81. Mary Jo Loyd's Genealogy Site loyd Bell Berry - Fauver Germany to Augusta Co. Hise Sheffer Crum. Slovakia to Olyphant Jessup, Pa. Gabrish - Slaning http://www.italygenes.com/

Welcome to My Genealogy Site Genealogy Lines I Am Researching Italy to Carbondale, Pa. Italian Research Virginia Lines Collins England to Stokes Co., NC to Wythe Co. Including various other Southwest Va. Counties Mabe Jim Mabe's Compiled Mabe Site Wythe Co. Irvin-Corvin Augusta Co. Loyd - Bell Berry - Fauver Germany to Augusta Co. Hise Sheffer Crum Gabrish - Slaning ... Cmelik-Harvaniak Genealogy 51st Virginia Infantry Regiment Roster Engagements Links of interest to my research Links Email Mary Jo Loyd: Created May 24, 2000 / Updated Feb 23, 2004

82. Sam Loyd's Fifteen This puzzle was invented by Sam loyd more than a hundred years ago. Eric Weisstein has noticed my misspelling of Sam loyd s name. http://www.cut-the-knot.org/pythagoras/fifteen.shtml

Username: Password: Sites for teachers Sites for parents Awards Interactive Activities ... Sites for parents Sam Loyd's Fifteen This puzzle was invented by Sam Loyd more than a hundred years ago. It became an instantaneous success much like the Rubik's cube 100 years later. Some of its history is narrated elsewhere. As probably every one knows, the purpose of the puzzle is to get the original ordering of the counters after they have been randomly reshuffled. The only allowed moves are sliding counters into the empty square. The puzzle's theory says that there are two groups of starting configurations. Configurations in the first could eventually be solved whereas configurations in the second are unsolvable. The difference between the two is that configurations in the former group can be obtained by acting backwards - starting with the target ordering and just randomly sliding the counters. Configurations of the unsolvable group are obtained when, in addition, two neighboring counters are physically lifted and their positions swapped. Pressing the Cheat button below does precisely this.

83. Sam Loyd's Son's Dissection Sam loyd s Son s Dissection how and why one can cut an area and rearrange the pieces to get a smaller area. http://www.cut-the-knot.org/Curriculum/Fallacies/SamLoydSon.shtml

Username: Password: Sites for teachers Sites for parents Awards Interactive Activities ... Sites for parents Sam Loyd's Son's Dissection: What Is Wrong? dissection Martin Gardner attributes this puzzle to Sam Loyd's son who adopted his father's name and occupation. Greg Frederickson attributes the puzzle to Walter Dexter (1901), which is likely to be an earlier source. This rearrangement is more sensitive to small size discrepancies involved in the dissection. The overlaps are more prominent even where I tried to programmatically conceal them (Check the "Cheat" button.) References G. N. Frederickson, , Cambridge University Press, 1997, 273-274 M. Gardner, Mathematics Magic and Mystery , Dover, 1956, pp. 133-134 Dissection Paradoxes Curry's Paradox A Faulty Dissection Langman's Paradox Sam Loyd's Son's Dissection Alexander Bogomolny Search: All Products Apparel Baby Beauty Books DVD Electronics Gourmet Food Personal Care Housewares Magazines Musical Instruments Music Computers Software VHS Computer Games Cell Phones Keywords: G o o g ... e Web CTK Latest on CTK Exchange probability Posted by tennyson 6 messages 03:13 PM, Aug-29-05

84. Math Games: The Sam Loyd Cyclopedia Of Puzzles I ve put Sam loyd s Cyclopedia of 5000 Puzzles, Tricks, and Conundrums, Based on the Cyclopedia, Martin Gardner titled one column Sam loyd America s http://www.maa.org/editorial/mathgames/mathgames_01_03_05.html

Search MAA Online MAA Home Math Games The Sam Loyd Cyclopedia of Puzzles Ed Pegg Jr., January 3, 2005 I've put Sam Loyd's Cyclopedia of 5000 Puzzles, Tricks, and Conundrums , sometimes called the Cyclopedia of Puzzles , entirely online . You can view individual pages , or download a zipped file of the entire book. I could perhaps close the column there, due to fame of the Cyclopedia , heretofore unavailable online. Take a look How famous? Based on the Cyclopedia , Martin Gardner titled one column "Sam Loyd: America's Greatest Puzzlist," and put together the 1959 recompilations for Dover, Mathematical Puzzles and More Mathematical Puzzles . Don Knuth has made a careful index of the Cyclopedia 's contents. Loyd is mentioned in the MacTutor History of Mathematics. Will Shortz has the following to say: "Despite all its flaws, Loyd's Cyclopedia is still probably the most important and exciting puzzle book ever published." Some highlights: The Pony Puzzle ( page 17 ). "I was returning from Europe many years ago in company with Andrew G. Curtin. We were walking on the deck of the steamer, discoursing on the curious White Horse monument on Uppington Hill, Berkshire England. If you know nothing about that weird relic of the early Saxons, the accompanying sketch will afford an excellent idea of its appearance. It represents the figure of a colossal white horse, several hundred feet long, engraved on the side of the mountain, about a thousand feet above the level of the sea, so that it can be clearly distinguished at a distance of some 15 miles." [His picture of White Horse has problems, as can be seen.]

85. Can You Better Sam Loyd? Plato s Geometrical Number Problem offered and solved by Sam loyd. Can you better his solution? AN idea for a math project. http://www.cut-the-knot.com/pythagoras/Plato.shtml

Username: Password: Sites for teachers Sites for parents Awards Interactive Activities ... Sites for parents Can you better Sam Loyd? Those in search of a next mathematical project may want to look through the treasure trove of puzzles bequeathed by Sam Loyd, the greatest American puzzlist. Born in 1841, he invented (according to his own account) his first puzzle at the age of 9. When he was 16 he became problem editor of the Chess Monthly and made a good living of puzzle invention till his death in 1911. One of his problems ( Fifteen ) caused a national craze on both sides of the Atlantic. Some other puzzles also sold by the millions. Loyd's ingenuity might only be compared to that of his contemporary, H.E. Dudeney - England's greatest puzzlist. The project may consist in skimming through Loyd's puzzles with a bold idea of coming up with a solution to one of the puzzles that is different from or even better in some sense than Loyd's original solution. The task may not be all that difficult because his audience of a century ago very much shared in the modern attitude towards mathematics. His geometric puzzles often require true ingenuity, but those that call for numerical manipulations can, in most cases, be solved by simple algebraic methods. Loyd's solutions are mostly arithmetic.

86. Sam Loyd's Geometric Puzzle Musings on why Sam loyd in one of his puzzles did not apply Heron s formula, but used the Pythagorean theorem instead. http://www.cut-the-knot.com/pythagoras/Loyds.shtml

Username: Password: Sites for teachers Sites for parents Awards Interactive Activities ... Sites for parents Sam Loyd's Geometric Puzzle I've been thumbing through Mathematical Puzzles of Sam Loyd selected and edited by Martin Gardner (Dover, 1959), when I came across a puzzle whose set up and the original solution by Sam Loyd amused me greatly. This is the puzzle #36 from the book. The puzzle is framed into a story of an auction at which a plot of land comprising three squares surrounding a triangular lake was offered for sale. Sam Loyd states the puzzle thus: The question I ask our puzzlists is to determine how many acres there would be in that triangular lake, surrounded as shown by square plots of 370, 116 and 74 acres. The problem is of peculiar interest to those of a mathematical turn, in that it gives a positive and definite answer to a proposition which, according to usual methods, produces one of those ever-decreasing, but never-ending decimal fractions. More than by the puzzle itself I was amused by Sam Loyd's ingenious solution.

87. 14-15 Puzzle / Boss Puzzle This puzzle is often attributed to Sam loyd. This is not entirely true. He probably did not invent the puzzle, but he did invent the 1415 puzzle, http://www.geocities.com/jaapsch/puzzles/fifteen.htm

14-15 puzzle / Boss puzzle The standard sliding piece puzzle is often called the 15-puzzle. It consists of a square tray containing 15 square tiles and one open space in a 4x4 arrangement. The tiles are usually numbered 1 to 15, or have some kind of picture on them. Any tile lying next to the space can slide into it, and so the tiles can be mixed up. The aim is to get them back in order; either so that the picture is restored, or so that the numbers are in numerical order from left to right, top to bottom, with the space at the bottom right. This puzzle is often attributed to Sam Loyd. This is not entirely true. He probably did not invent the puzzle, but he did invent the 14-15 puzzle, the variation in which the tiles numbered 14 and 15 are swapped, with all other tiles in place. In the 1870's he offered a $1000 prize for whoever could solve this. He knew however that this puzzle could not possibly be solved. Suppose the inside of the tray containing the tiles has a checkerboard pattern. Sliding a single tile will then always change the colour visible in the space. Any sequence of moves that brings the space back to where it started will therefore have an even number of moves. A single move can be considered to be a swap between the space and the tile, and an even number of moves is therefore an even permutation. A single swap of the tiles 14 and 15 is an odd permutation and hence not possible. Apparently Loyd was not granted a patent for this puzzle since he could not supply a working (solvable) model.

88. Puzzles By Sam Loyd Ten puzzles from a collection that appeared in various newspapers and magazines over the previous fifty years. http://thinks.com/puzzles/loyd/loyd.htm

Home Puzzle Parade Classic Puzzles by Sam Loyd Sam Loyd (1841-1911) was America's greatest puzzle expert and invented thousands of ingenious and tremendously popular puzzles. After his death, Loyd's son published the Cyclopedia of Puzzles, a huge collection of Loyd's puzzles which had appeared in various newspapers and magazines over the previous fifty years. The following puzzles come from that collection: The Four Elopements Carnival Dice Game The St. Patrick's Day Parade Dividing His Flocks ... Books by Sam Loyd Search the Web Search Thinks.com in category: All Products Apparel Baby Beauty Books Classical Music DVD Electronics Gourmet Food Jewelry Magazines Music Musical Instruments Office Products Outdoor Living Pet Supplies Photo Software Sporting Goods Toys VHS Video Games Games, Puzzles, Pastimes Cash Games Crossword Central Daily Content ... Support Thinks.com

89. Moving Day Puzzle By Sam Loyd The Moving Day Puzzle by Sam loyd. Interchange pieces A and B. Home. your browswer does not support JAVA, sorry. ©19982005 by Nick Baxter. http://www.puzzleworld.org/SlidingBlockPuzzles/moving.htm

The Moving Day Puzzle by Sam Loyd Interchange pieces A and B Home your browswer does not support JAVA, sorry. ©1998-2005 by Nick Baxter

90. Unnamed Puzzle By Sam Loyd Unnamed puzzle by Sam loyd. Interchange corresponding odd and even pieces. Home. your browswer does not support JAVA, sorry. ©19982005 by Nick Baxter. http://www.puzzleworld.org/SlidingBlockPuzzles/trench2.htm

Unnamed puzzle by Sam Loyd Interchange corresponding odd and even pieces Home your browswer does not support JAVA, sorry. ©1998-2005 by Nick Baxter

91. Sam Loyd's Back From The Klondike Sam loyd s Back from the Klondike. © Copyright 2003, Jim Loy. Back from the Klondike On the left, we have Sam loyd s puzzle, Back From the Klondike, http://www.jimloy.com/puzz/klondike.htm

Return to my Puzzle pages Go to my home page Sam Loyd's Back from the Klondike On the left, we have Sam Loyd's puzzle, Back From the Klondike , with a correction. Apparently, the following are Sam Loyd's original instructions: Euler, the great mathematician, discovered a rule for solving all manner of maze puzzles, which, as all good puzzlists know, depends chiefly upon working backwards. The accompanying puzzle, however, was built purposely to defeat Euler's rule, and out of the many attempts is probably the only one that twoarts his method. Start from the heart in the center. Go three steps in a straight line in any one of the eight directions, north, south, east, west, or on the bias, as the ladies say, northeast, northwest, southeast, or southwest. When you have gone three steps in a straight line you will reach a square with a number on it, which indicates the second day's journey, as many steps as it tells, in a straight line in any one of the eight directions. From this new point, march on again according to the number indictaed, and continue on in this manner until you come upon a square with a number which will carry you just one step beyond the border. You will then be out of the woods and can holler all you want, for you will have solved the puzzle! See the solution, below. As Martin Gardner pointed out in one of his

92. Sam Loyd's Cyclopedia Of Puzzles Now Online A classic puzzle book, Sam loyd s Cyclopedia of 5000 Puzzles, Tricks, and Conundrums (1914), sometimes called the Cyclopedia of Puzzles, has been scanned http://speaking.stanford.edu/library/Cyclopedia_of_Puzzles.html

SULAIR HOME ACOMP HOME SU HOME Back Issues ... Search Speaking of Computers; April 6, 2005; Issue 68 April 6, 2005 Issue No. 68 Table of Contents Highlights and Features Important Software Updates Make Your PC Secure ... Stanford Joins Calconnect Sam Loyd's Cyclopedia of Puzzles Now Online Web View Print View by Linda Yamamoto A classic puzzle book, Sam Loyd's Cyclopedia of 5000 Puzzles, Tricks, and Conundrums (1914), sometimes called the Cyclopedia of Puzzles, has been scanned and is now online at http://www.mathpuzzle.com/loyd/ You can view individual pages, or download a zipped file of the entire book. Note that, although Stanford University Libraries and Academic Resources (SULAIR) does not own a print copy of this book, there are a number of puzzle books in the Mathematical and Computer Science Library's collection. A Mathematical Association of America online column announcing the book's availability can be found at: http://www.maa.org/editorial/mathgames/mathgames_01_03_05.html Leland Stanford Junior University . Permission granted to copy for non-commercial purposes, provided we receive acknowledgment and a copy of the document in which our material appears. No right is granted to quote from or use any material in this document for purposes of promoting any product or service. Published by: SULAIR Communications

93. Sam Loyd For example, one puzzle that is often credited to Sam loyd is the Given the master selfpromoter that Sam loyd was, his absence from publicity is http://homepage.ntlworld.com/barry.r.clarke/zsamloyd.htm

In the nineteenth century, two important figures stand out in recreational mathematics : Henry Dudeney and Sam Loyd. Both were prolific compilers, though Dudeney is widely regarded as the better mathematician while Loyd is seen as the better puzzles promoter. The ingenuity with which Loyd presented his puzzles is unparalleled and no-one doubts the value of his contribution to recreational mathematics. But it has to be noted that despite his legacy, several of his claims to priority were unjustified. For example, one puzzle that is often credited to Sam Loyd is the cryptarithm or alphametic, where the digits in an arithmetic calculation have been replaced by letters, the aim being to recover the digits. However, an example appears in The American Agriculturalist of 1864 (Singmaster 1993a) and since the 23 years old Sam Loyd was still preoccupied with chess problems at the time, this example almost certainly predates his contributions. In order to assess his priority claims, though, we need to know what he claimed to have invented. His headed notepaper (shown right) dated 15 April 1903 presumes him to be the ' Author of the famous "Get Off The Earth Mystery", "Trick Donkeys", "15 Block Puzzle", "Pigs In Clover", "Parcheesi", Etc., Etc.

94. Murderous Maths: The Sam Loyd "7-8" Puzzle A small version of the famous Sam loyd 1415 puzzle. Play it live on your computer! http://www.murderousmaths.co.uk/games/loyd/loydfr.htm

95. Sam Loyd - Americas' Greatest Puzzle Designer Sam loyd invented and refined thousands and thousands of puzzles in his lifetime. Be it chess puzzles, tangrams, mathematical or geometrical puzzles. http://www.2h.com/1000puzzles/SamLoyd/SamLoyd.html

Puzzles, puzzles, puzzles. Sam Loyd invented and refined thousands and thousands of puzzles in his lifetime. Be it chess puzzles, tangrams, mathematical or geometrical puzzles. He mastered them all. Here I have collected some of the puzzles from the giant "Cyclopedia of Puzzles" published by his son after his death. To keep the flavour of his writing I have kept the text as it was written, and only corrected obvious mistakes. The illustrations are also original and add a very nice touch to the puzzles. Unfortunately the name of the artist is unknown. In some cases I have added hints to the puzzles to indicate the directions where to look for a solution. Some puzzles are converted to flash movies so you may try to solve the puzzle on the screen. For these puzzles you need a Flash Player plug-in which you may download for free by following the links. The Pony Puzzle Tell Mother's Age

96. Defective Yeti: Sam Loyd's Trick Mules defective yeti The Musings of Matthew Baldwin, Pretty Okay Guy. http://www.defectiveyeti.com/archives/000452.html

Sam Loyd's Trick Mules Sam Loyd's "Trick Donkeys" is one of the most elegant puzzles ever invented, and if you've never seen it before, I urge you to give it a shot. Click on the image to the left, print out the page, and cut the figure into three parts along the solid lines. Now, position the strip onto the other two pieces so that it looks like each jockey is riding a donkey. Folding is not allowed. This puzzle was created by one of America's greatest puzzlists, Sam Lloyd (1844 -1911). Loyd sold his puzzle to P. T. Barnum, who marketed it as "P. T. Barnum's Trick Mules." It was printed on a card to be cut into the three pieces. Millions of the cards were sold, and supposedly Loyd earned a fortune $10.000 in just a few weeks. Don't give up the solution is really quite simple! If you must , you can see the answer here Posted on November 19, 2002 Comments Someday I'll stop kicking myself for not figuring this one out sooner. D'OH! Good one. Posted by: lactose incompetent on November 19, 2002 12:49 PM disappointment and grief. now, relief and suicidle thoughts. uhg!

97. Sam Loyd Biography A collection of mindblowing brain teasers, quiz questions and psychometric tests, all designed to stretch your wits to the limit and beyond from this http://www.knowl.demon.co.uk/page34.html

Lewis Carroll Sam Loyd Henry Dudeney Hubert Phillips Sam Loyd has been dubbed America’s greatest puzzlist and an authentic American genius . For almost half a century, until his death in 1911 he was America’s undisputed puzzle king. Thousands of innovative puzzles appeared under his name, many of which are still popular today. Sam Loyd was born in Philadelphia on January 30, 1841. His father, a real estate operator, moved the family to New York in 1844, where Loyd attended public school until he was 17. He studied to be an engineer but became obsessed with the game of chess and as a youth frequented a chess club where his interest in making puzzles started. His first problem was published by a New York paper when he was 14, and during the next five years his output of chess puzzles was so prolific that he was known throughout the chess world. By 1858 he was hailed as the leading American writer of chess problems. In 1877 and 1878, Loyd wrote a weekly chess page for Scientific American Supplement and these columns comprised most of the book Chess Strategy , printed in 1978, and containing 500 chess problems.

98. Quantum Books: Sam Loyd's Best Picture Puzzles Sam loyd s Best Picture Puzzles. Sam loyd s Best Picture Puzzles. Author loyd, Sam ISBN 0486443817 Pub Date Oct 24, 2005 Publisher Dover Publications http://www.quantumbooks.com/Merchant2/merchant.mvc?Screen=PROD&Store_Code=qb&Pro

99. Dan Garcia : Game Theory : Game & Puzzle Books I Own Sam loyd. Mathematical Puzzles of Sam loyd. Dover Publications, Inc., 1959. The Puzzle King Sam loyd s Chess Problems and Selected Mathematical Puzzles http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~ddgarcia/GameTheory/mybooks.html

R. M. Abraham. Easy-to-do Entertainments and Diversions with Coins, Cards, String, Paper and Matches . Dover Publications, Inc., 1961. James L. Adams. Conceptual Blockbusting: A Pleasurable Guide to Better Problem Solving . San Francisco Book Company, 1976. Irving Adler. Magic House of Numbers . Signet, 1957. Franco Agostino and Nicola Alberto DeCarlo. Intelligence Games . Simon and Schuster, 1985. Mighty Mindbenders Doris Anderson. Encyclopedia of Games . Zondervan Publishing House, 1975. John Anderson and Jose Varuzza. International Dominos . Avid Press, 1991. Andrea Angiolino. . Sterling Publishing Co, Inc., 1995. Mathematics : Problem Solving through Recreational Mathematics . W. H. Freeman and Co., 1980. W. W. Rouse Ball and H. S. M. Coxeter. Mathematical Recreations and Essays . Dover Publications, Inc., 1987. Stephen Barr. Puzzle Quiz : Wit Twisters, Brain Teasers, Riddles, Puzzles, and Tough Questions Stephen Barr. The Man in the Milk Carton: A Miscellany of Puzzles Mathematical and Otherwise Sheila Anne Barry. The World's Best Party Games . Sterling Publishing Co., Inc., 1987.

100. MP-Review: Loyd, Sam / Gardner, Martin (Editor): Mathematische Rätsel Und Spiel Translate this page Matroids Matheplanet Forum Übersicht der auf Matroids Matheplanet besprochenen Bücher zu und über Mathematik. http://matheplanet.com/matheplanet/nuke/html/reviews.php?op=showcontent&id=77

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