41. Math 300 Guidelines For Papers levi ben gerson s Art of the Calculator, problems 6368 Leonardo of Pisa s Bookof Squares Nicole Oresme s Questions concerning Euclid s geometry, http://cerebro.cs.xu.edu/math/math300/02s/papers.html

Math 300 Great Moments in Mathematics Spring 2002 Guidelines for papers You will prepare two research papers for this course: a biographical paper, due February 21 , that relates the mathematical career of a noted historical figure born before 1700; and a paper due April 18 that performs a critical reading of an original source of importance in the history of mathematics. Your biographical paper should conform to the following guidelines, listed in order of importance, and will be evaluated against them: The paper should present a comprehensively researched discussion of the life history of your chosen mathematician; this person's significant mathematical accomplishments must be thoroughly discussed. (35%) It should be presented in a clear and coherent writing style , using correct spelling, proper pronunciation and good grammar. (25%) It should contain a bibliography with at least three sources including at least three print-published (not Web) sources, it should make appropriate use of direct quotations , and should include in-text citations (as either footnotes or endnotes). (25%)

42. Solving Solving Binomial Equations India 1321 levi ben gerson, a Frenchman came up with the falling factorial formulafor the binomial coefficients, and presents the first known examples of an http://softmath.com/tutorials/solving-solving-binomial-equations-india.html

43. Lebensdaten Von Mathematikern Translate this page ben Gerson, Levi (1288 - 1344) Gherard von Cremona (1114 - 1187) Levi, EugenioElia (1883 - 1917) levi ben gerson (1288 - 1344) http://www.mathe.tu-freiberg.de/~hebisch/cafe/lebensdaten.html

Diese Seite ist dem Andenken meines Vaters Otto Hebisch (1917 - 1998) gewidmet. By our fathers and their fathers in some old and distant town from places no one here remembers come the things we've handed down. Marc Cohn Dies ist eine Sammlung, die aus verschiedenen Quellen stammt, u. a. aus Jean Dieudonne, Geschichte der Mathematik, 1700 - 1900, VEB Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, Berlin 1985. Helmut Gericke, Mathematik in Antike und Orient - Mathematik im Abendland, Fourier Verlag, Wiesbaden 1992. Otto Toeplitz, Die Entwicklung der Infinitesimalrechnung, Springer, Berlin 1949. MacTutor History of Mathematics archive A B C ... Z Abbe, Ernst (1840 - 1909) Abel, Niels Henrik (5.8.1802 - 6.4.1829) Abraham bar Hiyya (1070 - 1130) Abraham, Max (1875 - 1922) Abu Kamil, Shuja (um 850 - um 930) Abu'l-Wafa al'Buzjani (940 - 998) Ackermann, Wilhelm (1896 - 1962) Adams, John Couch (5.6.1819 - 21.1.1892) Adams, John Frank (5.11.1930 - 7.1.1989) Adelard von Bath (1075 - 1160) Adler, August (1863 - 1923) Adrain, Robert (1775 - 1843)

44. A Theologico-Political Treatise - Endnotes (2) Rabbi levi ben gerson and others believe that these forty years which the (5) Therefore it is evident that levi ben gerson (certainly a very learned http://www.worldwideschool.org/library/books/relg/christiantheology/ATheologico-

A Theologico-Political Treatise by Benedict de Spinoza Translated by R. H. M. Elwes Terms Contents Preface Chapter I ... Endnotes Endnotes Author's Endnotes to the Theologico-Political Treatise hapter I Endnote 1. (1) The word naw-vee', Strong:5030, is rightly interpreted by Rabbi Salomon Jarchi, but the sense is hardly caught by Aben Ezra, who was not so good a Hebraist. (2) We must also remark that this Hebrew word for prophecy has a universal meaning and embraces all kinds of prophecy. (3) Other terms are more special, and denote this or that sort of prophecy, as I believe is well known to the learned. Endnote 2. (1) "Although, ordinary knowledge is Divine, its professors cannot be called prophets." That is, interpreters of God. (2) For he alone is an interpreter of God, who interprets the decrees which God has revealed to him, to others who have not received such revelation, and whose belief, therefore, rests merely on the prophet's authority and the confidence reposed in him. (3) If it were otherwise, and all who listen to prophets became prophets themselves, as all who listen to philosophers become philosophers, a prophet would no longer be the interpreter of Divine decrees, inasmuch as his hearers would know the truth, not on the, authority of the prophet, but by means of actual Divine revelation and inward testimony. (4) Thus the sovereign powers are the interpreters of their own rights of sway, because these are defended only by their authority and supported by their testimony.

45. Gersonides Rabbi levi ben gerson (Gershon), better known as Gersonides or the Ralbag (1288?1344CE), was a Jewish philosopher and commentator, was born at Bagnols in http://www.teachersparadise.com/ency/en/wikipedia/g/ge/gersonides.html

Free Teacher Resources First Time Visitors Gift Certificates Education Directory ... Edit this page Gersonides Rabbi Levi ben Gerson (Gershon), better known as Gersonides or the 'Ralbag (1288—1344 CE), was a Jewish philosopher and commentator, was born at Bagnols in Languedoc. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Biography 2 Works 3 Views on God and omnipotence 4 Views of the afterlife Biography As in the case of the other medieval Jewish philosophers little is known of his life. His family had been distinguished for piety and exegetical skill, but though he was known in the Jewish community by commentaries on certain books of the Bible , he never seems to have accepted any rabbinical post. Possibly the freedom of his opinions may have put obstacles in the way of his preferment. He is known to have been at Avignon and Orange during his life, and is believed to have died in 1344, though Zacuto asserts that he died at Perpignan in 1370. Works Part of his writings consist of commentaries on the portions of Aristotle then known, or rather of commentaries on the commentaries of

46. New York Kollel - Meet The Author To begin with, Gersonides (levi ben gerson, 12881344) The Wars of the Lord isvery long and very complicated. And translating fourteenth century Hebrew http://www.huc.edu/kollel/eb0300.html

NEW YORK KOLLEL Meet the Author with Eugene Borowitz THE NEW JEWISH BOOKS Eugene B. Borowitz and Frances W. Schwartz, Editors Our Book of the Month March, 2000 In Search of American Jewish Culture Stephen J. Whitfield (Brandeis/New England) Have even a slight encounter with American theater and music, American literature and art, and you will notice a Semitic presence out of proportion to our small numbers. But also be aware of the strong interactive relationship between the general, secular society and our particularist one. Only by emphasizing our distinctive religious faith, more than either practice or doctrine, will our Judaism remain viable. Whitfield's thesis: We must consciously maintain our "otherness" in the face of rampant assimilation to keep American Jewish culture Jewish. This Month's Notable Books Since we are focusing on past and present cultures this month, we want to call your attention to a book about a frequently overlooked period of Jewish history. In Abraham's Heirs: Jews and Christians in Medieval Europe, (Syracuse) Leonard B. Glick

47. BSHM: Abstracts -- M Mancha, JL, ‘Heuristic reasoning approximation procedures in levi ben gerson’s reasoming’) used by levi ben gerson (12881344) in his Astronomy, http://www.dcs.warwick.ac.uk/bshm/abstracts/M.html

The British Society for the History of Mathematics HOME About BSHM BSHM Council Join BSHM ... Search BSHM Abstracts A B C D ... Z These listings contain all abstracts that have appeared in BSHM Newsletters up to Newsletter 46. BSHM Abstracts - M Maanen, Jan van, ‘Seventeenth century instruments for drawing conic sections’, Mathematical gazette A consequence of Descartes’ new approach to geometry (1637) was an increased interest in instruments for drawing conic sections. This article sketches the background to this growing interest and describes some of the instruments designed by the Dutch mathematician Van Schooten (1615/6-1660). Maanen, Jan van, ‘The ‘double-meaning’ method for dating mathematical texts’, M. Folkerts and J.P. Hogendijk (eds), Vestigia mathematica , Rodopi 1993, pp. 253-263 A mathematical text may contain numerical data concealing information about the text or its author. Questions of dating and authorship of certain texts can be resolved by decoding such information. Notices of the AMS MacKenzie, Donald, ‘Slaying the Kraken: the sociohistory of a mathematical proof’

48. Ari Davidow: Hebrew Typesetter Extraordinaire: A Visit With Lili Wronker The legal code, Path of Life the traveler s tales of Eldad the Danite, thepopular version of Josephus, Rabbi levi ben gerson s commentary on the http://www.ivritype.com/hebrew/2004/08/a_visit_with_li.php

Ari Davidow: Hebrew Typesetter Extraordinaire I spent much of the late 1980s and 1990s working on Hebrew typography. I'm back (and available for Yiddish and Hebrew typography). I was lured by the promise of OpenType, Unicode Hebrew on the web, and my original love of Hebrew typography. It all makes for information that wants to be shared. Main August 16, 2004 A visit with Lili Wronker About 15 years ago I was relatively new to Hebrew type. A local friend, Briem, suggested that I contact someone he knew in New York who was a wonderful calligrapher, and had even contributed a page to his book, "60 Alphabets". Little did I know. So, prior to my next trip to New York, I contacted Ms. Wronker, who suggested that we meet at the New York Public Library, which was then doing an exhibit on Hebrew ("A Sign and a Witness: 2000 Years of Hebrew Books and Illuminated Manuscripts"). We met. She was a lively person, somewhat past middle-aged, but not remotely old. And, in the hour we spent going through the New York Public Library Exhibit I learned my about Hebrew lettering that I have learned before or since. From micrography to the latest types, Lili could point out the salient points, give them context and description, and quickly move me on, the better to finish up and go back to her place for lunch and an afternoon of book study. This was the sort of place in which Lili and Erich, her husband, even kept a small letterpress in their bedroom. Lili is still my teacher, although I would also claim that we are also friends. This past week I dropped by to catch up, to tell her about my forthcoming

49. User:Gerritholl/mathematicians - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Eugenio Beltrami Abraham ben Ezra - levi ben gerson - Jacob ben Tibbon Ennio de Giorgi - levi ben gerson - Gherard of Cremona - Marino Ghetaldi http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Gerritholl/mathematicians

Wikimedia needs your help in its 21-day fund drive. See our fundraising page Over US$220,000 has been donated since the drive began on 19 August. Thank you for your generosity! User:Gerritholl/mathematicians From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. User:Gerritholl edit Mathematicians Ernst Abbe Niels Henrik Abel Abraham bar Hiyya Max Abraham ... Antoni Zygmund Retrieved from " http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Gerritholl/mathematicians Views User page Discussion Edit this page History Personal tools Create account / log in Navigation Main Page Community portal Current events Recent changes ... Donations Search Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages ... Permanent link This page was last modified 01:33, 19 August 2005. All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License (see for details). About Wikipedia

50. Mathematics - Early Works To 1800: New & Used Books Category Search Result For M List Price $169.00 / Similar to Astronomy of levi ben gerson, Compare PricesAdd To Wish List Details Source Book in Mathematics, 12001800 - Compare http://www.fetchbook.info/fwd_topics/startFrom_4/id_1545196.html

Bookmark Recommend Us Enhance Your Site Browse Books ... Forums New! Help Keyword Title Author ISBN Welcome Guest [Sign In] Searched in books for Mathematics - Early Works To 1800 books matched your search. Search took seconds. All Categories Mathematics Mathematics - Early Works To 1800 Add Review Astronomy of Levi Ben Gerson, 1288-1344 By Bernard R. Goldstein Hardcover / Springer Verlag / July 1985 / 0387961321 List Price $169.00 / Similar to Astronomy of Levi Ben Gerson,... Compare Prices Add To Wish List Details ... Add Review Source Book in Mathematics, 1200-1800 By D.J. Struik (Editor) Paperback / Princeton Univ Pr / August 1986 / 0691023972 List Price $35.00 / Similar to Source Book in Mathematics, 1200-1800 Compare Prices Add To Wish List Details ... Add Review Source Book in Mathematics, 1200-1800 (Illustrated) By D.J. Struik (Editor) Book / 427 Pages / January 1986 / 0691084041 Similar to Source Book in Mathematics, 1200-1800 Compare Prices Add To Wish List Details ... Add Review Unfinished Mechanics of Giuseppe Moletti: An Edition and English Translation of His Dialogue on Mechanics, 1576 By W. R. Laird

51. Astronomy - Early Works To 1800: New & Used Books Category Search Result For Ast List Price $169.00 / Similar to Astronomy of levi ben gerson, Compare PricesAdd To Wish List Details Kepler s Somnium The Dream, or. http://www.fetchbook.info/fwd_topics/id_1535209.html

Bookmark Recommend Us Enhance Your Site Browse Books ... Forums New! Help Keyword Title Author ISBN Welcome Guest [Sign In] Searched in books for Astronomy - Early Works To 1800 books matched your search. Search took seconds. All Categories Science Astronomy Astronomy - Early Works To 1800 Add Review Sidereus Nuncius, Or, the Sidereal Messenger By Albert Van Helden Galileo Galilei Paperback / Univ of Chicago Pr / June 1989 / 0226279030 List Price $10.00 / Similar to Sidereus Nuncius, Or, the Sidereal... Compare Prices Add To Wish List Details ... Add Review Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, 1st Edition (Illustrated) By Stillman Drake Galileo Galilei Paperback / 586 Pages / Modern Library / October 2001 / 037575766X List Price $15.95 / Similar to Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief... Compare Prices Add To Wish List Details ... Add Review Discoveries and Opinions of Galileo: Including the Starry Messenger By Galileo Galilei Stillman Drake (Translator) Paperback / Doubleday / June 1957 / 0385092393 List Price $11.95 / Similar to

52. Manuscript Detail Colophon records the scribe’s name as Joesph ben Isaac Gallico, (Albategnius)and levi ben gerson; that is, it was GreekArabic astronomy, http://dewey.library.upenn.edu/sceti/ljs/PageLevel/view.cfm?option=view&ManID=lj

53. :: BDSweb > Durant, W. The Story Of Philosophy (fragments) and from these to the writings of Maimonides, levi ben gerson, Ibn Ezra, andHasdai Crescas; and his promiscuous voracity extended even to the mystical http://members.tripod.com/~BDSweb/en/107.htm

setAdGroup('67.18.104.18'); var cm_role = "live" var cm_host = "tripod.lycos.com" var cm_taxid = "/memberembedded" Search: Lycos Tripod Dating Search Share This Page Report Abuse Edit your Site ... Next Will Durant THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY home books pictures guestbook ... about Chapter Four Spinoza 1. Historical and Biographical I. THE ODYSSEY OF THE JEWS Guide to the Perplexed; it was at Barcelona that Hasdai Crescas (1370-1430) propounded heresies that shook all Judaism. The great majority of the Jews accepted the harder alternative, and looked about them for a place of refuge. Some took ship and sought entry into Genoa and other Italian ports; they were refused, and sailed on in growing misery and disease till they reached the coast of Africa, where many of them were murdered for the jewels they were believed to have swallowed. A few were received into Venice, which knew how much of its maritime ascendency it owed to its Jews. Others financed the voyage of Columbus, a man perhaps of their own race, hoping that the great navigator would find them a new home. A large number of them embarked in the trail vessels of that day and sailed up the Atlantic, between hostile England and hostile France, to find at last some measure of welcome in little big-souled Holland. Among these was a family of Portuguese Jews named Espinoza. This was 1640. At that time Baruch Spinoza, "the greatest Jew of modern times," [2] and the greatest of modern philosophers, was a child of eight, the favorite student of the synagogue.

54. Lunar Republic : Craters levi ben gerson (12881344), French-born Jewish philosopher, mathematician andastronomer; invented Jacob s Staff, an instrument to measure the angular http://www.lunarrepublic.com/gazetteer/crater_r.shtml

Craters (R) Craters A B C D ... Return To Gazetteer Index Latin Name Lat Long Diam Origin Rabbi Levi Levi ben Gerson (1288-1344), French-born Jewish philosopher, mathematician and astronomer; invented Jacob's Staff, an instrument to measure the angular distance between celestial objects. Racah Giulio ~ (1909-1965), Italian-Israeli physicist. Racine Jean-Baptiste ~ (1639-1699), French classical playwright. Raimond J. J. ~, Jr. (1903-1961), Dutch astronomer. Raman Chandrasekhra Venkata ~ (1888-1970), Indian physicist; in 1930, he became the first Asian to receive a Nobel Prize in science (physics). Ramsay Sir William ~ (1852-1916), Scottish chemist; awarded Nobel Prize in chemistry (1904). Ramsden Jesse ~ (1735-1800), British inventor; perfected early sextants and barometers; devised the first satisfactory screw-cutting lathes at dawn of the Industrial Revolution. Rankine William John Macquorn ~ (1820-1872), Scottish inventor, civil engineer, poet and molecular physicist. Raspletin Aleksandr Andreyevich ~ (1908-1967), Soviet radio and electronics engineer.

55. Re: What Is The Lunar-distance Method Of Calculating Longitude? Werner proposed using a crossstaff, an instrument derived from the Jacob staffof levi ben gerson, to measure the distance of the Moon from the chosen http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/nov99/942441048.Es.r.html

MadSci Network : Earth Sciences Re: What is the lunar-distance method of calculating longitude? Date: Thu Nov 11 01:14:49 1999 Posted By: Troy Goodson, Staff, Spacecraft Navigation, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Area of science: Earth Sciences ID: 941852008.Es Message: Stan, I understand your frustration. It can be quite difficult to find information via the World Wide Web. Either the search engines haven't catalogued what you want or it is difficult to narrow the search. I spent about 45 minutes to an hour looking up what little I found. I strongly suggest you continue your efforts at the largest library you can find. One of the best references I found was the following: http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/HistTopics/Longitude1.html In 1514 Johann Werner published a translation of Ptolemy's Geography. In his commentary on Chapter IV, Werner put forward what became known as the lunar distance method for determining longitude. The method uses the fact that the Moon moves fairly quickly against the background stars, moving through its diameter in about one hour. If tables are given for the distance of the Moon from certain stars then it is possible in principle to determine an absolute time for the place of observation and thus to determine the longitude by comparing the absolute time with the local time in the same way as Hipparchus had proposed for his lunar eclipse method. Werner proposed using a cross-staff, an instrument derived from the Jacob staff of Levi ben Gerson, to measure the distance of the Moon from the chosen stars. He writes:-

56. Feedback On Opinion 36 Of Doron Zeilberger Are they perhaps concerned about his example of Rabbi levi ben gerson (which I find If we come back to Rabbi levi ben gerson, I agree with Doron that http://www.math.temple.edu/~zeilberg/fb36.html

Responses to Opinion 36 Last Update: June 1, 1999. Feedback from Rabbi Professor Dror Bar Natan (Oops, I meant to say Senior Lecturer Dr. Dror Bar-Natan (added June 1, 1999: Dror just became (Assoc.) Professor, which means that in Israel he should be addressed as Professor Dror, hence Brendan McKay was prophetic when he addressed him as Prof.. Judging from this astounding prediction, we should expect Dror to become a Rabbi pretty soon, and perhaps he would even drop his hyphen)): From drorbn@math.huji.ac.il Sun Apr 4 21:08:49 1999 Shalom Doron! What a disaster it was that the French (Cauchy and his generation, and then Bourbaki) found that practically all of mathematics can be formalized! This formalization procedure seemed so powerful, that we have substituted "formal mathematics" to "mathematics", and for many of us math is ain't math until it is reduced to a sequence of theorems and proofs. Hence for example, as a group we were, and largely still are, blind to the discovery of path integrals, and we left this whole arena to the physicists, whose motivations are entirely different. Who knows how much more have we missed by requiring that the whole process, from imagination to formalization, not only be fully carried out within each mathematical context, not only be carried out in full by each generation of thinkers on each mathematical context, not only be fully carried out by each individual throughout her lifetime, but even be carried out in full within each individual submission to a journal!

57. New Page 1 The principle was implicitly applied by levi ben gerson in Maase Choteb (1321)and by Blaise Pascal in Traité du Triangle Arithmetique (1654) and it was http://www.asa3.org/ASA/PSCF/1993/PSCF9-93Drozdek.html

FIX EQUATIONS A response to the paper by Bruce A. Headman The Infinite and the Finite by ADAM DROZDEK Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Duquesne University Pittsburgh, PA 15282 From Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 45 (September 1993):187-191. A very interesting paper by Bruce A. Hedman on the concept of infinity appeared recently in Perspectives (45:1). However, the importance of this concept, for Cantor in particular and for philosophy in general, does not seem to have been sufficiently stressed by the author. First, Hedman treats Kant a bit too harshly by blaming him for pushing the incontingent world view to the extreme by screening the mind from noumena and making it occupy itself only with phenomena using its innate patterns, an a priori knowledge. This, however, suggests a limiting view of the Kantian philosophy, according to which Kant was primarily interested in cognition. Analysis of cognition constituted to him a stepping stone for analysis of the problem of morality, which was the core of Kant's philosophy. Kant wanted to defend man's dignity by showing that he is not one of the cogs of the universe ruled deterministically by mechanical laws. In order to defeat this world view, Kant had to first explore the nature and

58. Biblio_occ GOLDSTEIN, BR, levi ben gerson s Preliminary Remarks for a Theory of PlanetaryLatitudes , in Aleph, 2 (2002), 1530. KUNITZSCH, P., La table des climats http://chama.fltr.ucl.ac.be/chama2/biblio_occ.htm

Occidental Medieval World EASTWOOD, B., "Johannes Scottus Eriugena, Sun-centred Planets, and Carolingian Astronomy," in Journal for the History of Astronomy EASTWOOD, B., "Astronomia, computo e astrologia," in S. Petruccioli (general editor), Storia della Scienza , IV: Medioevo, Rinascimento , II: La Scienza Bizantina e Latina , ed. J. D. North (Rome: Enciclopedia Italiana, 2001), pp. 149-168. EASTWOOD, B., The Revival of Planetary Astronomy in Carolingian and Post-Carolingian Europe (Aldershot: Ashgate Variorum, 2002), 334pp. GOLDSTEIN, B.R., "The Maximum Solar Equation in the Alfonsine Tables", in Journal for the History of Astronomy GOLDSTEIN, B.R., "The Astronomical Tables of Judah ben Verga", in Suhayl GOLDSTEIN, B.R., "Levi ben Gerson's Preliminary Remarks for a Theory of Planetary Latitudes", in Aleph KUNITZSCH, P., "La table des climats dans le corpus des plus anciens textes latins sur l'astrolabe", in Callebat, L. ; Desbordes, O. (Hrsg.) : KUNITZSCH, P., "A Note on Ascelinus'Table of Astrolabe Stars", in

59. List Of Scientists By Field Translate this page levi ben gerson. levi ben gerson. levi ben gerson. levi ben gerson. Levi, Giuseppe.Levi, Giuseppe. Levi-Civita, Tullio. Levi-Civita, Tullio http://www.indiana.edu/~newdsb/l.html

La Brosse, Guy de La Brosse, Guy de La Brosse, Guy de La Condamine, Charles-Marie de La Condamine, Charles-Marie de La Faille, Charles de La Hire, Gabriel-Philippe de La Hire, Gabriel-Philippe de La Hire, Gabriel-Philippe de La Hire, Philippe de La Hire, Philippe de La Hire, Philippe de La Hire, Philippe de La Mettrie, Julien Offray de La Mettrie, Julien Offray de La Mettrie, Julien Offray de La Mettrie, Julien Offray de La Rive, Arthur-Auguste de La Rive, Charles-Gaspard de La Rive, Charles-Gaspard de La Rive, Charles-Gaspard de La Roche, Estienne de Lacaille, Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille, Nicolas-Louis de Lack, David Lambert Lacroix, Alfred Ladenburg, Albert Ladenburg, Rudolf Walther Lagny, Thomas Fantet de Lagny, Thomas Fantet de Lagrange, Joseph Louis Lagrange, Joseph Louis Lagrange, Joseph Louis Laguerre, Edmond Nicolas Lalla Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste-Pierre- Antoine De Monet de Lamb, Horace Lamb, Horace Lamb, Horace Lambert, Johann Heinrich Lambert, Johann Heinrich Lambert, Johann Heinrich Lambert, Johann Heinrich Lamont, Johann von Lamont, Johann von

60. L E A R N @ J T S DID YOU KNOW? LG Responsa: Euthanasia I shall only mention the view of the famous philosopher and astronomer, Rabbilevi ben gerson usually called by the scholastics Maestre Leo de Bagnols http://learn.jtsa.edu/topics/diduknow/lgresponsa/eleven.shtml

Euthanasia The Responsa of Professor Louis Ginzberg edited by Rabbi David Golinkin LG Responsa Home Purchase acopy Register to subscribe to ... for free. Euthanasia No. 11 (YD 339:1) Source: LGA, Box 4, "Ginsburg" file Excerpt (almost complete): Keeper , pp. 239-241 January 8, 1936 Dear Doctor Ginsburg: Complying with your request, I shall put down in writing the statement I made to you orally with regard to the attitude of Jewish law and practice towards euthanasia. The earliest Jewish authority who discusses this problem directly and explicitly is Rabbi Judah of Regensburg, Bavaria (died 1217), who, in his work The Book of the Pious It is true Saul was justified in committing suicide (this is stated in as early a source as Genesis Rabbah 34:13); the honor of Israel required that its first King should not permit himself to be captured alive. But the Amalakite had no justification for hastening the King's death, and since shortening human life, even for a few moments, is punishable by death, he suffered by the hands of David the punishment he deserved. The correctness of the explanations given by our author for the justifiable suicide of Saul and for the [punishment by death] of the Amalakite is open to serious doubt and, as a matter of fact, there are several different explanations to be found in Rabbinic literature. I shall only mention the view of the famous philosopher and astronomer, Rabbi Levi Ben Gerson - usually called by the scholastics "Maestre Leo de Bagnols" - according to which David was solely motivated by his desire to uphold the newly established institution of monarchy in Israel (compare his commentary to II Samuel 1:14). Be that as it may, the author of the

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