

77. Salem Press Catalog 775 Meleager of Gadara, 777 Menander (GrecoBactrian king), 778Menander (playwright), 779 Mencius, 780 menelaus of alexandria, 780 Menippus ofGadara, http://www.salempress.com/display.asp?id=301&column=Table_of_Contents

78. Ninemsn Encarta - Search View - Mathematics and a theorem—named after the astronomer menelaus of alexandria—was Using the Hindu sine function and Menelaus theorem, mathematicians from Habas http://au.encarta.msn.com/text_761578291__1/Mathematics.html

Search View Mathematics Article View To find a specific word, name, or topic in this article, select the option in your Web browser for finding within the page. In Internet Explorer, this option is under the Edit menu. The search seeks the exact word or phrase that you type, so if you don’t find your choice, try searching for a keyword in your topic or recheck the spelling of a word or name. Mathematics I. Introduction Mathematics , study of relationships among quantities, magnitudes, and properties and of logical operations by which unknown quantities, magnitudes, and properties may be deduced. In the past mathematics was regarded as the science of quantity, whether of magnitudes, as in geometry, or of numbers, as in arithmetic, or the generalization of these two fields, as in algebra. Towards the middle of the 19th century mathematics came to be regarded increasingly as the science of relations, or as the science that draws necessary conclusions. This latter view encompasses mathematical or symbolic logic—the science of using symbols to provide an exact theory of logical deduction and inference based on definitions, axioms, postulates, and rules for transforming primitive elements into more complex relations and theorems. This brief survey of the history of mathematics traces the evolution of mathematical ideas and concepts, beginning in prehistory. Indeed, mathematics is nearly as old as humanity itself: evidence of a sense of geometry and interest in geometric pattern has been found in the designs of prehistoric pottery and textiles and in cave paintings. Primitive counting systems were almost certainly based on using the fingers of one or both hands, as evidenced by the predominance of the numbers 5 and 10 as the bases for most number systems today.

79. Abel PORCELAINia/alexandria/817 menelaus , alexandria This piece is named for the great geometer, menelaus (70AD to 130 AD). menelaus s only surviving book, Sphaerica was the most http://www.forestcity.k12.ia.us/Pages/FCHS/Site/menelaus.htm

no photo available Menelaus of Alexandria (70 A.D. - 103 A.D.) Written and Researched by Amy Bowman and Micah Christensen One of the greatest mathematicians was Menelaus. He was born about 70 A.D. in Alexandria, Egypt. Menelaus wrote many books but only Sphaerica has survived. In this book he deals with spherical triangles and their application to astronomy. He was the first to write down the definition of a sperical triangle. In Book One of Sphaerica , he set up the basics for treating spherical triangles as Euclid treated plain triangles. This marked a turning poin in the development of spherical trigonometry. Book Two applies spherical trigonometry to astronomy. Book Three deals with spherical trigonometry and includes Menelaus' theorem. This diagram shows the theorem. (See below) A point lying on a side line of a triangle, but not coinciding with a vertex of the triangle, is called a Menelaus point of the triangle for this side. Menelaus also wrote a six book treatise on chords in a circle. He also estimated that the moon moves 1 degree per century. Menelaus died in 103 A.D. It is not known what part of the world that he died in, but it is believed to be near the Middle East, possibly Egypt.

80. History Of Alexandria: The Ptolemaic Legacy Later, Pappus wrote his Collection, menelaus studied spherical triangles, The construction of the Lighthouse of alexandria was completed during the http://ce.eng.usf.edu/pharos/Alexandria/History/legacy.html

The Ptolemaic Legacy The Mouseion / Library When Ptolemy Soter assumed power, he asked Demitrius Phalerus , a follower of Aristotle , to found a library system at Alexandria that would rival that of Athens. The Alexandrian Mouseion , however, far superseded its Greek prototype to become an intellectual and scientific institution; a university system rather than a bibliotheca. It was here, in the third century BC, that Archimedes invented the pump still in use today and known as Archimedes' screw , and, in the second century BC, that Hypsicles first divided the circle of the zodiac into 360 degrees. Ancient historians claim that the library's 500,000 book collection was so comprehensive that no manuscript was available in any library worldwide that was not available in Alexandria. Mathematics Have you ever heard of Euclidean Geometry? Did you know that Euclid lived, developed his theories, and wrote Elements at the Alexandria Mouseion during the reign of Ptolemy II Philadelphus? In his Elements , Euclid provided a comprehensive analysis of geometry, proportions, and theory of numbers. His other notable contribution

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