61. SCIENZA ARABA Moesgaard,thabit ibn qurra between Ptolemy and Copernicus a Analysis of http://www.dismec.unige.it/testi/cosmo/Theb.htm

SCIENZA ARABA THABIT IBN QURRA, 221/836-288/901 Da Règis Morellon, Introduzione Matematico eccellente e medico apprezzato al suo tempo fu un celebre traduttore dal greco all'arabo, e revisionò i testi derivanti dal siriaco, essendo questa la sua lingua materna. Le fonti arabe non sono concordi nell'indicare l'anno della nascita. Originario di Harran, in Mesopotamia, era membro della setta dei Sabei, presso i quali si erano conservate vive le tradizioni ellenistiche. Questa regione era anche famosa per la costruzione degli astrolabi. In seguito a dissapori con i correligionari si trasferì a Bagdad su invito di Muhammad b. Musa b. Shakir, entrando nel circolo scientifico da lui fondato assieme ai suoi due fratelli. L'opera di Thabit b. Qurra si inserisce nel grande movimento scientifico che iniziò sotto l'impulso di al-Ma'mun che regnò dal 198/813 al 218/833. Sotto il suo regno furono costruiti due osservatori, uno a Damasco e l'altro a Bagdad e ampliò la famosa "Casa della sapienza" bayt al-hikma , un istituzione fondata sotto il regno di al-Mansur: era nello stesso tempo biblioteca generale, centro di ricerca e di traduzione dal siriaco o dal greco all'arabo. Accanto a questa istituzione operava nello stesso periodo il circolo fondato dai mecenati "fratelli Musa".

62. Storia Della Scienza-Indice Generale Translate this page SCIENZA ARABA. thabit ibn qurra, 221/836-288/901 di Astronomia tolemaica diAl-Fargani, un astronomo della generazione precedente a thabit ibn qurra. http://www.dismec.unige.it/testi/cosmo/Theb11.htm

SCIENZA ARABA THABIT IBN QURRA, 221/836-288/901 La misura della precessione La critica a Tolomeo dalla traduzione di Régis Morelon di Sull'anno solare di Thabit Ibn Qurra, Oeuvres astronomiques pag.30,8-17: "Dato ciò che abbiamo detto, è necessario che il movimento della sfera delle stelle fisse sia connesso a quello dell'orbita del sole, quanto alla leggera differenza che interviene tra il risultato che abbiamo trovato per lo spostamento dell'apogeo del sole, nel tempo che va dall'osservazione degli antichi alla nostra osservazione, essa deriva da un errore di osservazione. La prova di ciò risiede nel fatto che quando Tolomeo ha fatto la sintesi dei suoi risultati, ha menzionato che il movimento della sfera delle stelle fisse era di 1 grado per secolo,mentre noi abbiamo trovato che il movimento della sfera delle stelle fisse è di un grado e mezzo per secolo circa.". Questo passo è fondamentale perchè mostra come ben presto a Bagdad si mise a controllo i dati e i modelli di Tolomeo, mentre in Occidente si continuava a seguire l'astronomo greco, come Dante espressamente ancora riferisce nella Vita Nova e nel Convivio ,citando il compendio di Astronomia tolemaica di Al-Fargani, un astronomo della generazione precedente a Thabit Ibn Qurra. Per essere precisi la costante annuale di precessione trovata da Thabit è di 0;0,49,39, molto vicina alla misura di 50" per anno della tradizione sapienziale dell'antichità.

63. Jabir_ibn_Aflah Both may be based on the work of thabit ibn qurra, or the work of ibn Aflah,Abu lWafa, and thabit ibn qurra may all be based on some still unknown source. http://homepages.compuserve.de/thweidenfeller/mathematiker/Jabir_ibn_Aflah.htm

al-Ishbili Abu Muhammad Jabir ibn Aflah Born: about 1100 in possibly Seville Died: about 1160 Jabir ibn Aflah is often known by the Latinised form of his name, namely Geber. Although not he was not in the first rank of Arabic mathematicians, he is important in the development of mathematics since his works were translated into Latin, and so became available to European mathematicians, whereas the work of some of the top rank Arabic mathematicians such as Abu'l-Wafa were not translated into Latin. Very little information is available regarding Jabir ibn Aflah's life. That he came from Seville is known from two sources. Firstly he is described as "al-Ishbili" in manuscripts containing his treatises; this means "from Seville". The other source gives us not only the information that he came from Seville, but also a good estimate for the period in which he lived. The information comes from Maimonides. Moses Maimonides, whose Arabic name was Abu 'Imran Musa ibn Maymun ibn 'Ubayd Allah, was a Jewish philosopher, jurist, and physician who was born in Córdoba in 1135. Among many important works he wrote The Guide of the Perplexed in Arabic in which he writes of:- ... ibn Aflah of Seville, whose son I have met ...

64. Saudi Aramco World : Science:The Islamic Legacy: Science In The Golden Age The Banu Musa and thabit ibn qurra and his sons did not work in isolation.The works that issued from the House of Wisdom were the product of many different http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/198203/science.the.islamic.legacy-science.

May/June 1982 Volume 33, Number 3 May/June 1982 Volume 33, Number 3 Science:The Islamic Legacy Science in the Golden Age Written by Paul Lunde Illustrated by Michael Grimsdale Additional illustrations courtesy of Bodleian Library Towards the end of the 10th century, Ibn al-Nadim, son of a Baghdad , bookseller and boon companion of Abbasid caliphs, compiled an annotated bibliography of books that had passed through his hands during the course of his long and active life. The sheer number of books that he lists, to say nothing of the range of their subject matter, is astonishing: Aristotle appears beside Sindbad the Sailor, Euclid beside the stories of Goha, Plato beside the poems of'Antar ibn Shad-dad. The most striking feature of Ibn al-Nadim's catalog, however, is the number of books dealing with science. In a chapter entitled The Reason Why Books on Philosophy and Other Ancient Sciences Became Plentiful in This Country, Ibn al-Nadim relates a strange story of how Aristotle appeared in a dream to the Caliph al-Ma'mun and assured him that there was no conflict between reason and revelation. Thus reassured, al-Ma'mun set about obtaining the works of the Greek philosophers, the first step toward founding the famous House of Wisdom, a center for the translation of Greek scientific works into Arabic. Ibn al-Nadim told the story this way: This dream was one of the most definite reasons for the output of books. Between al-Ma'mun and the Byzantine emperor there was correspondence ... so al-Ma'mun wrote to the Byzantine emperor asking his permission to obtain a selection of old scientific manuscripts, stored and treasured in the country of the Byzantines. After first refusing, he finally complied, and al-Ma'mun sent forth a number of scholars, among them al-Hajjaj ibn Matar, Ibn al-Batrik, Salman, the director of the House of Wisdom and many others. They selected books from those they found and brought them back to al-Ma'mun, who ordered them to prepare translations of them.

65. PORTRAITS OF SCIENCE: A Polymath In The 10th Century -- Rashed 297 (5582): 773 - Scholars such as Banu Musa, thabit ibn qurra, Ibrahim ibn Sinan, alQuhi (1),and ibn Sahl measured curved surfaces and solids, invented new geometrical http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/297/5582/773

document.write(''); Previous Article Table of Contents Next ... Article Science , Vol 297, Issue 5582, 773 , 2 August 2002 Summary of this Article PDF Version of this Article E-Letters: Submit a response to this article Download to Citation Manager Alert me when: new articles cite this article Search for similar articles in: Science Online ISI Web of Science PubMed Search Medline for articles by: Rashed, R. Request permission to use this article This article appears in the following Subject Collections: Essays Physics, Applied ADVERTISEMENT What's This... [DOI: 10.1126/science.1074591] Essays on Science and Society Also see the archival list of the Essays on Science and Society. PORTRAITS OF SCIENCE: A Polymath in the 10th Century Roshdi Rashed Ibn al-Haytham (10 to 11th century A.D.) T he turn of the first millennium was a time of intense research in mathematics, physics, and astronomy. One scientist active and productive in all of these fields was Ibn al-Haytham, called by his successors of the 12th century "Ptolemy the Second." Ibn al-Haytham, also known as Alhazen (the Latin transliteration of his first name al-Hasan), was born in Iraq, most likely in Bassorah, in the second half of the 10th century. He arrived in Cairo under the reign of Fatimid Caliph al-Hakim, a patron of the sciences who was particularly interested in astronomy. Ibn al-Haytham proposed to the Caliph a hydraulic project to control the flow of the Nilean early Aswan dam. The Caliph refused, but al-Haytham continued to live in Cairo, in the neighborhood of the famous University of al-Azhar, until his death after 1040.

66. Muslim Contributions To Science, Philosophy, And The Arts In the field of Algebra the Muslims continued with thabit ibn qurra s more 826 901 ibn qurra, thabit; mathematician. 865- 923 Razi, al- (Rhazes); http://www.jannah.org/articles/contrib.html

67. Recherche : Théorème%20de%20Thabit-Ibn%20Qurra thabit-ibn qurra , Certification IDDN. Dans les fiches,Parmi les mots-clés. 1 fiche trouvée . 2002 Collection M / Sciences http://publimath.univ-lyon1.fr/cgi-bin/publimath.pl?r=théorème de Thabit-Ibn Q

68. Thabit Ibn Qurrah (Thebit), 836-901 C.E. Founder of Statics; Astronomer; Extended concept of traditional geometry togeometrical algebra and proposed theories of nonEuclidean geometry, http://www.cyberistan.org/islamic/qurra.html

THABIT IBN QURRAH (THEBIT) (836 - 901 C.E.) by Dr. A. Zahoor Biography Available in the E-Book

69. Thabit Ibn Qurra Biography thabit ibn qurra biographyt. thabit ibn qurra abu l Hasan ibn Marwan alSabial Harrani (826 – February 18 901) was an Arab astronomer and http://www.ebiog.com/biography/3583/thabit-ibn-qurra/bio.htm

HOME PHOTOS DIRECTORY CONTACT ... FORUM F IND B IOGRAPHY search by name S EARCH A LPHABETICALLY A B C D ... Z R ELATED C ONTENT A DVERTISEMENTS Thabit ibn Qurra Thabit ibn Qurra abu' l'Hasan ibn Marwan al-Sabi al'Harrani (826 – February 18 901) was an Arab astronomer and mathematician. In Latin he was known as Thebit. Thabit and his pupils lived in this midst. He worked in Baghdad and he occupied himself with mathematics astronomy mechanics medicine and philosophy. His native language was Syriac which was the eastern Aramaic dialect from Edessa and he knew well also Greek. He translated from Greek Apollonius Archimedes Euclid and Ptolemy. Thabit had revised translation of Euclid Elements of Hunayn ibn Ishaq. He had also rewritten the Hunayn's translation of Ptolemy's Almagest and he translated Ptolemy's Geography which later became very known. Later Thabit's patron was the Abbasid Caliph al-Mu'tadid (reigned 892–902) and Thabit very soon became his personal friend and the visitor of his court. There are just a few original Thabit's works that were preserved. Thabit has developed a theory about the trepidation and oscilation of the equinoctial points of which many scolars debated in the Middle Ages. According to Copernicus Thabit has determined the length of the sidereal year 365d 6h 9m 12s (an error of 2s). He published his observations of the Sun. In mathematics Thabit discovered an equation for determining the amicable numbers.

70. BiViO - Gli Autori not identified (1). Hunayn ibn Ishaq. Physica (1). ibn qurra, thabit.De imaginibus (1). ibn Wahsiyya, Abu Bakr Ahmad b. Ali alKasdani http://www.bivionline.it/en/PicatrixCitList_authors.html

index search quotations(58) illustrations works of the same author editions Authors -> Ignoto -> Picatrix -> Citations Citations author mentioned work not identified ( Al-Istamahis ( Al-Istamatis ( Bustan al-hukama' wa-qa'idat al-hikma ( ... Liber imaginum signorum ( Apollonio di Tiana (Pseudo) De secretis naturae ( Aristotele De anima ( Aristotele (Pseudo) Secretum secretorum ( Enoch Liber de quindecim stellis ( Fakhr ad-Din ar-Razi, Muhammad ibn Umar ibn al-Husain Al-sirr al-maktum ( Geber not identified ( Hunayn Ibn Ishaq Physica ( Ibn Qurra, Thabit De imaginibus ( Ibn Wahsiyya, Abu Bakr Ahmad b. Ali al-Kasdani Filaha al-nabatiyya ( Ibn al-Athir, Izz al-Din al-Kamil ( Muhammad Qur'an ( Pitagora not identified ( Shahrastani, Muhammad Ibn Abd Al-Karim Al-Milal wa-l-Nahal ( Tolomeo (Pseudo) Centiloquium ( al-Farabi, Abu Nasr Muhammad Ara'ahl al-madina al-fadila. ( al-Mutanabbi, Abu al-Tayyib Ahmad ibn al-Husayn Diwan ( al-Razi, Abu-Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariya not identified (

71. BiViO - Gli Autori Translate this page luogo non identificato (1). Hunayn ibn Ishaq. Physica (1). ibn qurra, thabit.De imaginibus (1). ibn Wahsiyya, Abu Bakr Ahmad b. Ali al-Kasdani http://www.bivionline.it/it/PicatrixCitList_authors.html

indice cerca citazioni(58) illustrazioni opere stesso autore edizioni Autori -> Ignoto -> Picatrix -> Citazioni Citazioni autore opera citata luogo non identificato ( Al-Istamahis ( Al-Istamatis ( Bustan al-hukama' wa-qa'idat al-hikma ( ... Liber imaginum signorum ( Apollonio di Tiana (Pseudo) De secretis naturae ( Aristotele De anima ( Aristotele (Pseudo) Secretum secretorum ( Enoch Liber de quindecim stellis ( Fakhr ad-Din ar-Razi, Muhammad ibn Umar ibn al-Husain Al-sirr al-maktum ( Geber luogo non identificato ( Hunayn Ibn Ishaq Physica ( Ibn Qurra, Thabit De imaginibus ( Ibn Wahsiyya, Abu Bakr Ahmad b. Ali al-Kasdani Filaha al-nabatiyya ( Ibn al-Athir, Izz al-Din al-Kamil ( Muhammad Qur'an ( Pitagora luogo non identificato ( Shahrastani, Muhammad Ibn Abd Al-Karim Al-Milal wa-l-Nahal ( Tolomeo (Pseudo) Centiloquium ( al-Farabi, Abu Nasr Muhammad Ara'ahl al-madina al-fadila. ( al-Mutanabbi, Abu al-Tayyib Ahmad ibn al-Husayn Diwan ( al-Razi, Abu-Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariya luogo non identificato (

72. Reviews R. Morélon, thabit ibn qurra. Oeuvres d astronomie. Paris 1987. In Zeitschriftfür Geschichte der ArabischIslamischen Wissenschaften 5, (1987) 274-279. http://www.math.uu.nl/people/hogend/reviews.html

Book reviews by Jan P. Hogendijk Book reviews in Dutch (recensies in het Nederlands) Book reviews in English Roshdi Rashed, Ahmed Djebbar, Aleppo: Institute for the History of Arabic Science 1981, in Zentralblatt der Mathematik J. Sesiano, Book IV to VII of Diophantus' Arithmetica in the Arabic translation attributed to Qusta ibn Luqa. New York etc. (Springer) 1982, in: Historia Mathematica H. Gericke, Mathematik in Antike und Orient , Berlin: Springer, 1984, in Centaurus Alireza Djafari Naini, , Braunschweig: Klose, 1982, in Historia Mathematica 12 (1985), 295-296, see also Mathematical Reviews Ali A. Al-Daffa and John J. Stroyls, Studies in the Exact Sciences in Medieval Islam , in: British Journal for the Philosophy of Science Sezgin, F, Geschichte des arabischen Schrifttums. Band V: Mathematik bis ca. 430 H. Band VI. Astronomie bis ca. 430 H. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1974-8, in Mathematical Reviews Rashed, R, Paris, Les Belles Lettres, 1984, in: Mathematical Reviews A.S. Saidan, The works of Ibrahim ibn Sinan, Kuwayt 1983, in

73. Untitled Abu lHasan thabit ibn qurra Born 826 in Harran, Mesopotamia (now Turkey) Died18 Feb 901 in Baghdad, (now in Iraq). tex2html_wrap_inline191 thabit was a http://www.math.tamu.edu/~don.allen/history/arab/arab.html

Next: About this document Arab Contributions Within a century of Muhammad's conquest of Mecca, Islamic armies conquered lands from northern Africa, southern Europe, through the Middle East and east up to India. Within a century of that the Caliphate split up into several parts. The eastern segment, under the Abbasid caliphs, became a center of growth, of luxury, and of peace. In 766 the caliph al-Mansur founded his capitol in Baghdad and the caliph Harun al-Rashid, established a library. The stage was set for his successor, Al-Ma'mum. In the 9 century Al-Ma'mum established Baghdad as the new center of wisdom and learning. He establihed a research institute, the Bayt al-Hikma (House of Wisdom), which would last more than 200 years. Al-Ma'mum was responsible for a large scale translation project of as many ancient works as could be found. Greek manuscripts were obtained through treaties. By the end of the century, the major works of the Greeks had been translated. In addition, they learned the mathematics of the Babylonnians and the Hindus. What follows is a brief introduction to a few of the more prominent Arab mathematicians, and a sample of their work

74. Dangerous-industries Search For TH thabit ibn qurra Typos/falses thabit ibn qurra Htabit ibn qurra Tahbitibn qurra Rhabit ibn qurra Ghabit ibn qurra Yhabit ibn qurra http://www.dangeruss-industries.com/list.TH.html

75. Math Words Page 13 thabit ibn qurra discovered, and proved, a rule for creating amicable pairs in the AlFarisi (born 1260) gave a new proof of thabit ibn qurra s theorem, http://www.pballew.net/arithm13.html

Math Words, pg 13 Back to Math Words Alphabetical Index Aliquot parts of a number are proper divisors of the number that are smaller than the number. The aliquot parts of six are one, two, and three. The word joins two unlikely partners, the Latin ali for "other" and quot for how many. Together they came to mean a part of something, in this case, a part of the number of which it is a factor. The "other" meaning of ali remains today in words like alius, alibi, and alien. The quot root remains in quotient. Aliquot chains, sometimes called sociable chains , are formed by taking the sum of the aliquot parts and adding them to form a new number, then repeating this process on the next number. For some numbers, the result will bring you directly back to the original number. In that case the two numbers are called amicable numbers . For example, 220 and 284 are amicable numbers. The divisors of 220 are 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 11, 20, 22, 44, 55, 110 and if you add all these numbers together, you can see they sum to 284. The aliquot parts of 284 are 1, 2, 4, 71, 142 and these sum to 220. The relationship between 220 and 284 was known at least as far back as Pythagorus (500 BC). Sam Kutler has written to tell me that the first use of a term like "friend" for the pair was in a commentary on the work of Nicomachus by Iamblichus, around 300 AD. He also thought the Greek term was

76. 15. THE CITY OF SIN. 4. The Sabians Of Harran -- Historical Details. The most famous of them is thabit ibn qurra, who was born AD 835, and died cAD 901.During the earlier part of his life he resided in Harran, http://www.antiqillum.com/texts/bg/Qadosh/qadosh047.htm

THE SABIANS OF THE HOUSE OF WISDOM. 15. THE CITY OF SIN. The Sabians of Harran – Historical Details. We are now going to present the historical narrative, as complete as we can make it, in reverse order, from the school established by Agrippa in London, to the farthest back we can go. If we miss some group or another, we hope to make it up to you in the future. What we are about to detail in this narrative, pertains not only to the Sabians of Harran, but to the entire Western Esoteric Tradition, aka the Hermetic Tradition. This is a telling of the antiquities of the Hermetic Tradition, at least as far as how it was transmitted, from the East, to Florence, and the rest of Europe. New materials for 11 March 2002: new remarks from Ambelain more on the Boghdadiens According to Robert Ambelain, in Le Martinisme , some new information is coming to light as to the origins of the R+C which are not very far off from what we have been piecing together from the materials made available to us. It is not entirely possible for us at least, to find the proofs which Ambelain asserts regarding Agrippa, but here we go with a quote: "Dès le debut du XVI° siècle, nous voyons fonctionner l'association secrète de la "Communauté des Mages", fondée par Henri Cornélius Agrippa, association qui groupait les maîtres contemporains de l'Achimie et de la Magie.

77. Uczony Heretyk - Nowinki Matematyczne - Wirtualny Wszech¶wiat Dokladna data urodzin Tabita ibn Qurry (thabit ibn qurra) nie jest znana; miescisie w przedziale lat 824836. Wiadomo natomiast, ze Tabit pochodzil z http://www.wiw.pl/nowinki/matematyka/200102/20010219-001.asp

W iw.pl Na bie¿±co: I nformacje C o nowego Matematyka i przyroda: A stronomia B iologia ... odelowanie rzeczywisto¶ci Humanistyka: F ilozofia H istoria ... ztuka Czytaj: B iblioteka D elta ... ielcy i wiêksi Przydatne: S ³owniki C o i gdzie studiowaæ ... szech¶wiat w obrazkach Jeste¶ tutaj: Wirtualny Wszech¶wiat Informacje Nowinki 2000-2002 Matematyka Jeste¶ tutaj nowinka: Uczony heretyk autor: Jaros³aw W³odarczyk z dnia: Szukacz Przeszukaj Wirtualny Wszech¶wiat: Jak zadawaæ pytania? Uczony heretyk Tysi±c sto lat temu zmar³ w Bagdadzie wszechstronny uczony islamu, Tabit Ibn Qurra. Pozostawi³ blisko 100 (choæ nie wszystkie siê zachowa³y) traktatów naukowych, z których za najwa¿niejsze uwa¿a siê prace po¶wiêcone matematyce i astronomii. Tabit Ibn Qurra (ok. 826-901) Dok³adna data urodzin Tabita Ibn Qurry (Thabit ibn Qurra) nie jest znana; mie¶ci siê w przedziale lat 824-836. Wiadomo natomiast, ¿e Tabit pochodzi³ z Harranu w Górnej Mezopotamii (obecnie Turcja), gdzie podobno w m³odo¶ci para³ siê wymian± pieniêdzy. Miasto to by³o o¶rodkiem kultu astralnego: cz³onkowie tamtejszej sekty sabijczyków utrzymywali, ¿e jako pierwsi uprawiali ziemiê, budowali miasta i... rozwinêli naukê. Dzieje Harranu tak siê potoczy³y, ¿e jego mieszkañcy przyswoili sobie jêzyk grecki w epoce hellenistycznej, a po podboju przez Arabów - arabski, zachowuj±c jednak ojczysty aramejski wraz z religi± przodków. Niemniej wolnomy¶licielskie pogl±dy Tabita sprawi³y, ¿e popad³ w konflikt z sabijczykami i opu¶ci³ Harran. Wêdruj±c spotka³ na swej drodze matematyka Muhammada Ibn Musê Ibn Shakira (jednego ze s³ynnych trzech braci Banu Musa), na którym g³êbia wiedzy matematycznej i filozoficznej Ibn Qurry, jak równie¿ jego bieg³o¶æ w jêzykach wywar³y olbrzymie wra¿enie. Muhhamad zaprosi³ go do Bagdadu, gdzie pod rz±dami dynastii Abbasydów rozkwita³a nauka. Najwybitniejszym jej patronem by³ kalif Al-Mamun, który za³o¿y³ Dom M±dro¶ci (

78. OICexchange.com : Gateway To OIC ‘Some people visited Zaid ibn thabit (one of the scribes of the Prophet SAW) andasked the qurra (memorizers of the Quran) which totaled in the tens of http://www.oicexchange.com/?f=25.html

79. Background_Reading_and_Quiz thabit ibn qurra translated the Almagest of Ptolemy into Arabic in the 12th century.T or F? In Islamic culture, fields of learning were divided into two http://homepage.mac.com/kvmagruder/hsci/07-Islamic/background.html

HOME Announcements Exhibits Online EZBoard ... Kerry Magruder History of Science Online Course Info Time tips Semester Schedule Weekly Assignments ... Week 7: Islamic and Early Medieval Science Background Reading and Quiz Due Date Pts Activity Time Wednesday 11:59 p.m. Background Reading + Background Quiz Without a sense of context, history is anachronistic. 2 hrs. Without a doubt, there were more scientists in the middle ages than in antiquity, and many of them wrote in Arabic. We will spend the next three weeks getting to know a few of them. Background readings for this week: David Lindberg, Beginnings of Western Science , Chapter 8, "Science in Islam," pp. 162-182. Supplementary notes by Kerry Magruder (includes timeline). BACKGROUND QUIZ: The statements are either True or False. When you take the quiz at , you will see 15 of these statements, chosen at random. You can take the quiz a total of two times, up until the due date, when the quiz will no longer be available. If you take the quiz a second time, your first attempt will be erased and your second attempt will be recorded. You will find the quiz in the Quizzes section of Desire2Learn.

80. Beth Mardutho: About The Syriac Language Another translator is thabit ibn qurra (d. 901). He wrote 15 scientific works inSyriac and 150 in Arabic, translated and revised Archimedes, Euclid, http://www.bethmardutho.org/aboutsyriac/civilization/

@import "/css/default.css"; Home Site Map Become a Member ... Advertise Google Search for Featured Projects Beth Mardutho Projects Select a project [ Current Projects ] Hugoye: Journal of Syriac Studies Encyclopedia of the Syriac Heritage [ Completed Projects ] eBeth Gazo: Syriac Musical Tradition Comparing the Syriac Gospels Concordance to the New Testament SEDRA (Syriac Retrieval Archive) Hosted Sites Select a site Syriac Studies Directory International Symposium Syriacum North American Syriac Symposium Books on Syriac Studies You are here: Beth Mardutho About The Syriac Language Part of World Civilization Part of the History of Civilization (From 9th - 13th centuries) Navigate: Origins of Syriac Early Literature Golden Age Part of World Civilization ... Today World civilization passes from one region to another, and from one language to another, by contact. If we are to trace the history of any field of science, we begin with the ancient Mesopotamians and Egyptians, moving to the Greeks and Romans, then to the Arabs, ending up in Western Europe (not to underestimate the civilizations of Asia and South America). One stop in this journey is almost always forgotten: the Syriac contribution! From the 4th century onward, the Greek sciences were translated into Syriac, including philosophy, logic, medicine, mathematics, astronomy and alchemy. When the Arabs desired to transmit the Greek sciences into Arabic during the 8th and 9th centuries, they turned to their Syriac subjects to do the task. In most cases, these Syriac scholars translated the works first into their native language then into Arabic. As a result, many of the Arabic scientific terminology, including the names of plants, are rooted in Syriac. Scientific works and terminology from other cultures, such as Persian and Indian, passed to Arabic via Syriac; a noted example is the name of the chemical element Zirconium (via Syriac

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