41. Almohads See studies by Abd alWahid al marrakushi 1881, repr. 1968) and R. Le Tourneau (1969).The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/people/A0803445.html

Home U.S. People Word Wise ... Homework Center Fact Monster Favorites 2006 TFK Almanac Quiz: Charlie and the Chocolate Factory SpongeBob Lemony Snicket ... Fantasy Books Reference Desk Atlas Almanacs Dictionary Encyclopedia ... Encyclopedia Almohads u Pronunciation Key Almohads , Berber Muslim dynasty that ruled Morocco and Spain in the 12th and 13th cent. It had its origins in the puritanical sect founded by Ibn Tumart , who stirred up (c.1120) the tribes of the Atlas Mts. area to purify Islam and oust the Almoravids . His successors, Abd al-Mumin , Yusuf II, and Yakub I Alfonso VIII of Castile in the battle of Alarcos, but in 1212 the Almohad army was defeated, and Almohad power in Spain was destroyed by the victory of the Spanish and Portuguese at Navas de Tolosa. In Morocco they lost power to the Merinid dynasty, which took Marrakech in 1269. See studies by Abd al-Wahid al Marrakushi 1881, repr. 1968) and R. Le Tourneau (1969). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Page Tools: Cite Print See more Encyclopedia articles on: Spanish and Portuguese History: Biographies AD AD AD ADS Business Cards Link to Fact Monster Add Fact Monster search ... Privacy Brought to you by: Information Please

42. CHRONOLOGY – Some Selected Dates In The Development Of Sundials And Solar Astro 1280, Abul Hhasan al marrakushi writes a manuscript (translated into French byJJ Sedillot in 1834) describing many types of dials and the methods for http://www.sundialsoc.org.uk/glossary/chronology/chronology.htm

CHRONOLOGY – some selected dates in the development of sundials and solar astronomy Date Development 9000 BC to 8000 BC The Maya make astronomical inscriptions and constructions in Central America. A marked bone (possibly) indicating months and lunar phases in use in Ishango (Zaire) 4228 BC to 2773 BC The Egyptians institute a 365-day calendar. The start of the year, coinciding with the annual Nile floods, is linked to the rising of Sirius (the Dog Star) in line with the sun. 1500 BC to 1450 BC L-shaped sundials used in Egypt. 1450 BC to 1400 BC Stonehenge achieves the form known today. 600 BC to 590 BC Sundials are used in China and the Chinese text "Arithmetic classic of the gnomon and the circular paths of the heaven" contains a version of the Pythagorean theorem. 585 BC Thales of Miletus (Turkey) correctly predicts a solar eclipse. 520 BC to 510 BC Anaximander introduces the sundial to Greece (previously used in Mesopotamia, Egypt and China. He also produces a cylindrical (sic) model of the Earth. 500 BC to 490 BC The Pythagoreans (Greece) introduce a spherical model of the Earth.

43. Arabic Numerals alBanna al-marrakushi s form of the numerals. He gave this form of the numeralsin his practical arithmetic book written around the beginning of the http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/PrintHT/Arabic_numerals.html

History topic: The Arabic numeral system The Indian numerals discussed in our article Indian numerals form the basis of the European number systems which are now widely used. However they were not transmitted directly from India to Europe but rather came first to the Arabic/Islamic peoples and from them to Europe. The story of this transmission is not, however, a simple one. The eastern and western parts of the Arabic world both saw separate developments of Indian numerals with relatively little interaction between the two. By the western part of the Arabic world we mean the regions comprising mainly North Africa and Spain. Transmission to Europe came through this western Arabic route, coming into Europe first through Spain. There are other complications in the story, however, for it was not simply that the Arabs took over the Indian number system. Rather different number systems were used simultaneously in the Arabic world over a long period of time. For example there were at least three different types of arithmetic used in Arab countries in the eleventh century: a system derived from counting on the fingers with the numerals written entirely in words, this finger-reckoning arithmetic was the system used for by the business community; the sexagesimal system with numerals denoted by letters of the Arabic alphabet; and the arithmetic of the Indian numerals and fractions with the decimal place-value system. The first sign that the Indian numerals were moving west comes from a source which predates the rise of the Arab nations. In 662 AD Severus Sebokht, a Nestorian bishop who lived in Keneshra on the Euphrates river, wrote:-

44. MidEast Web - Bibliography: Medieval And Ottoman Islam And The Arab World Buluggin alZiri al-Sanhaji, al-Tibyan, Edited by Levi-Provencal. Trans. AT Tibi,Cairo, 1963. Abd al-Wahid al-marrakushi(d. 1270), al- Mu jib. Trans. http://www.mideastweb.org/biblioislam_med.htm

Bibliography: Medieval Islam home news Main Bibliography top stories ... donations Bibliography : Islam and the Arab World in the Middle Ages and Ottoman Periods This page lists primarily works about Islam and the Arabs prior to modern times. The main bibliography page links to additional bibliographies of the Arab Middle East, Women, Oil, country bibliographies and other special topics. See also Islam and Islamic Fundamentalism for modern Islam, The Arab Middle East and North Africa Women in the Middle East etc. A new facility allows you to search for books by topic. This facility is still under development: Click here for Book Search Data Base Abbott, Nabia, Historical Texts, Vol. 1, Studies in Arabic Literary Papyri , Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1957. Abd Allah b. Buluggin al-Ziri al-Sanhaji, Al-Tibyan, Edited by Levi-Provencal. Trans. A.T. Tibi , Cairo, 1963. Abd al-Wahid al-Marrakushi(d. 1270), Al- Mu'jib. Trans. A. Huici , Miranada, Tetuan, 1955. Ahmad, Barakat, Muhammad and the Jews , New Delhi, Vikas Publishing House, 1979. Al-Hujwiri

45. History Of Astronomy: What's New At This Site On April 30, 1999 Crater alKhwarizmi (lunar feature). al-marrakushi (fl. c. 1262). Crateral-marrakushi (lunar feature); Find more about with alta Vista http://www.astro.uni-bonn.de/~pbrosche/new/new990430.html

History of Astronomy What's new History of Astronomy: What's new at this site on April 30, 1999 Some URLs have been updated. History of astronomy Persons A Abbe, Ernst ... Crater Abbe (lunar feature) , Jena, Germany (in German) Ernst-Abbe-Oberschule (Gymnasium) , Berlin, Germany (in German) Ernst-Abbe-Gymnasium , Oberkochen, Germany (in German) Abbot, Charles Greeley (1872-1973) Crater Abbot (lunar feature) Abel, Niels Henrik (1802-1829) Crater Abel (lunar feature) Abetti, Antonio (1846-1928) Crater Abetti (lunar feature) Abu'l Fida [Abu'L-fida; Abulfeda], Ismail (1273-1331) Crater Abulfeda (lunar feature) Abul Wafa [Abu'l-Wafa] Muhammad al-Buzjani (940-997) Crater Abul Wafa (lunar feature) Acosta, Cristobal (1515-c.1594) Solar system feature named after him. No other relation to astronomy known to us. Biographical data and references Crater Acosta (lunar feature) Adams, John Couch (1819-1892) Crater Adams (lunar feature) Agatharchides of Cnidus (? - c. 150 BC) Very short biography Crater Agatharchides (lunar feature) Find more about Agatharchides with Alta Vista Agrippa (fl. AD 92)

46. History Of Astronomy: Persons (A) alBanna, al-marrakushi ibn see Ibn al-Banna, al-marrakushi (1256-1321);albategnius see al-marrakushi (fl. c. 1262). Short biography and references http://www.astro.uni-bonn.de/~pbrosche/persons/pers_a.html

History of Astronomy Persons History of Astronomy: Persons (A) Deutsche Fassung Aaronson, Marc Abbadie, Antoine ... Abbon de Fleury [Abbo of Fleury; Abbo von Fleury; Albo; Albon Floriacensis] (c. 945-1004) Abbot, Charles Greeley Abbott, Francis Abbott, Francis (Jnr) Abel, Niels Henrik ... Abiosi [Abbiosi], Giovanni Battista [Jean-Baptiste] (fl. 1490-1520) Ablufarabius: see al-Farabi, Mohammed (c. 870-950) Abraham bar Hiyya Ha-Nasi [Abraham Ben Chaja [Chija]; Abraham Judaeus] (c.1065-c.1136) Short biography and references (MacTutor Hist. Math.) Short biography and references (C. Plicht) Short biography (Encycl. Brit.) Abraham Ben Dior [Ben David, Harischon; Josophat Ben Levi] (12th c.) Very short biography and references (C. Plicht) Abraham ben Meir ibn Ezra: see Ezra, Abraham ben Meir ibn (1092-1167) Abraham Zachut [Abraham Zacuto; Zagut] (c. 1450 - c. 1510) Very short biography and reference (C. Plicht) Abu Abdallah al-Battani (868-929): see al-Battani Abu al-Hasan: see Ali Ibn Rabban al-Tabari (838-870) Abu Ali Hasan Ibn al-Haitham (965-1040): see al-Haitham Abu al-Nasr al-Farabi (870-950): see al-Farabi Abu Dschaasar Almansur (712-775) Short biography and references (C. Plicht)

47. Myth 8 - Islam Is A Tolerant Religion almarrakushi, a Muslim historian of the almohad reign in North Africa, recounts the (7) - al-marrakushi, al-mu jib fi talkhis akhbar al-maghrib, trans. http://www.studytoanswer.net/myths_ch8.html

Myth #8 Islam is a Tolerant Religion Toleration - The American Example Islamic Intolerance of Opposing Views Islamic Intolerance Towards Other Religions Dhimmitude ... Islam Uber Alles By Any Means Necessary To evaluate the degree of tolerance in Islam, the term must be defined. For the purposes of this exposition, I shall eschew the "modern" definition of "tolerance" as espoused by the Political Correctness fascists on our college campuses, which gives the idea that all viewpoints, ideas, cultures, etc. etc. are equal and equally valid, and ought to be promoted equally. Instead, I shall go by the simple dictionary definition. "Tolerate", as defined by the Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary is, "To suffer to be, or to be done, without prohibition or hindrance; to allow or permit by not preventing." Thus, tolerance essentially means that you may not agree with something, but you do not hinder this "something" from being practiced, said, taught, etc. Tolerance does NOT mean agreeing with everything you hear, or promoting every viewpoint. From the standpoint of the discussion at hand, it merely means to not hinder another person from practicing a different religious faith or saying something with which you disagree.

48. Listacrateri alKhwarizmi M 3.1N 107.0E 18.0 Crater AW82 AW82. al-Khwarizmi T 7.0N 104.5E 15.0Crater AW82 AW82. al-marrakushi 10.4S 55.8E 8.0 Crater IAU1976 http://www.astrocampania.org/sezioni/luna/listacrateri.htm

CRATERI LUNARI OSSERVABILI Nome Latitudine Longitudine Diametro Riferimenti Abbe 57.3S 175.2E 66.0 Crater IAU1970 Abbe H 58.2S 177.9E 25.0 Crater AW82 Abbe K 59.6S 177.3E 28.0 Crater AW82 Abbe M 61.6S 175.3E 29.0 Crater AW82 Abbot 5.6N 54.8E 10.0 Crater IAU1973 Abel 34.5S 87.3E 122.0 Crater F1895 F1895 Abel A 36.6S 86.0E 19.0 Crater NLF? Abel B 36.7S 82.8E 41.0 Crater NLF? Abel C 36.0S 81.0E 31.0 Crater NLF? Abel D 37.7S 87.7E 30.0 Crater NLF? Abel E 37.8S 86.5E 13.0 Crater NLF? Abel J 35.5S 79.0E 11.0 Crater NLF? Abel K 35.0S 77.2E 9.0 Crater NLF?

49. AllRefer.com - Almohads (Spanish And Portuguese History, Biography) - Encycloped See studies by Abd alWahid al marrakushi 1881, repr. 1968) and R. Le Tourneau (1969).The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia Copyright © 2003, http://reference.allrefer.com/encyclopedia/A/Almohads.html

AllRefer Channels :: Health Yellow Pages Reference Weather September 07, 2005 Medicine People Places History ... Maps Web AllRefer.com You are here : AllRefer.com Reference Encyclopedia Spanish And Portuguese History, Biographies ... Almohads By Alphabet : Encyclopedia A-Z A Almohads, Spanish And Portuguese History, Biographies Related Category: Spanish And Portuguese History, Biographies Almohads u hadz] Pronunciation Key , Berber Muslim dynasty that ruled Morocco and Spain in the 12th and 13th cent. It had its origins in the puritanical sect founded by Ibn Tumart , who stirred up (c.1120) the tribes of the Atlas Mts. area to purify Islam and oust the Almoravids . His successors, Abd al-Mumin , Yusuf II, and Yakub I , succeeded in conquering Morocco and Muslim Spain, and by 1174 the Almohads had completely displaced the Almoravids. With time the Almohads lost some of their fierce purifying zeal; Yakub had a rich court and was the patron of AverroEs. Yakub defeated (1195) Alfonso VIII of Castile in the battle of Alarcos, but in 1212 the Almohad army was defeated, and Almohad power in Spain was destroyed by the victory of the Spanish and Portuguese at Navas de Tolosa. In Morocco they lost power to the Merinid dynasty, which took Marrakech in 1269. See studies by Abd al-Wahid al Marrakushi 1881, repr. 1968) and R. Le Tourneau (1969).

50. ASP: World Beat: Algeria such as alBitruji (known as alpetragius in the West), Ibn-Rushd (Averroes),al-marrakushi, and al- Qusuntini lived in Andalusia and North Africa. http://www.astrosociety.org/pubs/mercury/9602/algeria.html

home publications SEARCH ASP SITE: Publications Topics: Books ASP Conference Series IAU Publications Journals Publications of the ASP (PASP) Magazines Mercury Magazine Archive Guidelines for Authors Order Mercury Issues ... Mercury Advertising Rates World Beat: Algeria Mercury, March/April 1996 Table of Contents by Nidhal Guessoum, Kuwait College of Technological Studies (c) 1996 Astronomical Society of the Pacific "It is hard to describe what it is like to be living in a society whose culture is dying," wrote Egyptian human-rights activist Karim Al-Rawi. In Algeria today, to express an idea is to invite death, and the guns make little distinction among activism, apostasy, or astronomy. Algerian astronomy goes back over a thousand years to the times when scholars such as Al-Bitruji (known as Alpetragius in the West), Ibn-Rushd (Averroes), Al-Marrakushi, and Al- Qusuntini lived in Andalusia and North Africa. Their observations and calculations led to the design of astrolabes, the construction of time-keeping tables, and the critique of the Ptolemaic system [see "The Science of Knowing God," March/April 1995, p. 28]. As Western Europe rose to dominance, the Arab-Islamic civilization faded away, leaving only the memories of great science. In its place came ignorance and antagonism toward astronomy, the products of a widespread confusion with astrology and suspicions of a clash with religion. A thousand years after Al-Battani (Albategnius) proclaimed astronomy the noblest and most perfect of sciences, second in importance only to religion, who could have believed that Algeria would have no astronomy education whatsoever at any level?

51. Almohads. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 In Morocco they lost power to the Merinid dynasty, which took Marrakech in 1269.1. See studies by Abd alWahid al marrakushi 1881, repr. http://www.bartleby.com/65/al/Almohads.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia Cultural Literacy World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations Respectfully Quoted English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia PREVIOUS NEXT ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Almohads h dz) ( KEY ) , Berber Muslim dynasty that ruled Morocco and Spain in the 12th and 13th cent. It had its origins in the puritanical sect founded by

52. A Index Airy, George (2362*) Aitken, alec (1220*) Ajima, Naonobu (144) Akhiezer, NaumIl ich (248*) alBaghdadi, Abu (947) al-Banna, al-marrakushi (861) al-Battani http://www.gap-system.org/~history/Indexes/A.html

Names beginning with A The number of words in the biography is given in brackets. A * indicates that there is a portrait. Abbe , Ernst (602*) Abbott , Edwin (1456) Abel , Niels Henrik (2899*) Abraham bar Hiyya Abraham, Max Abu Kamil Shuja (1012) Abu Jafar Abu'l-Wafa al-Buzjani (1115) Ackermann , Wilhelm (205*) Adams, John Couch Adams, J Frank Adelard of Bath (1008) Adleman , Leonard (3314*) Adler , August (114) Adrain , Robert (1317*) Adrianus , Romanus (419) Aepinus , Franz (822*) Agnesi , Maria (2018*) Ahlfors , Lars (725*) Ahmed ibn Yusuf (660) Ahmes Aida Yasuaki (696) Aiken , Howard (665*) Airy , George (2362*) Aitken , Alec (1220*) Ajima , Naonobu (144) Akhiezer , Naum Il'ich (248*) al-Baghdadi , Abu (947) al-Banna , al-Marrakushi (861) al-Battani , Abu Allah (1333*) al-Biruni , Abu Arrayhan (3002*) al-Farisi , Kamal (1102) al-Haitam , Abu Ali (2490*) al-Hasib Abu Kamil (1012) al-Haytham , Abu Ali (2490*) al-Jawhari , al-Abbas (627) al-Jayyani , Abu (892) al-Karaji , Abu (1789) al-Karkhi al-Kashi , Ghiyath (1725*) al-Khazin , Abu (1148) al-Khalili , Shams (677) al-Khayyami , Omar (2140*) al-Khwarizmi , Abu (2847*) al-Khujandi , Abu (713) al-Kindi , Abu (1151) al-Kuhi , Abu (1146) al-Maghribi , Muhyi (602) al-Mahani , Abu (507) al-Marrakushi , ibn al-Banna (861) al-Nasawi , Abu (681) al-Nayrizi , Abu'l (621) al-Qalasadi , Abu'l (1247) al-Quhi , Abu (1146) al-Samarqandi , Shams (202) al-Samawal , Ibn (1569) al-Sijzi , Abu (708) al-Tusi, Nasir

53. Arab Számok Here are the numerals as they appear in a 1082 copy. The numerals from alBiruni streatise copied in 1082. al-Banna al-marrakushi s form of the numerals http://idi.ptmik.hu/IDI/Mathematics/szamok/1.htm

Arabic numerals It is often claimed that the first Arabic text written to explain the Indian number system was written by al-Khwarizmi . The Arabic text is lost but a twelfth century Latin translation, Algoritmi de numero Indorum (in English Al-Khwarizmi on the Hindu Art of Reckoning) gave rise to the word algorithm deriving from his name in the title. Unfortunately the Latin translation is known to be much changed from al-Khwarizmi 's original text (of which even the title is unknown). The Latin text certainly describes the Indian place-value system of numerals based on 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 0. The first use of zero as a place holder in positional base notation is considered by some to be due to al-Khwarizmi in this work. Here is an example of an early form of Indian numerals being used in the eastern part of the Arabic empire. It comes from a work of al-Sijzi , not an original work by him but rather the work of another mathematician which al-Sijzi copied at Shiraz and dated his copy 969. The numerals from al-Sizji's treatise of 969 The numerals had changed their form somewhat 100 years later when this copy of one of al-Biruni 's astronomical texts was made. Here are the numerals as they appear in a 1082 copy.

54. Saudi Aramco World : The Poet-King Of Seville: (Compilation) The historian almarrakushi wrote of al-Mu‘tamid, “If one wanted to list all theexamples of beauty produced by al-Andalus from the time of the conquest to http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/200407/the.poet-king.of.seville-.compilati

Compilation Issue 2004 Volume 55, Number 7 Compilation Issue 2004 Volume 55, Number 7 Written by Rose M. Esber Illustrated by Norman MacDonald in Arabic, reyes de taifas in Spanish. She stood in all her slender grace O may her beauty ever be It was as if she knew, I guess, She was a moon of loveliness; And may aught else the bright sun veil [What armor for a battle, if it froze!] Invisible to my eyes, thu art ever present to my heart. Thy happiness I desire to be infinite, as are my sighs, my tears, and my sleepless nights! Impatient of the bridle when other women seek to guide me, thou makest me submissive to thy lightest wishes. My desire each moment is to be at thy side. Speedily may it be fulfilled! I have won at the first onset That brave Amazon who with sword and spear Repelled all those who sought her in marriage. And now we celebrate our nuptials in her palace, While the other monarchs, my baffled rivals, Weep tears of rage and tremble with fear. With good reason do ye tremble, despicable foemen!

55. AMU CHMA NEWSLETTER #24 (11/16/00) Volume 42 almarrakushi Abu ali al-Hassan ibn ali ibn Umar (7th / 13th cent.)Texts and Studies. Collected and reprinted. http://www.math.buffalo.edu/mad/AMU/amu_chma_24.html

AMUCHMA-NEWSLETTER-24 Chairman: Paulus Gerdes (Mozambique) Secretary: Ahmed Djebbar (Algeria) Members: Cyprien Gnanvo (Benin) Nefertiti Megahed (Egypt) Mohamed Aballagh (Morocco) Abdoulaye Kane (Senegal) David Mosimege (South Africa) Mohamed Souissi (Tunisia) David Mtwetwa (Zimbabwe) Associate Members: TABLE OF CONTENTS Fifth PAN-AFRICAN CONGRESS OF MATHEMATICIANS Objectives of AMUCHMA Meetings, exhibitions, events Current Research Interests ... Have you read? - 2nd web page Announcements - 2nd web page Addresses of scholars and institutions mentioned in this newsletter - 2nd web page New recipients - 2nd web page THANKS TO SIDA-SAREC Suggestions Do you want to receive the next AMUCHMA-Newsletter AMUCHMA-NEWSLETTER website ... back to AMUCHMA ONLINE Fifth PAN-AFRICAN CONGRESS OF MATHEMATICIANS During the Fifth Pan-African Congress of Mathematicians (Cape Town, South Africa, 23-28 January 2000), the General Assembly of the African Mathematical Union analysed the activities of the AMU during the last five years, and elected the members of the new Executive Committee and the chairpersons of the AMU Commissions. The new Executive Committee of the AMU has the following composition: President: Prof. Jan Persens (South Africa)

56. AMU CHMA NEWSLETTER #1 (06/25/1987) M. Aballagh Comparative study of Talkhis and Raf alhijab of Ibn al-Banna between theory and practice with Ibn al-Banna al-marrakushi (1256-1321). http://www.math.buffalo.edu/mad/AMU/amu_chma_01.html

AMUCHMA-NEWSLETTER-1 Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique, 25.06.1987 Chairman: Paulus Gerdes (Mozambique) Secretary: Ahmed Djebbar (Algeria) Members: Georges Njock (Cameroon), Maasouma Kazim (Egypt), J. Mutio (Kenya), Lawrence Shirley (Nigeria), Geoffrey Mmari (Tanzania), Mohamed Souissi (Tunisia), Claudia Zaslavsky (USA) AMUCHMA ONLINE TABLE OF CONTENTS NEWSLETTER #1 0. " Welcome " Formation of AMUCHMA Objectives of AMUCHMA Meetings 2.1 2nd Pan-African Congress of Mathematicians Mathematics 2.2 First International Colloquium in Alger on the History of Arabic Mathematics 2.3 International Colloquium on the History of Fractions (Paris) 2.4 Papers Presented at Recent Meetings Theses in Progress or Completed Current Research Interests Seminars Education ... Do you want to receive the next AMUCHMA-Newsletter WELCOME From the President's Desk It is my great pleasure and privilege to write this "welcome" for the first edition of the newsletter of the AMU Commission on the History of Mathematics in Africa (AMUCHMA). Since the creation of this Commission under the dynamic leadership of Professor Paulus Gerdes by the current Executive Committee of the African Mathematical Union, the commission has demonstrated clearly its intention to make effective contribution to our knowledge of the history of Mathematics in Africa through conscientious implementation of its declared programme of activities including the publication of a Newsletter which is now a reality.

57. History Of Mathematics: Chronology Of Mathematicians 12551310); ibn al-Banna al marrakushi (1256-1321) *SB; John Duns Scotus (c.1266-1308) *SB; Peter Philomena of Dacia (fl. 1290-1300) *SB; Walter Burleigh http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/mathhist/chronology.html

Chronological List of Mathematicians Note: there are also a chronological lists of mathematical works and mathematics for China , and chronological lists of mathematicians for the Arabic sphere Europe Greece India , and Japan Table of Contents 1700 B.C.E. 100 B.C.E. 1 C.E. To return to this table of contents from below, just click on the years that appear in the headers. Footnotes (*MT, *MT, *RB, *W, *SB) are explained below List of Mathematicians 1700 B.C.E. Ahmes (c. 1650 B.C.E.) *MT 700 B.C.E. Baudhayana (c. 700) 600 B.C.E. Thales of Miletus (c. 630-c 550) *MT Apastamba (c. 600) Anaximander of Miletus (c. 610-c. 547) *SB Pythagoras of Samos (c. 570-c. 490) *SB *MT Anaximenes of Miletus (fl. 546) *SB Cleostratus of Tenedos (c. 520) 500 B.C.E. Katyayana (c. 500) Nabu-rimanni (c. 490) Kidinu (c. 480) Anaxagoras of Clazomenae (c. 500-c. 428) *SB *MT Zeno of Elea (c. 490-c. 430) *MT Antiphon of Rhamnos (the Sophist) (c. 480-411) *SB *MT Oenopides of Chios (c. 450?) *SB Leucippus (c. 450) *SB *MT Hippocrates of Chios (fl. c. 440) *SB Meton (c. 430) *SB

58. List Of Mathematicians - Art History Online Reference And Guide Yousef alavi; almarrakushi ibn al-Banna (Morocco, 1256 - 1321); Abu ArrayhanMuhammad ibn Ahmad al-Biruni (Uzbekistan, 973 - 1048); Giacomo albanese http://www.arthistoryclub.com/art_history/List_of_mathematicians

59. Curso Manual Tutorial Translate this page Nombre al-marrakushi ibn al-Banna. Formato del Recurso Página Web Valoración -De Navegación Buena - De Contenido 9 de 10 http://www.conocimientosweb.net/dcmt/topic1-86.html

60. Hours And Unequal Hours almarrakushi had designed sundials measuring time in equal hours; even earlier,Claudius Ptolemy had expressed the length of day and night at different http://explorers.whyte.com/hours.htm

Introduction This is one of four essays that I wrote for my M Phil degree in History and Philosophy of Science at Clare College, Cambridge, in 1990-91 (the others, on the transmission of science from the Greeks to the Arabs Richard of Wallingford and Sir Robert Ball , are also on this site as is my dissertation and a 1992 lecture based on some of the same material). I think it is the best of the four. I notice also that it draws by far the most visitors of the history of science pages on this site. The two improvements I would make now are to better define and reference the "orthodox view" which I am attacking, and to better integrate the literary quotations into the argument. If I ever have time I may try and polish it into publishable form. In the meantime, I hope it is useful to passing researchers. If you do find it useful, please tell me. Nicholas Whyte, Sint-Genesius-Rode/Rhode-St-Génèse, 23 July 1999; last modified 15 September 2002. About this site My Weblog Other related pages: the curse of the Presidents the assassination of Domitian This page has had visitors since 23 July 1999.

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