21. Encyclopædia Britannica Topic Abd alWahhab ibn tahir. Encyclopædia Britannica Related Articles.contribution to San a Go to Index Browse List of Abbreviations http://www.britannica.com/eb/topic?idxStructId=704&typeId=13

22. English Section Shaikh Abdulfattah Aboghodda.com : Publications Risalat alHafiz Mohammad ibn tahir al-Maqdisi fi Shurut Kutub al-a imma al-Sitta.The epistle of the hadith master Mohammad ibn tahir al-Maqdisi concerning http://www.aboghodda.com/en_publications.htm

The Books of Shaikh Abdulfattah Aboghodda SHAIKH `ABD AL-FATTAH ABU GHUDDA d. 11 Shawwal 1417 in Riyadh (Sunday 16 February 1997) Buried in al-Baqi`, Madina List of his updated annotated editions and original works Published by Maktab al-Matbu`at al-Islamiyya, Islamic Publishing's House. (revised and modified) Sun, May 11, 2003 1. Imdad al-Fattah bi'asaneed wa marwyat al-Shaikh Abdulfattah. Edited by his student Muhammad Abdullah al-Rashid. top 2. al-Raf` wa al-Takmil fi al-Jarh wa al-Ta`dil. The sum of elevation and completion concerning the science of narrator-authentication. By Imam (Mohammad Abdul Hai) al-Lucknowi. 3rd ed. 564 p. 3. al-Ajwiba al-Fadila li al-As'ila al-`Ashra al-Kamila fi `Ulum al-Hadith. The excellent answers to the ten questions on the sciences of hadith. By Imam (Mohammad Abdul Hai) al-Lucknowi. 3rd ed. top 4. Iqamat al-Hujja `ala anna al-Ikthar fi al-Ta`abbud Laysa bi Bid`a. The establishment of the great proof whereby abundance in acts of devotion is not an innovation. By Imam (Mohammad Abdul Hai) al-Lucknowi. 3rd ed. 5. Risalat al-Mustarshidin. Treatise for the Seekers of Guidance. By Imam al-Harith ibn Asad al-Muhasibi. 8th ed. Beirut 1415.

23. Medieval Sourcebook: Ibn-Miskawaih: The Experiences Of The Nations, C. 980 CE Safi the Hurami (attendant of the women s apartments) went to bring him down theriver from ibn tahir s palace; when the harraqah in which he was brought http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/980Ibn-Miskawaih.html

Back to Medieval Source Book ORB Main Page Links to Other Medieval Sites Medieval Sourcebook: Ibn-Miskawaih: The Experiences of the Nations, c. 980 CE The Caliphate of al-Muqtadir Billah (r. 908-932). Account of the procedure at the proclamation of Ja'far son of Mu'tadid, whose kunyah was Abu'l-Fadi, and who was thirteen years of age at the time When Muktafi's [Caliph, r. 892-902, father of Muqtadir] illness grew serious, his wazir `Abbas ben Hasan inclined to Ibn al-Furat's view, and with this there coincided the testament of Muktafi, which assigned to his brother Ja`far the sucession to the Caliphate. So when Muktafi died, late in the day on Saturday, August 13, 908, the wazir `Abbas appointed Ja`far to the Caliphate, albeit unwillingly, owing to Ja`far's tender years. Safi the Hurami (attendant of the women's apartments) went to bring him down the river from Ibn Tahir's palace; when the harraqah in which he was brought came on its way to the palace of `Abbas ben Hasan, the retainers of `Abbas called out to the boatman to come inside. It occurred to Safi the Hurami that `Abbas only desired Ja`far to enter his palace because he had changed his mind with regard to the prince; fearing then that the wazir might transfer his choice to some one else, Safi told the boatman not to go in, and drawing his sword said to the boatman: If you go inside, I will slash off your head. So the boatman proceeded without stopping to the Sultan's Palace. Ja`far's appointment was then effected, and he took the title al-Muqtadir Billah ("the powerful through God"). The new Sultan gave `Abbas a free hand, and the latter gave out the accession money.

24. MuslimHeritage.com - Topics Al Baghdadi is sometimes known as ibn tahir, whose full name is Abu MansurAbralQahir ibn tahir ibn Muhammad ibn Abdallah al-Tamini al-Shaffi al-Baghdadi http://muslimheritage.com/topics/default.cfm?ArticleID=516

25. Encyclopedia Of The Rulers Of Egypt Abdullah ibn tahir Ibn alHussein, from Rabei Awwal 211H/June 826 AC to Ragab212H/October 827AC, Eissan Ibn Yazid al-Gloudi, from Zel Queida 213 H/April http://www.sis.gov.eg/rulers/html/en07.htm

Pharaonic Egypt Alexander the Great and Ptolemy The Romans The Byzantines ... The Tulunids The Abbasids ruled from 133H/750AC to 656H/1258AC. They were the descendents of al-Abbass, uncle of Prophet Mohammed (peace be upon him). They collaborated with the Alawis and other factions to turn over the Umayyad empire. Abu al-Abbas Ibn Abdullah Ibn Mohammed Ibn Ali Ibn Abdullah Ibn Abbas, known as al-Saffah, the bucher, was announced the caliph in al-Kofa. The final combat between the Umayyads and the Abbasids took place in 132H/750AC and resulted in ending the Umayyads empire. The Abbasids built Baghdad at the Degla River as their capital. It was an important trade center. The establishment of the Abbasids Empire caused far reaching political, social and cultural impacts in all over the Islamic empire. The Abbasids Empire reached its culmination under Haroun al-Rashid. After his death, seditions spread, the matter that weakened the empire till the Mongols invaded it and exterminated the Abbasids dynasty in 656H/1258AC. Over those events, Egypt remained to be one of the most important and the richest and strongest states. Some rulers tried to get Egypt independent from the central regime in Baghdad as happened under Ahmed Ibn Toloun and al-Akhsheed. The Abbasids installed the following rulers in Egypt:

26. Schools And Sects Ahmad, Bashiruddin Mahmud, Hasrat Mirza, 1889 ibn tahir alBaghdadi, Abd al-Qahir, d. 1037 Moslem schisms and sects (al-Farkbain al-firak) being the history of the various philosophic systems http://pkukmweb.ukm.my/~library/school.htm

Schools and Sects Ahmad, Bashiruddin Mahmud, Hasrat Mirza Ahmadiyyat, or true Islam. Rahwah : Ahmadiyya Muslim Foreign Missions Office Tahrik-i-Jadid, 1959. Ahmad, Ghulam, Hasrat Mirza The teachings of Islam. 10th. ed. Secunderabad-Du : Anjuman-e-Tarraqqi Islam, [19]. 'Ali ibn Muhammad ibn al-Walid, d. 1215 A creed of fatimids : a summary of the Tajul 'l-aqa'id. Bombay : Qayyunah Press, 1936. 'Ali, Kassim Ever living guide : a short explanation of divine illumination on earth for the guidance of mankind by Kassim Ali M. J. Karachi : Ismailia Association Pakistan, 1955. 'Ali Muhammad, Shirazi, called ul-Bab, 1821-1850. Le beyan Arabe : le livre sare du Babysme de Seyyed Ali Mohammed dit le Bab. Paris : E. Leroux, 1905. 'Ali, Syed Miytaba, 1904- The origin of the Khojahs and their religious life today. Warzburg : Buchd. R. Mayr, 1936. The Baha'i religion : Papers read at the conference on some living religions within the British Empire, 1924. New York : Baha'i Pub. Committee, 1925. Becker, Carl Heinrich, 1876-1933. Das der Ismaeliten im koptischen Danielbuch. Cottingen : (s.n.), 1916.

27. Our Belief In Ahl Al-Bayt [as] Yahya ibn alAktham, Abdullah ibn tahir, Thumama ibn Ashras, Bishr ibn Abdullah ibn tahir ibn al-Husayn has written down his name and the same date; http://al-islam.org/al-rida/3-1.htm

Supplement Regency Document Historians have often made reference to the regency declaration written for Imam al-Rida (A.S.) by al-Mamoon. Al-Arbili in his Kashf al-Ghumma fi Akhbar al-A'imma may be considered the most reliable of all in his textual accuracy because he stated that he had examined the original copy of the declaration and quoted it word for word, and we would like to quote it here in its narrative. He mentioned in his book the following: "In the year 670, one of his executives came from his (Imam's) sacred quarters with the document written in person by al-Mamoon, and between its lines and on its back cover there were comments made in the handwriting of the Imam; so I kissed the places where he had written, and let my eyes glide on the gardens of his speech. I considered having come across it as one of the blessings and favours of God, and I copied it down ver batim , and it is handwritten by al-Mamoon who stated: In the Name of God, Most Gracious, Most Merciful This is a document written by the commander of the faithful Abdullah son of Harun al-Rashid for Ali ibn Mousa ibn Ja'fer, his heir to the throne: THEREUPON, God the Exalted and the Sublime has selected Islam as His religion, and chose from among His servants Messengers leading to Him, guiding others towards Him, the first of them tells the glad tidings about their last, the latest among them testifying to the former, till God's Prophethood ended with the Prophethood of Muhammad (S.A.W.) after a long period during which no prophets were sent, while knowledge was obliterated, inspiration ceased, and the Hour drew nearer. So God sealed through him all other Prophets and made him a witness for them, an authority over them, and He revealed unto him His Dear Book which wrong cannot approach from front or from back, a Revelation from the Wise, the Praised One, of what He permitted and prohibited, promised of bliss and forewarned of retribution, warning and alerting, enjoining and prohibiting, so that He would have the clear proof against His creation

28. Klee,Albanian Militia,Jakob Roggeveen,,Steven Hassan,East Bay Warwickshire,Ali ibn tahir alSulami,Warfield, Kentucky,CATV,,Díade Europa,Tabernaemontanus,SDAIE,Henry Cosmo Orme Bonsor,Comarca, http://reference.batcave.net/340.htm

Home Previous Next Reference ... Boiler : A boiler is a closed vessel in which water or othe Asheron's Call : Asheron's Call Developer(s) Turbine Entertainment JR東海キハ85系気動車 : JR東海85系気動車,JR東海キハ85系気動車,1988年,1989年,1992年,1996年,1997年,3月,6月25日,JR東海371系電車 : 弁済,Template:Stub,債権,民法,Wikipedia:スタブ Non-price competition : Non-price competition,Template:Econ-stub,Advertising,Brand management,Competition,Economics,Finance,Marketing research,Marketing strategies,New product development Tracy Austin : Tracy Austin,Template:Sportbio-stub,Template:Tennis-stub,1962,1980,Biography,December 12,Rolling Hills, California,Sport,Tennis Penn Township, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania : Penn Township, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania,2000,African American (U.S. Census),Asian (U.S. Census),Census,Cumberland County, Pennsylvania,Geographic references,Hispanic (U.S. Census),Latino (U.S. Census),Marriage Oudelande : Oudelande,Netherlands,Zeeland,Zuid-Beveland Leonidas Plaza : Leonidas Plaza,Template:Gov-stub,1865,1901,1905,1912,1916,1932,Ecuador,Galo Plaza Lasso

29. Mad7. Abu Muhammad alFahsili, Muhammad ibn tahir ibn Tawus and a group of peopel fromFes and Ceuta and some Andalusians. His fatwas went to the east and the http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/ABewley/mad7.html

Abu 'Imran al-Fasi (d. 403/1012), prominent Maliki faqih of Qayrawan His full name was Musa ibn 'Isa ibn Abi Hajj ibn Wulaym ibn al-Khayr al-Ghafjumi. Ghafjum is a branch of the Zanata tribe. However, as-Samantari said that it is part of the tribe of Hawara. His family came from Fes and were well-known there. They were known as the Banu Abu Hajj. He lived in Qayrawan and obtained leadership in knowledge there. He learned fiqh in Qayrawan with Abu'l-Hasan al-Qabisi, and he listened there to Abu Bakr ad-Duwayli and 'Ali ibn Ahmad al-Lawwati as-Susi. He travelled to Cordoba where he studied fiqh with Abu Muhammad al-Asili. He listened to Abu 'Uthman Sa'id ibn Nasr, 'Abdu'l-Warith ibn Sufyan, Ahmad ibn Qasim and others. Then he travelled to the east and went on hajj and went to Iraq and listened to Abu'l-Fath ibn Abi'l-Fawaris, Abu'l-Hasan 'Ali ibn Ibrahim al-Mustamli, Abu'l-Hasan ibn al-Khadr, Abu Ahmad al-Fardi, Abu't-Tayyib al-Muhammadi, Abu'l-'Abbas al-Kawkhi, Abu'l-Hasan ibn al-Hammami al-Muqri', Abu'l-Husayn ibn ar-Radk, Abu'l-Hasan ibn al-Muhamali, Abu 'Abdullah ibn Bakr ar-Razi, Abu'l-Qasim as-Safri, Abu 'Abdullah al-Ja'fi the Qadi, Abu Ahmad ibn Jami' ad-Dahhan, Hilal al-Haffar, Abu'l-Husayn ibn al-Mufaddal al-'Attar and others. He studied the usul with Qadi Abu Bakr al-Baqillani and met a group of scholars.

30. Memento Finis Partie 2 Translate this page Il s’agit du Dey ibn tahir, le secrétaire particulier de Salah-Ad-Din. Après quelquesmots de bienvenue, ibn tahir proposera aux Frères de se reposer de http://cdefours.club.fr/scenarmiles2.htm

Accueil RuneQuest Cthulhu Miles Christi ... E-Mail Memento Finis partie Annexes Nous sommes le jour de la Saint Jean et Paul (le 26 juin). " Emissaires du Temple, sachez pouvoir, en cette soirée, vous considérer comme mes convives plus que comme mes adversaires dans la lutte qui nous oppose " " Mes chers amis, nous sommes réunis en ce jour pour recevoir les doléances des émissaire du Temple. Dois-je rappeler qu’à la suite de notre écrasante victoire au Marj-Ayun, nous avons eu la clémence d’épargner l’un des leurs, le Frère Eudes. C’est de la libération de ce dernier qu’il convient que nous nous entretenions. Avant toute chose, je précise que Nous ne sommes guère favorable à cette libération. Néanmoins, en Notre grande clémence, Nous restons à l’écoute des propositions du Temple ". Il se tournera vers les Frères et les interrogera du regard. A eux de plaider au mieux la libération de Eudes de Saint-Amand. Quelque soit leur proposition, et surtout si elle tient au versement de la rançon, l’Atabeg fera la moue. Dans ce dernier cas, Soraka prendra la parole et marquera son étonnement : " Je croyais qu’il était de coutume, chez les Frères du Temple, de ne verser aucune rançon si ce n’est un couteau d’arme ? Si votre Loi n’a que si peu de valeur à vos yeux que vous la transgressez à la première occasion, comment pouvons-nous avoir confiance en vos dires ? Pour ma part (se tournant vers l’Atabeg), je ne vois pas ce que nous pourrons tirer d’une telle négociation (l’Atabeg fera signe à Soraka de garder patience) ".

31. Memento Finis Annexes ibn tahir. http://cdefours.club.fr/scenarmilesannexes.htm

Accueil RuneQuest Cthulhu Miles Christi ... E-Mail Memento Finis partie Annexes ANNEXE 1: LES ACTEURS DU DRAME FRERE VALFROY Les quatre hommes d'armes ARMAND LUC CONRAD ODON FRERE NICODEME er FRERE SERGENT JULIEN 33 ans et disciple attentif et dévoué de Nicodème, il prend pour argent comptant tout ce que lui dit son mentor. C’est un homme à la stature de bœuf, les cheveux coupés très courts et presque imberbe. Il ne parle pas beaucoup et son expression favorite est " Comme le dit le Frère Nicodème ". FRERE GREGOIRE JAAFAR IBN SA'ADI – le tisserand SARAH et son fils, SELIM. DEY IBRAHIM SORAKA L'EMIR ABU ALI DEY IBN TAHIR EMIR IBN JOBAIR DEY TAREK AD FAT'I SHAMS AL DWA TURANSHA SALAH AD DIN SI'HEM LA SERVANTE PERE SACHARIE LE MAGE ANNEXE II : CHRONOLOGIE DU DRAME: 10 juin 1179 (Saint Godeleine): 16 juin 1179 (Saint Cyr): 16 et 17 juin 1179: 18 au 25 juin 1179: voyage vers Damas: Jaferia Naplouse Le Bessan 24 juin 1179: 25 juin 1179 (Saint Pretextat): Primes: Tierce: Sixte : None: Complies: les conseillers leur annoncent une visite de la ville pour le lendemain Laudes: 26 juin 1179 (saint Jean et Paul):

32. The Time Of Al-razi him was really written in 966 by Mutahhar ibn tahir alMaqdisi (qv, next chapter) . Grandson of Thabit ibn Qurra (qv second half of ninth century); http://www.levity.com/alchemy/islam15.html

History of Islamic Science 4 Based on the book Introduction to the History of Science by George Sarton (provided with photos and portraits) Edited and prepared by Prof. Hamed A. Ead These pages are edited by Prof. Hamed Abdel-reheem Ead, Professor of Chemistry at the Faculty of Science -University of Cairo, Giza, Egypt and director of the Science Heritage Center E-mail: ead@frcu.eun.eg Web site: http://www.frcu.eun.eg/www/universities/html/hamed2.htm Back to Islamic Alchemy The Time of Al-Mas'udi First Half of Tenth Century The overwhelming superiority of Muslim culture continued to be felt throughout the tenth century. Indeed, it was felt more strongly than over, not only the foremost men of science were Muslims, but also because cultural influences are essentially cumulative. By the beginning, or at any rate by the middle of the century, the excellence of muslim science was already so well established, even in the West, that each new arabic work benefited to some extent by the prestige pertaining to all. To be sure, other languages, such as Latin, Greek, or Hebrew were also used by scholars, but the works written in those languages contained nothing new, and in the field of science, as in any other, when one ceases to go forward, one already begins to go backward. All the new discoveries and the new thoughts were published in arabic. strangely enough, the language of the Qur'an had thus become the international vehicle of scientific progress. The development of Muslim culture was fostere in Spain by the eighth Umayyad caliph of the west, Abd al-Rahman II, the advances of Muslim science continued to take place almost extensively in the east.

33. History Of Islamic Science - The Time Of Abu-l-wafa Mutahhar ibn tahir alMaqdisi (or al-Muqaddasi), ie, the native or inhabitant ofthe Holy City. From Jerusalem, flourished in Bust, Sijistan, c. 966. http://www.levity.com/alchemy/islam16.html

History of Islamic Science 5 Based on the book Introduction to the History of Science by George Sarton (provided with photos and portraits) Edited and prepared by Prof. Hamed A. Ead These pages are edited by Prof. Hamed Abdel-reheem Ead, Professor of Chemistry at the Faculty of Science -University of Cairo, Giza, Egypt and director of the Science Heritage Center E-mail: ead@frcu.eun.eg Web site: http://www.frcu.eun.eg/www/universities/html/hamed2.htm Back to Islamic Alchemy The Time of Abu-l-Wafa Second Half of Tenth Century The period which we have just tried to analyze, and then to reconstruct, was on the whole one of comparative rest. There was no retrogression, but the advance of mankind, which had been so vigorously accelerated during the ninth century through the youthful energy of Islam, was then distinctly slowed up. It is not the first time that we thus witness a momentary quieting down of human activity; on the contrary, we have already had occasion to observe many such periods of fallow. e. g., the first half of the second century B. C., the second half of the fifth, the second half of the sixth, the second half of the seventh, the first half of the eighth. But in each case the slowing up was followed by a new acceleration. To come back to the second half of the tenth century, we shall see presently that it was a period of renewed activity in almost every field; the partial fallowness of the first half of the century was thus amply rewarded by more abundant crops and mankind was able to make a few more leaps forward.

34. ABU-L-ALA UL-MA'ARRI - LoveToKnow Article On ABU-L-ALA UL-MA'ARRI From Bagdad he visited Khorassan, where he enjoyed the favor of Abdallah ibn tahir.About 845 he was in Ma arrat unNu man, where he met Buhturi. http://24.1911encyclopedia.org/A/AB/ABU_L_ALA_UL_MA_ARRI.htm

ABU-L-ALA UL-MA'ARRI ABU TAMMAMABYDOS See EGYPT; J. H. Breasted, Ancient Records, -Egypt, vol. iii. pp. 124 et seq., esp. 212; "The Temples of Lower Nubia," in the American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures, October 1906. (F. LL. G.) See Life in Ibn Khallikan's Biographical Dictionary, trans. by M'G. de Slane (Paris.and London, 1842), vol. i. pp. 348 ff.; and in the Kitdb ul-Aghani (Book of Songs) of Abulfaraj (Bulaq, 1869), vol. xv. pp. 100-108. (G. W. T.) ABUTILON (from the Arabic aubtiilltin, a name given by Avicenna to this or an allied genus), in botany, a genus of plants, natural order Malvaceae (Mallows), containing about eighty species, and widely distributed in the tropics. They are free-growing shrubs with showy bell-shaped flowers, and are favorite greenhouse plants. They may be grown outside in England during the summer months, but a few degrees of frost is fatal to them. They are readily propagated from cuttings taken in the spring or at the end of the summer. A large number of horticultural varieties have been developed by hybridization, some of which have a variegated foliage. ABUTMENT, a construction in stone or brickwork designed to receive and resist the lateral pressure of an arch, vault or strut. When built outside a wall it is termed a buttress.

35. Al-Albani Unveiled: Conclusion And Bibliogrpahy (18) ibn tahir alBaghdadi, al-Farq bayn al-firaq, (Moslem Schisms and Sects), vol.2, Trans. Halkin, AS; Porcupine Press, Philadelphia. http://www.masud.co.uk/ISLAM/misc/alconc.htm

Al-Albani Unveiled Conclusion and Bibliography By the will of Allah As far as I know at the time of writing this short exposition, al-Albani has not taken much heed to correct his errors let alone make aware to his readership his mistakes - as well as their necessary rectifications. I say this because even at the time of writing, his supporters in England are still quoting his "authentications" of Hadith in various books that have been translated into English. I have noticed quite surprisingly that most of his followers are still oblivious of the fact that Shaykh Saqqaf has publicised al-Albani's errors; even though Shaykh Saqqaf's books have been available in Jordan (and other countries) for more than two years! And my last word on this subject are in the words of Imam Muhammad ibn Sirin (d. 110 AH; Rahimahullah, vide: Mishkatul-Masabih, 1/273, on the authority of Imam Muslim): "Verily this knowledge is the knowledge of religion. You must carefully see from whom you are receiving the knowledge of your religion."

36. Projects The Kitab alJihad (Book of the Holy War) of Ali ibn tahir al-Sulami Precedentsand Parallels. Niall Christie Department of Classical, Near Eastern and http://www.arts.ubc.ca/index.php?id=467&backPID=550&tt_news=578

37. AFTER THE FALL OF SASANIAN DYNASTY Publication in Persian was banned by Abdollah ibn tahir (Taherid Dynasty), whoburned Persian books. The 9th and 10th century saw the revival of Persian http://www.cais-soas.com/CAIS/History/Post-Sasanian/after_fall.htm

Home About CAIS Articles News Update ... Links If you require any further information please contact: Shapour Suren-Pahlav AFTER THE FALL OF SASANIAN DYNASTY MIGRATIONS According to Encyclopedia Iranica , there was a migration of a large group of Iranians called Arslans from Northern Iran in the 5th century to West. They were completely assimilated into the indigenous cultures within a generation or so. Traces of them can still be found in Spain and France. The second mass migration came immediately after the fall of the Sasanian Empire to China and Northern Iranian provinces in Central Asia. Emperor Yazdegerd III's son Pirooz, and other members of the royal family sought assistance from a distant ally in China. By the time Pirooz marched back to Iran at the head of an army supplied by the emperor of China, Emperor Yazdegerd had been already murdered. Pirooz did not make any headway and had to return to China. That group was able to sustain itself in China for a few centuries, but eventually were completely assimilated and disappeared. The third and most famous migration took place in the 10th century. This group of Iranians moved from their homeland near Neishapur and the Fort of Sanjan in Khorrasan to the island of Hormoz in the Persian Gulf.

38. Www. Persia .it appointed Talha ibn tahir to be his father s successor, or, according to othersources, ibn tahir to succed his father, but since Abdallah was in Raqqa, http://www.persia.it/English/html/history.htm

History Home Travel Info Business ... E-mail Traces of Civilization in Iran Before the First Half of the Fifth Millenium B.C. The scientific excavation and study of the ancient caves and mounds of Iran by archaeologists has placed at the disposal of scholars a great deal of information about man's past. The oldest artifact which has so far come to light on the Iranian plateau from the prehistoric period is a stone hand - axe found near K ermanshah which is approximately 100,000 years old. domesticate animals. Archaeologists call this new period that of the beginning of settled, agricultural society. The prehistoric cultures of Iran are divided in to two main groups: the north and northeastern cultures and the south and southewestern cultures. The cultures of the north and northeast are as follows: The Seyalk Culture Artifacts of this culture were found for the first time in Seyalk Hills near Kashan , and thus the culture was called by this name. The deepest level of excavation of this hill brought to light relics and remains of

39. Alcantara Ibn Mundir AHMAD ibn tahir (*) Señor deMurcia MUHAMMAD ibn tahir (*) Hijo del caíd de Murcia http://www.geocities.com/Area51/Labyrinth/7331/alcantara.htm

Autor/a Frank Baer (Dresden, 1938) Cada uno de ellos parte de sitios distintos, Ibn Ammar reside en Murcia, Yunus en Sevilla y Lope en Sabugal (Portugal). Personajes principales: DADA: Criada de la casa de Yunus AMIN HASAN: Criado de la casa de Yunus ETAN IBN ELI: Comerciante, amigo de Yunus LOPE: Mozo al servicio del conde de Guarda DON SANCHO DE CASTILLA (*): Hijo de don Fernando ABU BAKR MUHAMMAD IBN AMMAR (*): Poeta andaluz IBN MUNDIR: Comerciante y armador murciano ZUHRA ("la Bella"): Esposa de Ibn Mundir NARYS ("Narciso"): Cantante esclava de Ibn Mundir MUHAMMAD IBN ABBAD AL-MU'TAMID (*): Hijo y sucesor de al-Mu'tadid IBN ZAYDUN (*): Poeta andaluz y primer ministro de Sevilla ABD-AL-YALIL IBN WAHBUN (*): Poeta de la corte de al-Mu'tamid BARRAZ: Duelista profesional FUTA: Toalla GULAM: Criado HAZZAN (hebreo): Cantor de la sinagoga JADIM: Criado JASI: Criado de la corta castrado KATIB: Secretario, funcionario KATIB AL-ZIMAM: Intendente de palacio LITAM: Velo para la cara que llevan las mujeres musulmanas MAYUS: Nombre dado por los musulmanes a los normandos o vikingos MUHTASIB: Inspector de un mercado MUNYA: Casa de campo PARNAS (hebreo): Jefe, caudillo

40. Niall Christie's CV Motivating Listeners in the Kitab alJihad of Ali ibn tahir al-Sulami (d.1106), Crusades. Religious Campaign or War of Conquest? http://www.geocities.com/niallchristie/CV.html

CURRICULUM VITAE NIALL G. F. CHRISTIE Department of Classical, Near Eastern and Religious Studies, The University of British Columbia BUCH C260-1866 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, CANADA. Tel: +1 (604) 822-2365, Fax: +1 (604) 822-9431 E-mail: EDUCATION University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife PhD in Islamic History (August 1999) Thesis on Levantine Attitudes towards the Franks during the Early Crusades (490/1096-564/1169) , supervised by Hugh Kennedy. MLitt in Islamic History (Distinction) Including a dissertation on The Presentation of the Franks in Selected Muslim Sources from the Crusades of the 12th Century , supervised by Hugh Kennedy. MA Hons Arabic (1st Class) Including Language, Literature, History and Islamic Law. Junior Honours MA Arabic Including 4 months study in Cairo, Egypt, where excellent grades in both Spoken Egyptian and Modern Standard Arabic were gained. 2nd Year 1st Arts Arabic Culture (Distinction), 2nd Arts French (Merit) and 2nd Arts Arabic (Merit). 1st Year In addition to formal university education, I have also attended courses on mediaeval European history at both the University of St Andrews and Cornell University. Wellington College, Crowthorne, Berkshire

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