61. [EMLS 2.1 (April 1996: 3.1-26)] The Madness Of Syracusan Antipholus Unlike Shakespeare s Syracusan Antipholus, Plautus Syracusan menaechmus Syracusan menaechmus immediately decides that the man is insane certe hic http://www.collectionscanada.ca/eppp-archive/100/201/300/early_modern/html/1996/

The Madness of Syracusan Antipholus Robert Viking O'Brien California State University, Chico robert_obrien@macgate.csuchico.edu O'Brien, Robert Viking. "The Madness of Syracusan Antipholus." Early Modern Literary Studies Many readers of The Comedy of Errors notice that Egeon's possible execution provides a dark frame around what appears to be one of Shakespeare's most light-hearted comedies. Yet the threat of death that hangs over Egeon in the frame plot also hangs, in the main plot, over his Syracusan son. This threat results from Antipholus' Syracusan origins, of course, but alsoless obviously and more significantlyfrom the possibility that Syracusan Antipholus is losing his mind. The Elizabethans believed that, without correction, insanity usually led to death; for Shakespeare's audience, the deaths of Lear and Ophelia probably seemed inevitable as soon as the characters went mad. I shall argue in this essay that, in The Comedy of Errors , Shakespeare uses the possibility that Syracusan Antipholus is genuinely threatened by madness, and therefore death, to manipulate his audience's anxieties. I shall also show how, despite the play's dependence on a classical source, Syracusan Antipholus' descriptions of his "transformed" mind draw on specific, Elizabethan ideas about both supernatural and natural causes of madness. The character's first appearance on stage, as a wanderer newly disembarked from a ship, draws on strong cultural associations between wandering, water, and insanity. Michel Foucault explores these associations in

62. Latein: Www.latein-pagina.de Translate this page Er hatte Zwillingssöhne mit den Namen menaechmus und Sosicles, Einmal nahmder Vater den menaechmus mit nach Tarent (Süditalien) auf den Markt. http://www.latein-pagina.de/iexplorer/plautus.htm

Szene nach der Plautus-Komödie "Menaechmi" (709 ff.) Für "kleine" Lateinerinnen und Lateiner im 1. Jahr. In Syrakus (Sizilien) lebte einst ein reicher Kaufmann. Er hatte Zwillingssöhne mit den Namen Menaechmus und Sosicles , die selbst die Mutter kaum auseinanderhalten konnte. Einmal nahm der Vater den Menaechmus mit nach Tarent (Süditalien) auf den Markt. Der Bruder Sosicles blieb daheim. Im Menschengewühl verlor der Vater den Menaechmus aus den Augen. Er suchte ihn lange vergebens und starb dann vor Kummer. Die Trauer in der Familie in Syrakus war groß, als man vom Tod des Vaters und dem Verschwinden des Menaechmus hörte. Um an den verlorenen Zwilling zu erinnern, erhielt nun der Sosicles den Namen Menaechmus. Der echte Menaechmus hatte folgendes erlebt: Ein wohlhabender Kaufmann nahm sich des Jungen an. Als beide den Vater nicht gefunden hatten, nahm er ihn mit nach Epirus (Griechenland) und adoptierte ihn, weil er kinderlos war. Später verheiratete er ihn mit einer jungen Frau und setzte ihn nach seinem Tod als Alleinerben ein. In Syracus trauerte man weiter um den vermissten Sohn bzw. Bruder. So entschloss sich

63. The Twins One of the twins, menaechmus I (Michael Bianco), who was stolen in infancy This menaechmus II (Michael Buoni), now grown and with his servant Messenio http://www.backstage.com/backstage/showguide/review_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1

64. New Comedy Ctd/Rome Readings . Brockett, Essential, 7889; History, 36-71 36-65,. Dukore, DramaticTheory Horace and Longinus. Plautus, The menaechmus Twins; http://courses.nus.edu.sg/course/ellturne/TS2231plautrome.htm

TS 2231, Semest er New Comedy ctd /Rome Readings Brockett, Essential History Dukore Dramatic Theory : Horace and Longinus Plautus The Menaechmus Twins Roman Theatre Theatre originally had a religious background, but was part of wid er sense of celebration: “games” or ludi ; which could include chariot races, etc.” theatre as “sports ent er tainment” or “variety,” with what we might today consid er circus ent er tainment; Ludi Romani (Septemb er harvest festivals in honour of Jupit er , first established c. 600BC by the eld er Tarquin , Etruscan rul er at Rome ); in 240 BC (just aft er the First Punic War with Carthage ) the first play p er formed th er e; Oth er festivals Ludi florales or Floralia (April/May), Ludi c er eales or C er ealia and fun er ary/victory games; Audience could be unruly, could come and go as it pleased them during the p er formance: Horace in his Art of Poetry (24-20 BC) implies that they would not sit quiet (cp. Dukore p. 71); “Good sense” (Horace) and “elevation of mind” or the “sublime” ( Longinus , Greek philosopher c. AD) should be the main attributes of the drama, but these are seldom evident in the surviving plays.

65. Term Project - Are You A College Student Writing A Paper On Women In Other Cultu Women in Literature Homer’s “Odyssey”, Plautus’ “Brothers menaechmus”, andBoccaccio’s “Griselda” send me this paper http://www.termpapersrus.com/categories/263-010.html

term paper term papers term project term projects Yes!! We DO Have Papers On Your Topic!! All papers listed below are only $ onfile price /page with SAME DAY DELIVERY!! Bibliography pages are FREE!!! Papers On Women In Other Cultures Page 11 of 12 WOMEN IN IRAN send me this paper This essay examines the status of Iranian women by analyzing essays and news reports from both Iranian and Western sources. Bibligraphy lists 6 sources. Filename: MTwoiran.rtf Women in Islam send me this paper A six page paper which looks at the position of women in modern Islamic societies, particularly with regard to the socio-cultural influences which have led to a return to tradtional values whilst rejecting fundamentalism. Bibliography lists 5 sources. Filename: JLislam.rtf Women In Judaism, Christianity, Hinduism And Islam send me this paper 5 pages in length. Women and religion have historically been at odds with each other, inasmuch as most religious tenets have placed the female gender well below the socially, politically, economic and education status of men. While not all religions reflect the same degree of oppressiveness, such as with Judaism, Christianity and Hinduism, others like Islam have reflected an overt intolerance to women and their existence. Bibliography lists 7 sources. Filename: TLCrligW.rtf

66. Plautus (ca. 254-184 BC) Library Of Congress Citations Pleasant comedie called menaechmus Plautus, Titus Maccius. menaechmus Plautus,Titus Maccius. Brothers menaechmus Notes His Menaechmi of Plautus, 1930. http://www.malaspina.edu/~mcneil/cit/citlcplautus.htm

Plautus (ca. 254-184 BC) : Library of Congress Citations The Little Search Engine that Could Down to Name Citations National Library of Canada LC Online Catalog ... COPAC Database (UK) Book Citations [First 10 Records] Author: Norwood, Gilbert, b. 1880. Title: Plautus and Terence. Published: New York, Cooper Square Publishers, 1963. Description: vii, 212 p. 19 cm. Series: Our debt to Greece and Rome LC Call No.: PA6585 .N6 1963 Dewey No.: 872 Notes: "Notes and bibliography": p. [193]-204. Subjects: Plautus, Titus Maccius Criticism and interpretation. Terence Criticism and interpretation. Latin drama (Comedy) History and criticism. Latin drama (Comedy) Greek influences. Theater Rome History. Greece In literature. Control No.: 63010276 //r943 Author: Plautus, Titus Maccius. Uniform Title: Epidicus. English Title: Epidicus. Translated by Benny R. Reece. Published: Greenville, S.C., Furman University, 1967. Description: iii, 68 p. 21 cm. LC Call No.: PA6570.E6 R4 Dewey No.: 872/.01 Subjects: Greece Drama. Comedies. gsafd Other authors: Reece, Benny R., tr. Control No.: 68000837 //r954 Author: Plautus, Titus Maccius. Title: Plautus for reading and production: Captivi, Curculio, Mostellaria, with five scenes from other comedies. Adapted, with running vocabulary and notes, by Allan G. Gillingham. With an introd. on staging by Eric C. Baade. Published: [Glenview, Ill.] Scott, Foresman [1968] Description: 184 p. illus. 25 cm. LC Call No.: PA6568.A5 G5 1968 Dewey No.: 872/.01 Notes: Text of the plays in Latin. Subjects: Latin drama (Comedy) Adaptations. Greece Drama. Comedies. gsafd Other authors: Gillingham, Allan G., ed. Control No.: 68007226 //r956

67. Parabolas In Suspension Bridges! Oh, My! The parabola was explored by menaechmus (380 BC to 320 BC), Instead, menaechmussolved it by finding the intersection of the two parabolas x2=y and http://www.carondelet.pvt.k12.ca.us/Family/Math/03210/page2.htm

The History Definition Breakdown of the Equation The History The parabola was explored by Menaechmus (380 BC to 320 BC), who was a pupil of Plato and Eudoxus. He was trying to dublicate the cube by finding the side of the cube that has an area double the cube. Instead, Menaechmus solved it by finding the intersection of the two parabolas x =y and y Euclid (325 BC to 265 BC) wrote about the parabola. Apollonius (262 BC to 190 BC) named the parabola. Pappus (290 to 350) considered the focus and directrix of the parabola. Pascal (1623 to 1662) considered the parabola as a projection of a circle. Galileo (1564 to 1642) showed that projectiles falling under uniform gravity follow parabolic paths. Gregory (1638 to 1675) and Newton (1643 tp 1727) considered the properties of a parabola. Apollonius Galileo Pascal Euclid Definition A parabola is a set of all points that are the same distance from a fixed line (directrix) and a fixed point (focus) not on the directrix. The parabola is also classified as a member of the family of conic sections, which includes the circle, ellipse, and hyperbola. A conic section is defined as intersections of a plane and a cone. A parabola is defined as a plane that intersects a cone when it is slanted at the same side of the cone (or parallel to the slant height).

68. The Origins Of Greek Mathematics Members of the school included menaechmus gif and his brother Dinostratus As the inventor of the conics menaechmus no doubt was aware of many of the now http://www.math.tamu.edu/~don.allen/history/greekorg/greekorg.html

Next: About this document The Origins of Greek Mathematics Though the Greeks certainly borrowed from other civilizations, they built a culture and civilization on their own which is The most impressive of all civilizations, The most influential in Western culture, The most decisive in founding mathematics as we know it. Basic facts about the origin of Greek civilization and its mathematics. The best estimate is that the Greek civilization dates back to 2800 B.C. just about the time of the construction of the great pyramids in Egypt. The Greeks settled in Asia Minor, possibly their original home, in the area of modern Greece, and in southern Italy, Sicily, Crete, Rhodes, Delos, and North Africa. About 775 B.C. they changed from a hieroglyphic writing to the Phoenician alphabet. This allowed them to become more literate, or at least more facile in their ability to express conceptual thought. The ancient Greek civilization lasted until about 600 B.C. The Egyptian and Babylonian influence was greatest in Miletus, a city of Ionia in Asia Minor and the birthplace of Greek philosophy, mathematics and science. From the viewpoint of its mathematics, it is best to distinguish between the two periods: the

69. Footnotes menaechmus menaechmus invented the conic sections. Only one branch of thehyperbola was recognized at this time. . http://www.math.tamu.edu/~don.allen/history/greekorg/footnode.html

Theodorus proved the incommensurability of , , , ...,. Archytas solved the duplication of the cube problem at the intersection of a cone, a torus, and a cylinder. ...histories Here the most remarkable fact must be that knowledge at that time must have been sufficiently broad and extensive to warrant histories ...Anaximander Anaximander further developed the air, water, fire theory as the original and primary form of the body, arguing that it was unnecessary to fix upon any one of them. He preferred the boundless as the source and destiny of all things. ...Anaximenes Anaximenes was actually a student of Anaximander. He regarded air as the origin and used the term 'air' as god ...proofs. It is doubtful that proofs provided by Thales match the rigor of logic based on the principles set out by Aristotle found in later periods. ...incommensurables. The discovery of incommensurables brought to a fore one of the principle difficulties in all of mathematics - the nature of infinity. ...discovered as attested by Archimedes. However, he did not rigorously prove these results. Recall that the formula for the volume pyramid was know to the Egyptians and the Babylonians. ...Persians. This was the time of Pericles. Athens became a rich trading center with a true democratic tradition. All citizens met annually to discuss the current affairs of state and to vote for leaders. Ionians and Pythagorean s were attracted to Athens. This was also the time of the conquest of Athens by Sparta.

70. CLAS 3371 Ancient Comedy And Its Influence. Section 12850 Dr OCT. 25 Plautus Brothers menaechmus. OCT. 27 Plautus Brothers menaechmus. OCT.29 Plautus The Haunted House. NOV. 1 Plautus. NOV. 3 Plautus. NOV. http://www.class.uh.edu/mcl/faculty/armstrong/home/comedymain.html

CLAS 3371 Ancient Comedy and Its Influence. section 12850 Dr. Richard Armstrong richarda@mail.uh.edu MWF 12-1pm AH 322 Petitioned Honors Credit. Performing / Visual Arts Common Core Credit. No prior knowledge of ancient literature or history is assumed. Students who are likely to find obscene language offensive are advised that some of the texts used contain considerable amounts of profanity. There will be a series of short written assigments tied directly to the readings and to some video productions; there will also be at least one quiz on terminology. In addition, there will be one final examination, but no midterm examination. All readings are in English translation. Basic Grading Breakdown 1. Written assignments: 60% 3. Final examination 20% Required booklist (please buy these specific translations): The Homeric Hymns . Tr. Susan Shelmerdine. Focus Publishing, 1995. Aristophanes' Acharnians nd edition. Tr. Jeffrey Henderson. Focus Publishing, 1992. Aristophanes' Clouds.

71. Comedy 22, Plautus The menaechmus Brothers. A comedy of errors and mistaken identities.24, The menaechmus Brothers. 29, Commedia dell arte (improvisational http://www.umass.edu/complit/aclanet/comedy.htm

Comedy SPRING 2000 Comparative Literature Sally Lawall 315 South College Tu-Thu 11:15 Office Hours: M 2:00-3:00, T 1:30-3:00, and by appt. Machmer W-24 e-mail: aclamail@complit.umass.edu Texts: Aristophanes: Lysistrata, The Acharnians, The Clouds, tr. Sommerstein Plautus: Four Comedies, tr. Segal Shakespeare: The Comedy of Errors Tartuffe , tr. Wilbur Beaumarchais: The Marriage of Figaro Gogol: The Inspector General, tr. Seymour and Noyes The Visit, tr. Bowles Howe: The Art of Dining Soyinka: The Lion and the Jewel Ionesco: Rhinoceros , tr. Derek Prouse Commedia dell'arte scenario, lazzi (duplicated material) Requirements: One term paper (7 pages, 30%; choose topic in consultation with instructor), 6 quizzes (lowest two dropped, so no make-ups; 5% each: total 20%), participation in two class performances of selected scenes (10% each; graded on degree of contribution), midterm exam (20%), attendance and class participation (10%). Students wishing to use this course for Comparative Literature major credit must do some work in foreign language texts: see instructor for details. Aim: To examine a series of international comedies from the ancient Greeks to modern Greeks to modern Europe, Africa, and America, focusing on comic strategies and traditions, on theatrical representation of comic effects, and on the kind of laughter provoked... which often reveals their and our assumptions of what is funny.

72. Comedy 22 Plautus The menaechmus Brothers. A comedy of errors and mistaken identities.24 The menaechmus Brothers. 29 Commedia dell arte (improvisational popular http://www.umass.edu/complit/aclanet/ACLAText/comedy.htm

Comedy SPRING 2000 Comparative Literature Sally Lawall 315 South College Tu-Thu 11:15 Office Hours: M 2:00-3:00, T 1:30-3:00, and by appt. Machmer W-24 e-mail: aclamail@complit.umass.edu Texts: Aristophanes: Lysistrata, The Acharnians, The Clouds, tr. Sommerstein Plautus: Four Comedies, tr. Segal Shakespeare: The Comedy of Errors Tartuffe , tr. Wilbur Beaumarchais: The Marriage of Figaro Gogol: The Inspector General, tr. Seymour and Noyes The Visit, tr. Bowles Howe: The Art of Dining Soyinka: The Lion and the Jewel Ionesco: Rhinoceros , tr. Derek Prouse Commedia dell'arte scenario, lazzi (duplicated material) Requirements: One term paper (7 pages, 30%; choose topic in consultation with instructor), 6 quizzes (lowest two dropped, so no make-ups; 5% each: total 20%), participation in two class performances of selected scenes (10% each; graded on degree of contribution), midterm exam (20%), attendance and class participation (10%). Students wishing to use this course for Comparative Literature major credit must do some work in foreign language texts: see instructor for details. Aim: To examine a series of international comedies from the ancient Greeks to modern Greeks to modern Europe, Africa, and America, focusing on comic strategies and traditions, on theatrical representation of comic effects, and on the kind of laughter provoked... which often reveals their and our assumptions of what is funny.

73. Roman Women @ Willamette 2) Plautus, Four Comedies (The Braggart Soldier, The Brothers menaechmus, TheHaunted House, The Pot of Gold), tr. Erich Segal. http://www.willamette.edu/cla/classics/Faculty/romanwomen.html

Dr. Knorr's Homepage Classes Offered Spring 2002 Classes Offered Fall 2002 Classical Studies Home created: 03/08/02 Portrait of a woman, c. A.D. 130. Encaustic on cedarwood with added gilding Women in Roman Literature and Life CLAS-247 (IT): TTh 1:40-3:10, ETN 311 Professor Ortwin Knorr Classical Studies Program; Mailbox: 107 Eaton; Email: oknorr@willamette.edu Office Hours: TTh 3:15-4:15 p.m. and by appointment, 315 Eaton Through the study of ancient Roman texts in translation, this course explores the life of women in ancient Rome and the way their experience is reflected in five hundred years of Latin literature. You will emerge from this course knowing some memorable women from Roman history and myth. You will also have become familiar with their daily lives and the legal and social framework in which they moved. In addition, you will have gained the ability to interpret and critique various types of literary and non-literary evidence on the life of ancient Roman women. Finally, you should be able to meaningfully compare the situation of women today with those of their sisters in antiquity. Required Textbooks: 1) Livy

74. Timothy Moore, Musical Accompaniment In Roman Comedy In Menaechmi Plautus distinguishes the twin menaechmus brothers through musical menaechmus of Epidamnus is always accompanied, and at each of his http://duke.usask.ca/~porterj/abstracts/moore.html

To "Crossing the Stages" Home Page Crossing the Stages: The Production, Performance and Reception of Ancient Theater Timothy Moore Department of Classics The University of Texas at Austin Facing the Music: Musical Accompaniment and the Performance of Roman Comedy Many basic questions about the musical element of Roman comedy remain unsolved, and, probably, unsolvable. Many scholars, however, have accepted the theory of Friedrich Ritschl regarding the basic distinction between diverbia and cantica: diverbia were passages in iambic senarii, during which the tibicen did not play; cantica were passages in all other meters, which were accompanied by the tibiae. Ritschl's distinction between diverbium and canticum is of great significance, for it means that we can tell from the text which passages were and were not accompanied. In this paper I will consider the implications of Ritschl's theory for the interpretation of Roman comedy, and I will propose that in performing Roman comedies today, we can recreate at least part of the effect intended by Plautus and Terence if we follow their metrical cues for accompaniment. Many factors, including tradition, tone and emotion, plot, and structure, helped to determine which passages were or were not accompanied in Roman comedy. In most plays of Plautus and some of Terence, however, the most significant factor governing accompaniment was contrast between characters: certain character types tended to be accompanied, while others usually spoke without accompaniment; and patterns of accompaniment helped determine which characters spectators found most sympathetic. Musical contrast between characters is especially evident in Plautus'

75. Duplication Of The Cube menaechmus cube duplication is an example of analysis he assumed the mean The difference is that what menaechmus does by means of conics is here done http://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~cs507/projects/1998/zafiroff/

Duplication of the cube by Francois Rivest and Stephane Zafirov History Hippocrate Archytas Eudoxus ... End History Although Euclid solves more than 100 geometric construction problems in the Elements , many more were posed whose solutions required more than just compass and straightedge. Three such problems stimulated so much interest among later geometers that they have come to be known as the "classical problems": doubling the cube , i.e., constructing a cube whose volume is twice that of a given cube; trisecting the angle , i.e., constructing the third of an angle; and squaring the circle , i.e., constructing a square of area equal to that of a given circle. In what follows, we will be mainly concerned with the first of these problems: how to double a cube? One possible issue for the origin of the cube duplication problem is the following. An ancient tragic poet had represented Minos as dissatisfied with a tomb which he had put up to Glaucus, and which was only 100 feet each way. He therefore ordered it to be made double the size, the poet making him add that each dimension should be doubled for this purpose(!). The poet was, as showed von Wilamowitz, not Aeschylus or Sophocles or Euripides, but some obscure person who owes the notoriety of his lines to his ignorance of mathematics. Geometers took up the question and made no progress for a long time, until Hippocrates of Chios showed that the problem was reducible to that of finding two mean proportionals in continued proportion between two given straight lines. Again, after a time, the Delians were told by the oracle that, if they would get rid of a certain plague, they should construct an altar of double the size of the existing one. They consulted therefore Plato who replied that the oracle meant, not that god wanted an altar of double the size, but that he intended, in setting them the task, to shame the Greecs for their neglect of mathematics and their contempt for geometry. According to Plutarch

76. TEI Perforce Version Control System, Change 44598 role xmlid= menae menaechmus /role /castItem castItem rolexmlid= penic Peniculus /role /castItem 940941c940,941 castItem role http://www.tei-c.org/P5/Changes/teichange-44598.html

TEI Perforce version control system, Change 44598

77. ?teiSOF P2drbod.odd ? ! $Id P2drbod.odd,v 1.13 1998/02/01 castItem role id=M2 menaechmus / / castItem role id=PEN Peniculus / / ! l /sp sp who=M2 speaker menaechmus /speaker l Non edepol ego te, http://www.tei-c.org/Vault/GL/P4/CanonizedOdds/Odds/p2drbod.odd

The Body of a Performance Text The body of a performance text may be divided into structural units, variously called acts, scenes, stasima, entr'actes, etc. All such formal divisions should be encoded using an appropriate text-division element ( div , etc.), as further discussed in section . Whether divided up into such units or not, all performance texts consist of sequences of speeches (see ) and stage directions (see ). Speeches will generally consist of a sequence of chunk -level items: paragraphs, verse lines, stanzas, or (in case of uncertainty as to whether something is verse or prose) seg elements (see The boundaries of formal units such as verse lines or paragraphs do not always coincide with speech boundaries. Units such as songs may be discontinuous or shared among several speakers. As described below in section , such fragmentation may be encoded in a relatively simple fashion using the linkage and aggregation mechanisms defined in chapter Major Structural Divisions Large divisions in drama such as acts, scenes, stasima, or entr'actes are indicated by numbered or unnumbered div elements, as described in section

78. The Classics Department Of Augustana College World Literature 226 Wednesday Plautus, The Brothers menaechmus Friday Plautus, The Pot of Gold (Brothers menaechmus, Braggart Soldier, Haunted House, Pot of Gold) http://www.augustana.edu/academics/classics/department/CLHPwl226.html

The Classics Department of Augustana College World Literature 226: Classical Laughter Greek and Roman Comic Plays and Roman Satire Winter 2002-03 Three credits. L-suffix. Instructor: Thomas Banks The Main Idea Methods Grading ... Textbooks The Main Idea and Its Outcomes The main idea of the course is to explore the intellectual implications of two literary formscomedy and satirewhich center on the production of laughter as a catharsis. We do this via three ways of looking at those forms. Each way brings its controlling question. 1. The original social and historical context: What did they think and feel? 2. The forms as literature and performance: What do we think and feel? 3. The perennial patterns in human biological, psychological, and social relationships: What do comedy and satire do to (or for) human bodies and minds? The outcomes of the course are twofold, new and general. 1. New outcomes. These, from the course itself, are what one can do afterward that one probably couldn't do before: Link Classical comedies and satires to their original (social and philosophical and psychological) context.

79. The Ramesside Ellipse formally defined by menaechmus, a Greek philosopher born near Istanbul.Interestingly, menaechmus s teacher was one Eudoxus, who is recorded as having http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/davel/Ellipse.htm

The Ramesside Ellipse. A t the tomb of Ramesses VI, in the Valley of the Kings, is found a 3,200 year old architectural diagram that was constructed using knowledge that was, until recently, thought not to exist before Greek times. Not only did the Egyptians invent the arch, they apparently developed a mathematical method to construct them, and not just in semi circular form. . As described in Dieter Arnold's book Building in Egypt: Pharaonic Stone Masonry, a construction engineering diagram was found at KV9, the tomb of Ramesses VI in the Valley of the Kings, and was formed by a true ellipse based on a 3:4:5 triangle. What is an Ellipse? The picture below is a copy of the actual diagram. It's thought that this was used to build the vaulted astronomical ceiling of the main burial chamber. This dates to around 1140BC, and so we can see that the Egyptians were not just the fathers of mathematics as we know it, but the fathers of engineering and architecture. The most interesting aspect of this diagram is that the knowledge it displays is not attested to in any Egyptian mathematical texts, and orthodox science has long held that the ellipse was first formally defined by Menaechmus, a Greek philosopher born near Istanbul. Interestingly, Menaechmus's teacher was one Eudoxus, who is recorded as having studying in Egypt for a year, at Heliopolis around 350BC. Many other Greek philosophers such as Thales, Pythagoras and Plato are reputed to have studied in Egypt and to have brought the foundations of geometry to Greece from there.

80. Untitled Document Roman Writers, Xerox packet (Catullus, Horace,Martial, Juvenal) = X. Plautus,menaechmus Twins (in Xerox packet). Vergil, Aeneid, tr. Mandelbaum (Vintage) http://www.csulb.edu/~dhood/312sum05.htm

THE ROMAN WORLD 5:30-9:15 p.m. Tuesday-Thursday Summer 2005 CWL 312I HIST 312I Texts: Zoch, Ancient Rome = Z Terence, The Brothers (Focus) Roman Writers, Xerox packet (Catullus, Horace,Martial, Juvenal) = X Plautus, Menaechmus Twins (in Xerox packet) Vergil, Aeneid , tr. Mandelbaum (Vintage) DAY LECTURE TOPIC READING ASSIGNMENT May 31 Introduction; Chronological Parameters and Interdisciplinary Approaches; Primitive Institutions Roman Constitution Z 1-66 June 2 Roman Character; First Punic War Hannibal Plautus: Menaechmi Z 67-116; Plautus Menaechmus Twins June 7 Rise of the Senate ; Second Century Roman Society; Terence: Brothers Terence: Brothers Slides; Synthesis: Emergence Z 117-141 June 9 FIRST MID-TERM; Gracchi, Marius; Sulla Z 141-164 June 14 Pompey Pompey and Caesar; Catullus Xerox Packet: Catullus; Z 165-174 June 16 Caesar;

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