61. Salzburger Festspiele 2005 - SOMMER 2005 Translate this page Igor Samobor Nizam Al-Mulk Radko Polic Myriam Petra Govc ibn tahir slowenischeSchriftsteller Vladimir Bartol hat die Geschichte des Hassan Ibn Sabi, http://www.salzburgfestival.at/spielplan_werk.php?lang=1&id=2944&sommerflag=1

62. The Caliphate: Its Rise, Decline, And Fall - From Original Sources [Chapter 67] but was suppressed by Abdallah ibn tahir, now nearly independent ruler there . against Abdallah ibn tahir, now the acknowledged chief of Khorasan. http://answering-islam.org.uk/Books/Muir/Caliphate/chap67.htm

CHAPTER LXVII AL-MO'TASIM AND AL-WATHIK 218-232 A.H. / 833-847 A.D. Mo'tasim, 218 A.H. 833 A.D. THE troops, at the first, refused to do homage to Al-Mo'tasim, preferring rather, in their growing insolence, to elect Al-'Abbas, son of the late Caliph; but he, summoned from Tyana, at once swore allegiance to his uncle, and the army followed. Tyana was abandoned, the rising walls demolished, and whatever could not be carried off com­mitted to the flames. Al-Mo'tasim then returned to Bagdad. Intolerant supporter of Ma'mun's heterodoxy. But a still greater trouble threatened the city in the swarms of Turkish soldiery that with daily-increasing numbers were planted in and around it. Increasing ribaldry of Turkish soldiery at Bagdad, They had, in fact been originally brought in to counterbalance the power of the soldiers of Khorasan to whom the 'Abbasids owed the Caliphate. Thousands of Memluks leads to the founding of Samarra. This incident led to the building in 836 of Samarra, with its palaces and imperial barracks, some sixty miles higher up the Tigris. Thither the Caliph retired with his Turkish troops, and Samarra, for over half a century and during the reigns of seven Caliphs, became the Capital of the Empire (836-894 A.D.). Bagdad was relieved, but the Caliph fell more than ever under the hand of these foreign levies. The Muslim arms being engaged in many quarters

63. Alamut In Slovenski Literarni Ponos ibn tahir pripozna Hasanovo duhovno ocetovstvo in postane dedic njegove manipulativneideje Crtomir in ibn tahir sta ob koncu tekstov, v katerih živita, http://www.ijs.si/lit/alamut_radio.html-l2

Pripomba o Bartolovem Alamutu Alamut in slovenski nacionalni interes Nam bo Alamut ubranil v NATO? O Bigginsovi interpretaciji Alamuta ... Miran Hladnik Alamut in slovenski literarni ponos Alamut je iz¹el malo pred drugo svetovno vojno. Imamo ga v ¹tirih slovenskih ponatisih in v kakih 30 prevodnih izdajah. ®e takoj po drugi svetovni vojni so ga prevedli v èe¹èino in srb¹èino, sledili so prevodi v franco¹èino, italijan¹èino, ¹pan¹èino, hrva¹èino, nem¹èino, tur¹èino, perzij¹èino in mogoèe ¹e kam. ©koda, da ga ¹e ni v angle¹èini: roman se dogaja v Iranu in Amerièani bi se iz njega lahko kaj pouèili o zgodovini in znaèaju te "malopridne dr¾ave", namenjene bombardiranju. Lansko dopustno poletje je neka novinarka vzhièeno poroèala, kako je odkrila angle¹ki prevod Alamuta na policah knjigarne v Egiptu. Ker je potem bilo vse tiho, je oèitno, da je bilo njeno veselje preuranjeno in da ni ¹lo za prevod Bartolovega Alamuta, ampak za enega od tujih romanov s tem naslovom. Angle¹ki prevod Alamuta ¹ele pripravljajo; izdal naj bi ga manj¹i ameri¹ki zalo¾nik. Kaj Slovencem bolj ugaja kot jadikovanje nad storjenimi krivicami, zato ni èudno, da se literat, ki se ¾eli uveljaviti, predstavi kot nekdo, ki je bil po krivem spregledan in zamolèan. Ob prevodu romana v franco¹èino leta 1988 se je v èasopisu pojavila takale to¾ba: "Vladimir Bartol! V slovenskih literarnih zgodovinah si se pojavljal le kot opomba pod èrto. Ko je iz¹el Alamut, eden temeljnih slovenskih romanov, je prejel eno samo kritiko, in ¹e ta te je zavrnila." Alamutova pot v literarno zgodovino je bila sicer res vijugava (prvi slovenski èitankar ga je sprva celo pozabil vkljuèiti v ¹olski pregled slovenske knji¾evnosti), tako hudo pa vendarle ni bilo. Vse literarne zgodovine Alamuta omenjajo, zadnje ¾e kar na dolgo. Med bralce ga je ob izidu pospremilo osem bolj pozitivnih in troje bolj negativnih ocen. Pokukajmo malo vanje, najprej v negativne.

64. Alamut In Slovenski Nacionalni Interes Najmodrejši med ucenci, ibn tahir, se pritihotapi v tabor oblegovalcev in umori ibn tahir pripozna Hasanovo duhovno ocetovstvo in postane dedic njegove http://www.ijs.si/lit/alamut2.html-l2

Pripomba o Bartolovem Alamutu Alamut in slovenski literarni ponos Nam bo Alamut ubranil v NATO? O Bigginsovi interpretaciji Alamuta ... Miran Hladnik Alamut in slovenski nacionalni interes Tegale spisa sem se lotil, da bi pojasnil nesporazum, ki po mojem tièi za sodobno zalo¾ni¹ko in ¹olsko popularizacijo romana Alamut Vladimirja Bartola. Knjiga je sicer zelo berljiva in vredna poudarjene obravnave v ¹oli in novih ponatisov, tudi v slovenski romaneskni kanon je bila uvr¹èena po pravici, sporna pa se mi zdi argumentacija, ki spremlja njeno sedanjo slavo. Literarni zgodovinarji smo navajeni èlanke zaèenjati s pregledom literarne scene v èasu, v katerem je iz¹lo obravnavano besedilo: bodi tako tudi v tem primeru. 1938 je bilo eno literarno bogatih let, èeprav je bilo obdobje najveèje leposlovne produktivnosti med prvo in drugo svetovno vojno ¾e mimo. Ob Bartolovem romanu Alamut Cvetkova Cilka , Franceta Bevka Kaplan Martin Èedermac , ki ga je avtor podpisal s psevdonimom Pavel Sedmak, in Iva ©orlija "ljudska povest" Veène vezi . Vse ¹tiri so dobile banovinsko nagrado, razpisano za to leto: Bevk je zasedel prvo mesto in zaslu¾il 7000 din, Jalen tretje (3000 din), Bartol je bil z 2000 din na èetrtem mestu in Ivo ©orli z enako vsoto na petem; druga in èetrta nagrada sta ¹li pesnikom. Razpis je klical zlasti po "veèjih pripovednih in dramatskih delih", "ki obravnavajo katerokoli pomembno dobo slovenske zgodovine in narodnega ¾ivljenja ter so va¾na za vzgojo narodne zavesti". Poroèevalcu Tinetu Debeljaku se je v katoli¹kem dnevniku

65. History Of Astronomy: What Was New At This Site, November 6, 2002 - September 18 AlBaghdadi, Abu Mansur ibn tahir (c.980-1037). Short biography, references andlinks (MacTutor Hist. Math.) Al-Khalili, Shams al-Din Abu Abdallah http://www.astro.uni-bonn.de/~pbrosche/new/new030918.html

History of Astronomy What's new History of Astronomy: What was new at this site, November 6, 2002 - September 18, 2003 Some URLs have been updated. Welcome / About Site map (complete Table of Contents) updated Acknowledgements updated History of astronomy Persons A Abiosi [Abbiosi], Giovanni Battista [Jean-Baptiste] (fl. 1494-1498) Libraries entries (Search in KVK) Find more about Abiosi with Google Find more about Abiosi with Alta Vista Al-Baghdadi, Abu Mansur ibn Tahir (c.980-1037) Short biography, references and links (MacTutor Hist. Math.) Al-Khalili, Shams al-Din Abu Abdallah (c.1320-c.1380) Short biography, references and links (MacTutor Hist. Math.) al-Maghribi, Muhyi l'din (c.1220-c.1283) Short biography, references and links (MacTutor Hist. Math.) B Brahe, Tycho [Brahe, Tyge; Brahe, Tycho de] (1546-1601) Tynsky chram, kde je pohrben Tycho Brahe - Tyn - the church in which Tycho Brahe is buried , Prague Pomnik Tychona Brahe a Johanna Keplera - Memorial of Tycho Brahe and Johannes Kepler , Prague C Short biography, references and links

66. Thetruereligion.org - Articles-Some Medieval Accounts Of Salah Al-Din's Recovery Among them was Ali ibn tahir alSulami (dAH 500/AD 1106). Al-Sulami wrote oneof the earliest treatises on the jihad in response to the Crusade. http://thetruereligion.org/modules/wfsection/article.php?articleid=304&page=5

67. Kitab Al-Shifa' Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn tahir said in explanation of this ayat, Allah imbuedMuhammad with mercy, so that his very being was mercy and all his qualities and http://www.arches.uga.edu/~godlas/shifa.html

Ash-Shifa of Qadi Iyad "The Healing by the Rights of the Recognition of the Chosen One" Chapter 1: ALLAH'S PRAISE OF HIM AND HIS GREAT ESTEEM FOR HIM This chapter is an exposition of some of the clearest ayats in the Book, of Allah which speak well of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, enumerate his good qualities and Allah's esteem of him, and praise of him. SECTION 1: Concerning Allah's praise of him and his numerous excellent qualities Allah says: "A Messenger has come to you from among yourselves"(9:128) Allah informs the believers, or the Arabs, or the people of Makka, or all people (according to different commentaries on the meaning of the words) that He has sent to them from among themselves a Messenger whom they know, whose position they are sure of and whose truthfulness and trustworthiness they cannot but recognize. Therefore, since he is one of them, they should not suspect him of lying or of not giving them good counsel. There is no Arab tribe without descent from, or kinship with, the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. This, according to Ibn Abbas and others, is the meaning of His words, "except love for kin." (42:23) He is from the noblest, highest and most excellent of them. How much further in the ayat can praise go? Then Allah continues the ayat by attributing to him all kinds of praiseworthy qualities and greatly praises his eagerness to guide people to Islam, his deep concern for the intensity of what afflicts and harms them in this world and the Next, and his compassion and mercy for the believers.

68. Egyptian Kings (Pharaohs) Khalid Ibn Yazid Ibn Mazid alShibany (822-826 AD) Abdullah ibn tahir Ibnal-Hussein (826-827 AD) Eissan Ibn Yazid al-Gloudi (829-829 AD) http://interoz.com/egypt/Kings.htm

Egyptian Kings, Governors and other Rulers See also from our Feature Articles: General Topics Related to Kings Was the Phraoh Divine? Ancient Egyptian Regalia Early Dynastic Kings, Part I Early Dynastic Kings, Part II ... Royal Titles of the Ancient Pharaohs Topics Related to Specific Kings The Scorpion King by Marie Parsons The Catfish King, Also Known as Narmer by Marie Parsons For the Earliest known Kings prior to the 1st Dynasty, see Naqada III: Dynasty 0 EARLY DYNASTIC PERIOD 1st Dynasty Little actual history is known of the pharaohs of the early dynasties. Their monuments, however, are some of the most studied artifacts in the world. Menes (Aha) Djer (Itit) Djet (Wadj) Den (Udimu) ... Qa'a 2nd Dynasty Hetepsekhemwy (Hotepsekhemwy) Reneb (Nebra) Ninetjer (Nynetjer) Peribsen (Seth-Peribsen) ... Khasekhemwy OLD KINGDOM The age of the Pyramid. The pyramids of Giza and Dahshur are built during this period.

69. Example Of "Genealog*" Catalog Database Search - Using The Melvyl® Legacy Syste Language Arabic Ibn alQaysarani, Muhammad ibn tahir, 1056-1113. Homonyma internomina relativa, auctore Abdu l-Fadhl Mohammed ibn tahir al-Makdisi, http://www.dcn.davis.ca.us/~vctinney/melvylcati.htm

Example of "Genealog*" Catalog Database Search - Using the Melvyl® Legacy System Section "I" Genealogy and Family History Internet Web Directory Search This Site Melvyl® System - University of California: Worldwide Genealogy and Family History Research ... Z (Misc. One Two Use MELVYL® - The Catalog of the University of California Libraries to obtain current information on specific entries listed below, full holdings, locations, call numbers, etc.) or to find new additions in the Entire Collection . A general search can be done by subject or keywords, using: "Genealog*", ETC. for the entire collection. Records listed with "Online Access" use Online Resources : Veroffentlichungen der Landesarchivverwaltung Rheinland-Pfalz ; Bd. 37, 47, 62, Inventare nichtstaatlicher Archive ; Bd. 18, etc., Veroffentlichungen der Landesarchivverwaltung Rheinland-Pfalz Bd. 37, etc. Language: German Inventory index of the Silver Terrace Cemeteries /, edited by Bernadette S. Francke. [Virginia City, Nev.] : Comstock Historic District Commission, [1995] iv leaves, 34 p. : ill., map ; 28 cm. Inventory index of the Silver Terrace Cemeteries /, edited by Bernadette S. Francke. [Virginia City, Nev.] : Comstock Historic District Commission, [1995] iv leaves, 34 p. : ill., map ; 28 cm. An Inventory of cemeteries in South Cook County /, edited by Jo Ellen Johnson. South Holland, Ill. : South Suburban Genealogical and Historical Society, 1991. 88, A-13, i-4 p. : maps ; 28 cm. Series title: South Suburban Genealogical and Historical Society research series ; v. 3

70. Ali Ibn Abi Talib - Encyclopedia Article About Ali Ibn Abi Talib. Information about Ali ibn Abi Talib in Free online English dictionary and Ali ibn Husayn Ali ibn Sahl Rabban alTabari Ali ibn tahir al-Sulami http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Ali ibn Abi Talib

Domain='thefreedictionary.com' word='Ali ibn Abi Talib' join mailing list webmaster tools Word (phrase): Word Starts with Ends with Definition subscription: Dictionary/ thesaurus Computing dictionary Medical dictionary Legal dictionary Financial dictionary Acronyms Columbia encyclopedia Wikipedia encyclopedia Hutchinson encyclopedia Ali ibn Abi Talib 0.03 sec. Page tools Printer friendly Cite / link Email Feedback Ali ibn Abi Talib Arabic Arabic Click the link for more information. ) (c. 21st March Events Aethelfrith of Northumbria possibly defeats the northern British in a major battle at Catraeth. Births Brahmagupta, Indian mathematician Deaths King Wideok of Baekje Click the link for more information. Events Caliph Ali Ben Abu Talib is assassinated. He is succeeded by Muawiyah I ibn Abu Sufyan, first Umayyad caliph Emperor Tenji ascends to the throne of Japan Perctarit and Godepert become co-rulers of the Lombards, following the death of their father Aripert King Munmu becomes the 30th ruler of the Silla dynasty Click the link for more information. ) was the fourth caliph Caliph is the term or title for the Islamic leader of the Ummah Khalîf Click the link for more information.

71. 111 ibn Bakkar et Sams al nahar, ibn tahir quitteBagdad. 76.7 - Un joaillier, ami de Tahir, offre au prince de le remplacer. http://www.univ-tours.fr/arabe/076.htm

N° 076 – Ali Ibn Bakkâr et Shams an-Nahâr Segmentation : 76.1 - S'étant rencontrés chez Ibn Tâhir, marchand de la cour, le prince Ali ibn Bakkar et Sams al nahar, favorite du calife, s'éprennent l'un de l'autre. 76.2- Le prince, accompagné de son ami, se rend à l'invitation de la favorite et est magnifiquement reçu dans son palais. 76.3 - Le tête-à-tête de Sams al nahar et d'Ali ibn Bakkar est interrompu par une visite inopinée du calife à sa favorite. 76.4 - Leur tête-à-tête ayant été interrompu par l'arrivée inopinée du calife chez sa favorite, Ali ibn Bakkar et Sams al nahar tombent malades d'amour contrarié. 76.5 - Les amants échangent des lettres par l'intermédiaire de Ibn Tâhir. 76.6 - Craignant pour lui-même les suites de l'intrigue qu'il a d'abord favorisée entre Ali ibn Bakkar et Sams al nahar, ibn Tahir quitte Bagdad. 76.7 - Un joaillier, ami de Tahir, offre au prince de le remplacer. 76.8 - Le joaillier ménage aux amants un rendez-vous dans une de ses maisons, qu'il décore de meubles prêtés par des amis. 76.9 - Des voleurs remarquent l'emménagement des précieux meubles.

72. SeedQuest - Central Information Website For The Global Seed Industry 1997 Bachelor science in General Agronomy (IAV Hassan II). 1993 Bachelor’sdegree in Mathematical Sciences, ibn tahir College, Errachidia, Morocco. http://www.seedquest.com/Employment/seekers/1535.htm

73. EL ISLAM, El Islam Translate this page La mezquita de Amr alcanza finalmente sus dimensiones actuales en el 827, épocaen la que Abd Allah ibn tahir le da su forma definitiva. http://www.almendron.com/arte/arquitectura/islam/cap_07/islam_071.htm

INTRODUCCION El Egipto copto y monofisita, que vivía bajo la opresión de los Bizantinos ortodoxos, había acogido a los conquistadores musulmanes como liberadores. En un principio, el país constituyó, en la época islámica, una brillante encrucijada de influencias y de corrientes espirituales. Esta multiplicidad de fuentes se observa en las obras de arquitectura. Una primera mezquita es edificada en Fostat, ciudad que los árabes han fundado en el 641, durante la conquista, en un lugar cerca de El Cairo, nueva capital que levantaron los Fatimíes. Esta mezquita lleva el nombre de Amr ibn el-Ass, general victorioso que inicia, en el 642, una construcción cuyo aspecto ha cambiado muchas veces durante su larga historia, porque fue demolida y reconstruida en el 698, reconstruida otra vez en el 711, ampliada en el 750, y después en el 791 de nuestra era [ FIG. 1 La mezquita de Amr alcanza finalmente sus dimensiones actuales en el 827, época en la que Abd Allah ibn Tahir le da su forma definitiva. Esta gestación agitada se debe no solamente a las vacilaciones de los arquitectos a la hora de fijar el tipo clásico de la mezquita durante los dos primeros siglos de la hégira, sino también al rápido crecimiento del número de musulmanes que quieren participar en la oración en una sala de congregación capaz de acoger a numerosos fieles [ FIG. 2

74. L'algèbre Depuis Al-Khwarizmi Jusqu'à Descartes, Par Olivier THILL. astronome ouzbek, voyage en Inde. al-Baghdadi alias ibn tahir (c. http://members.aol.com/OlivThill/algebra.htm

L'algèbre dans les années 830 (al-Khwarizmi) à 1637 (Descartes) présenté par Olivier Thill Introduction J'ai écrit cette page pour répondre aux questions suivantes : Qu'est-ce que l'algèbre ? D'où vient ce mot ? Quels furent les développements de l'algèbre chez les musulmans ? Comment l'algèbre fut-il adopté par les chrétiens ? Pourquoi Descartes s'est-il servi de l'algèbre pour résoudre des problèmes de géométrie ? Quelle est l'originalité de Descartes dans le domaine des mathématiques ? Table des paragraphes Introduction 1. Origine du mot Algèbre 2. Contenu du livre ... Conclusion et résumé 1. Origine du mot Algèbre Le mot algèbre vient du titre d'un livre, al-jabr wa'l muqabalah écrit par al-Khwarizmi , vers 830 (prononcer "al-jaber-oual-mouquabalaa" et "al-kouarizmi") Ce livre est dédié au calife al-Mamoun qui régne à Bagdad de 813 à 833 La traduction habituelle du mot jabr est restauration , et dans ce cas précis, il indique le passage d'un terme d'une équation de l'autre côté du signe égal. Par exemple, on fait une "jabr" quand on transforme y + 4 = x en y = x - 4 Le mot muqabalah est traduit par confrontation ou réduction , et dans ce cas précis, il désigne l'opération consistant à éliminer les termes identiques et opposés dans une équation. Par exemple, on fait une "muqabalah", quand on transforme

75. Shia News | Articles: Islam | A Fairytale Of Abdullah Ibn Saba; Refuted. AbdulQahir ibn tahir al-Baghdadi (d. 429) in his book al-Farq Bainal-Firaq (Differences of the Sects). Muhammad Ibn Abdil-Karim al-Shahrastani (d. http://www.shianews.com/hi/articles/islam/0000163.php

low graphics advertisement promotion feedback ... A Fairytale of Abdullah Ibn Saba; refuted. Published on: Monday, 26 Shaba´an 1422 (12 November 2001) A Fairytale of Abdullah Ibn Saba; refuted. By Ali Payam Mosbat Author's Note: To the reader, when people write critical and objective articles without identifying themselves, such as the article bellow, it feels like I'm reading and refuting a pamphlet written by the KKK. It's spooky, and detracts greatly from the weight of any comments made. This absurd and anonymous article ABDULLAH IBN SABA; FOUNDER OF SHIISM is another ploy demonstrated by the anti-Shi’ah syndicate in order to mislead, cast confusion and discord among the Shi’ah in particular and Muslims in general. The anti-Shi’ah zealots have attempted to invert every truth about the forthright successor ship of Ali ibn abi Talib (a.s.) to accommodate their predecessor’s fundamental error, i.e. the irrational and fraudulent concept of caliphate, hence, its stepchild the misconception of (shura). A Fairytale Refuted by Facts "Oh you believe, if a transgressor comes to you with news, try to verify it, lest you inflict damage on people unwittingly; then you may consequently regret your hasty action. (ch. 49, v.6)

76. Abdullah Ibn Saba (Part I) (2) AbdulQahir ibn tahir al-Baghdadi (d. 429) in his book al-Farq Bainal-Firaq (Differences of the Sects). (3) Muhammad Ibn Abdil-Karim al-Shahrastani http://www.al-islam.org/encyclopedia/chapter10/1.html

77. UNF: The Crusades: Class Supplement 3 (Halsall) Ali ibn tahir AlSulami (d. 1106) Kitab al-Jihad (extracts)At Cornell Thisis the first known Islamic discussion of the concept of jihad written in the http://www.unf.edu/classes/crusades/crusades-03.htm

University of North Florida History Dept Halsall Homepage Main Page Readings Discussion Search Links ... Bibliography University of North Florida/Paul Halsall Class Website www.unf.edu/classes/crusades/ Lecture Supplement 3 The First Crusade Reading Riley-Smith. The Crusades: A Short History . Chaps. 1-2. Gabrieli. Arab Historians of the Crusades . Part I: Chaps.:1-3 OHC 3 = Lloyd, Simon. "The Crusading Movement, 1096-1274." In The Oxford Illustrated History of the Crusades , ed. Jonathan Riley-Smith. 34-65. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995. Munro, Dana C. "The Speech of Urban II at Clermont." American Historical Review 11 (1906), 231-40. [Available online at UNF via JSTOR [Half class read] Duncalf, Frederic. "The Peasants Crusade." American Historical Review 26 (1921): 440-53. [Available online at UNF via JSTOR ] [Bring a copy to class] [Half class read] Goldin, Simha. "The Socialisation for Kiddush ha-Shem among Medieval Jews," Journal of Medieval History 23:2 (1997): 117-38. [Online at Elsevier Science Journals]

78. The Time Of Al-razi Ibn alAdami and Ibn Amajur compiled astronomical tables; the latter was said to be written in 966 by Mutahhar ibn tahir al-Maqdisi (qv, next chapter). http://www.alchemywebsite.com/islam15.html

This is the mirror of the alchemy web site www.levity.com/alchemy History of Islamic Science 4 Based on the book Introduction to the History of Science by George Sarton (provided with photos and portraits) Edited and prepared by Prof. Hamed A. Ead These pages are edited by Prof. Hamed Abdel-reheem Ead, Professor of Chemistry at the Faculty of Science -University of Cairo, Giza, Egypt and director of the Science Heritage Center E-mail: ead@frcu.eun.eg Web site: http://www.frcu.eun.eg/www/universities/html/hamed2.htm Back to Islamic Alchemy The Time of Al-Mas'udi First Half of Tenth Century The overwhelming superiority of Muslim culture continued to be felt throughout the tenth century. Indeed, it was felt more strongly than over, not only the foremost men of science were Muslims, but also because cultural influences are essentially cumulative. By the beginning, or at any rate by the middle of the century, the excellence of muslim science was already so well established, even in the West, that each new arabic work benefited to some extent by the prestige pertaining to all. To be sure, other languages, such as Latin, Greek, or Hebrew were also used by scholars, but the works written in those languages contained nothing new, and in the field of science, as in any other, when one ceases to go forward, one already begins to go backward. All the new discoveries and the new thoughts were published in arabic. strangely enough, the language of the Qur'an had thus become the international vehicle of scientific progress.

79. Mirabilia ibn tahir, gobernador de Egipto, quién tomo laciudad y los hizo cruzar a la isla de Creta, como ya se ha dicho (sic). http://www.revistamirabilia.com/num3/num4/artigos/art9.htm

Mirabilia 4 la Historia Medieval La Revuelta la Toma de Creta en el 827 A Small Big Problem in Medieval History: the Revolt of Arrabal de Cordoba (818) and the conquest of the Island of Crete in 827 Diego Melo Carrasco diego.melo@uai.cl la ABREM. Resumen: "Lago Musulmán" Abstract : The present article deals with a topic might appear of marginal importance in the context of medieval history, thas is, the expulsion of the Cordoban conspirators after the Revolt of Arrabal de Cordoba (818) and their conquest of the Island of Crete in 827, Nevertheless, it becomes important when one realizes the implications in the Eastern Mediterranean, when this area was transformed into a “Moslem Lake” –as it has been called by Henri Pirenne. Which would prevente the free transit of Byzantine shipping, forcing the Empire to employ all of its diplomatic abilities to deal whit the situation. Entre las dificultades con que nos encontramos al enfrentar un trabajo de esta naturaleza están, por un lado, la escasez de documentos, y por otro, lo críptico que resulta el tema puesto que involucra el estudio de otra civilización, lo cual exige entrar a comprender otras formas de vida y "mentalidad". ANTECEDENTES Este poder independiente será desde el emirato de al-Hakam (796-822), quien se encargará de llevar él mismo la oración ritual de los viernes. Es así que el débil vínculo existente con el Califato Abbassi - la llamada "ficción Califal"- será sólo nomimal más que de dogma (

80. Royal Decree On Appointments To Shura Council Mr. Abdullah ibn tahir AlDabbagh 51. Major-General (retired) Abdullah IbnAbdulrahman Al-Tasan 52. Dr. Abdallah Ibn Abd Al-Aziz Al-Munifi http://www.saudiembassy.net/1997News/News/GovDetail.asp?cIndex=4037

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