81. Bryn Mawr Classical Review 95.07.07 Maria Dzielska, hypatia of alexandria. Revealing Antiquity, No. 8 Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press, 1995 . Pp. viii + 225 with index. $29.95. http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/bmcr/1995/95.07.07.html

Bryn Mawr Classical Review 95.07.07 Maria Dzielska, Hypatia of Alexandria. Revealing Antiquity, No. 8 Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1995. Pp. viii + 225 with index. $29.95. ISBN 0-674-43775-6. Reviewed by Hagith S. Sivan, University of Kansas. Harvard's series Revealing Antiquity has presented the English-speaking reader with a number of translations from several European languages. A recent addition is Hypatia of Alexandria by Maria Dzielska of the Jagiellonian University in Cracow. Much of the research for this study was carried out at Dumbarton Oaks in 1990, and the work was "adapted and translated [presumably from Polish] from the unpublished manuscript" by F. Lyra. D. also is the author of Hypatia z Aleksandrii (Cracow: Nakl. Uniwersytetu Jagiellonskiego, 1993). There are several attractive features as one takes up this book: the jacket illustration shows a work of Jim Dine (a curious but not altogether inappropriate illustration of the service which contemporary art may render to the classics); the general format and print are pleasing; and the translation, as far as I can judge, is well done. The closest that D. comes to stating the purpose of this slim volume is a note in the preface: "I became filled with admiration for Hypatia's soul and mind, I felt a need to learn more about this extraordinary Alexandrian woman, scholar, and philosopher whose life and spiritual individuality have sustained interest in her for many centuries" (p.vii). If D. intended to produce a biography based on a consideration of the meagre sources available, the book, within these limits, certainly achieves its purpose. It is, on the whole, a useful introduction to Hypatia, her work, her students, and her death. It also highlights the difficulties involved in composing a biography of a person about whom we are remarkably ill-informed.

82. Encyclopedia Of Astronomy And Astrophysics » Hypatia Of Alexandria (370–41 hypatia of alexandria (370–415). DOI 10.1888/0333750888/3732; Published November 2000. Icon Full text (PDF, 16K) http://eaa.iop.org/index.cfm?action=summary&doc=eaa/3732@eaa-xml

83. Hypatia - A Victim Of Bigotry hypatia of alexandria, a woman of learning, murdered because of bigotry. The Primary Sources for the Life and Work of hypatia of alexandria Michael AB http://www.atheistfoundation.org.au/hypatia.htm

Home About Us Articles Membership ... Site Map ATHEIST FOUNDATION OF AUSTRALIA INC HYPATIA A VICTIM OF BIGOTRY by Lee Holmes Hypatia of Alexandria was the daughter of Theon, himself a mathematician and philosopher of note. Hypatia was a remarkable woman with great intelligence, physical stamina and beauty. Her father gave her a first rate education, not limiting it to just mathematical subjects, but also religion. Theon believed in learning about all religions allowing each person to make their own choices and not have one view thrust upon them. To be forced to hold to another's view is in essence being robbed of your own life. Hypatia herself says, "Fables should be taught as fables, myths as myths, and miracles as poetic fancies. To teach superstitions as truths is a most terrible thing. The child-mind accepts and believes them, and only through great pain and perhaps tragedy can he be in after-years relieved of them. In fact, men will fight for a superstition quite as quickly as for a living truth - often more so, since a superstition is so intangible you can not get at it to refute it, but truth is a point of view, and so is changeable." In about 400 AD Hypatia became head of the Plotinus school of Alexandria, where she taught mathematics and philosophy. She wrote three books on science and mathematics and numerous other papers. All of her writings have been lost and it is only through the letters of Synesius of Cyrene, one of her pupils that we know anything of her thoughts.

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86. February hypatia of alexandria. Hypatia was a famous mathematician, Even before Hypatia s time, Alexandria was a colourful multicultural city with inhabitants of http://www.pims.math.ca/education/2001/women/feb/

"If it does not seem to you worthy of Greek ears, if, like Aristotle, you prize truth more than friendship, a close and profound darkness will overshadow it, and mankind will never hear it mentioned." ...so writes Synesius of Cyrene in a letter to, his friend and teacher, asking for her opinion about a book he wrote. His tone demonstrates great respect and admiration for the recipient of his letter. Who was this highly esteemed woman? *** ENTER THE FEBRUARY CONTEST BELOW *** and learn about Hypatia of Alexandria Hypatia was a famous mathematician, philosopher and astronomer who lived around 400 AD in Alexandria, a city seething with political tension. In spite of her integrity and popularity, she found herself the focal point of conflict in a tragic manner. In the first contest of the "Women and Mathematics" series, you will have a chance to learn about the life of this remarkable mathematician. To participate, please answer the four questions below. To help you with your research on Hypatia, follow the links at the bottom of the page. Each of the following four questions has a numerical answer. If you subject your answers to the arithmetic operations indicated at the bottom of this page, you will get a single number. TO ENTER THE CONTEST PLEASE SUBMIT THIS NUMBER ONLY.

87. Expanding Your Horizons - Girl's Area hypatia of alexandria (in Egypt) was the leading mathematician and In Hypatia s time, Alexandria was the leading center of learning in the Greek http://www.expandingyourhorizons.org/Pathways/hypatia.html

Girl's Area A Day in the Life Conference Photos Hot Stuff Pathways for Girls ... Role Models Join Us Why Join? Donate with Network for Good (Make a difference in the way girls view math, science and engineering). Hypatia A.D. 370-415 by Professor Edith Prentice Mendez from Sonoma State University Hypatia of Alexandria (in Egypt) was the leading mathematician and philosopher in the western world at the time she was murdered by a mob in 415 AD. Her position as a woman scholar was unprecedented, although of course Alexandria had seen other powerful women, such as Cleopatra. Many stories have been told about Hypatia, in celebration of her life and in explaining her death. This biography relies on ancient documents to try to trace Hypatia's life and work. In Hypatia's time, Alexandria was the leading center of learning in the Greek tradition. Alexandria had been founded by Alexander the Great, who died in 323 B.C. Alexander had conquered Egypt, and the kings who followed him there established the greatest learning center of ancient times: the Museum and Library of Alexandria. These formed a university or institute for advanced study - "museum" meant dedicated to the muses, the female guiding spirits of arts and sciences.

88. Hypatia Of Alexandria - Germantown Academy Mathematica Biographies Hypatia The University of Alexandria. AR What was the position? Hypatia It was my pleasure I’m sure. The Alexandria Review is sad to report that http://www.germantownacademy.org/academics/US/Math/Millar/Hypatia/Connor.htm

"Hypatia of Alexandria" by Annie Connor '00 ALEXANDRIA REVIEW March 415 Issue 75 AR: What kind of influence did your father have on your development in the field of mathematics? H: My father aspired to immerse me in the knowledge of many areas of study, from mathematics and science to languages, arts, and the humanities. But he also made sure that I was a well-rounded child physically and intellectually. He raised me to believe that I could achieve any goal to which I set my mind. AR: Hypatia: Yes I agree. But a society dominated by men does not intimidate me. I have mastered many tasks that are thought to be purely male, such as swimming, rowing, horseback riding, speech, mountain climbing, and even traveling. AR: Travel? Where have you traveled? Hypatia: My father sent me to Athens when he thought I had learned as much as I could here in Alexandria. He sent me to Athens first because it is thought to be the mathematical center of the world. I learned so much there and went on to travel throughout Europe for ten years. AR : And were you not afraid to travel without a male companion?

89. Hypatia Of Alexandria Hypatia was a charismatic educationalist born in Alexandria on 370 AD. She was the daughter of the philosopher Theon, who imparted to his daughter the http://www.thelemicknights.org/ootmc/hypatia/hypatia.html

Hypatia of Alexandria Hypatia was a charismatic educationalist born in Alexandria on 370 AD. She was the daughter of the philosopher Theon, who imparted to his daughter the knowledge of mathematics. She helped her father compose his eleven part observations on Ptolemy's Almagest. She is also believed to have helped her father produce a version of Euclid's Elements which eventually became the foundation for all subsequent editions of Euclid. She wrote commentaries on Diophantus's Arithmetica, on Apollonius's Conics and on the astronomical works of Ptolemy's. She lectured on mathematics, astronomy, philosophy, and mechanics. She is the earliest woman in recorded history to have made such a profound contribution to the development of mathematics, science and philosophy. She based her tradition on the teachings of Plotinus, the founder of Neoplatonism, and presented these ideas with a greater emphasis on the importance of science than anyone before her. In 400 Hypatia became the head of the Platonist school. Her accomplishments and discoveries far exceeded those of her contemporaries. She was an extraordinary woman, who had cultivated her mind far beyond any other woman. All accounts describe her as extremely dignified and virtuous. Even though she taught many prominent Christians, and she was greatly admired by many monks, some Christians of the time began to associate her with paganism because of her extraordinarily intelligence. She was soon to become the focus for riots involving Christians and non-Christians alike.

90. *** The House Of Ptolemy: Byzantine Alexandria And Egypt *** 451. The martyrdom of the pagan philosopher Hypatia. Alexandria, 415 AD From HA Landman s hypatia of alexandria a portal site dedicated to Hypatia. http://www.houseofptolemy.org/housebyz.htm

The House of Ptolemy Annex: Egypt After the Ptolemies Byzantine Egypt and Afterwards [ Byzantine Egypt Pages ] [ General ] [ Maps ] [ Curches: ... [ To Modern Legacy Pages Index ] Egypt After Diocletian: Byzantine Egypt Historical Overviews of Byzantine Egypt (ca 312 to 641 CE) - Roman and Byzantine Rule (30BCE - 638 CE) [Overview] Late Antique Egypt by Traianos Gagos and Peter van Minnen Settling a Dispute: Toward a Legal Anthropology of Late Antique Egypt (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1994), x, 150 pp., 5 plates. - http://www.sis.gov.eg/public/yearbook/YEARBOOK/CH02SC07.HTM - Fouilles et programmes de l'IFAO: Copte, Arabe et Islamique L'IFAO développe un certain nombre de projets sur l'évolution historique de l'Égypte depuis sa christianisation jusqu'au XIXe siècle. Les fouilles entreprises sur le plateau d'Istabl 'Antar dans la partie méridionale du Caire ont mis au jour pour la première fois des habitations liées à la fondation, au milieu du VIIe siècle, de Fostat, la capitale arabe. - THE BIR UMM FAWAKHIR SURVEY 1992-93 Annual Report and the 1991-92 Annual Report - Bir Umm Fawakhir: Insights into Ancient Egyptian Mining - La Missione Archeologica Congiunta Delle Universita' Di Bolognae Lecce A Kom Umm El-atl SIBA - Servizi Informatici Bibliotecari di Ateneo Università diLecce Il sito La campagna 1993 La campagna 1994 La campagna 1995 - "Greek-Roman Period (332 BCE - 395 CE) from The Ancient Egypt Site A two paragraph historical overview starting from the Ptolemaic and going throught to the mid Byzantine Period.

91. Sivan, Hypatia Of Alexandria , Bryn Mawr Medieval Review 9507 URL A recent addition is i hypatia of alexandria /i by Maria Dzielska of the One case involved both Hypatia and Theophilus, the bishop of Alexandria, http://www.infomotions.com/serials/bmmr/bmmr-9507-sivan-hypatia.txt

Sivan, 'Hypatia of Alexandria', Bryn Mawr Medieval Review 9507 URL = http://hegel.lib.ncsu.edu/stacks/serials/bmmr/bmmr-9507-sivan-hypatia 95.7.5, Dzielska, Hypatia of Alexandria Maria Dzielska, Hypatia of Alexandria . Revealing Antiquity no.8 Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1995. Pp. viii + 225 with index. ISBN 0-674-43775-6 $29.95 Reviewed by Hagith S. Sivan University of Kansas Harvard's series Revealing Antiquity has presented the English- speaking reader with a number of translations from several European languages. A recent addition is Hypatia of Alexandria by Maria Dzielska of the Jagiellonian University in Cracow. Much of the research for this study was carried out at Dumbarton Oaks in 1990, and the work was "adapted and translated [presumably from Polish] from the unpublished manuscript" by F. Lyra. D. also is the author of Hypatia z Aleksandrii Hypatia, or New Foes with an Old Face Ep . 98, Bidez). She certainly became a model of unattainable intellectual and moral virtues for her disciples, even when the latter had to be acquired through somewhat unorthodox methods (nicely illustrated by her display of sanitary napkins, presumably drenched with blood, to cure a pupil of infatuation for her). Can we reconstruct a "school" out of this group? The term requires elucidation, particularly because Hypatia did not hold an official chair (p. 57). It also would have been useful to explore other schools in Alexandria at that time and the careers of a few contemporary

92. ±Ã¸®´åÄÄ> Do You Know >È÷ÆÄÀÌŸ(Hypatia Of Alexandria)¸¦ ¾Æ� Translate this page The summary for this Korean page contains characters that cannot be correctly displayed in this language/character set. http://www.kungree.com/know/know12.htm

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93. John Of Nikiu: The Life Of Hypatia A paragraph condemning hypatia and praising her murderers. From this bishop's Chronicle. http://cosmopolis.com/alexandria/hypatia-bio-john.html

The Life of Hypatia By John, Bishop of Nikiu, from his Chronicle Reprinted with permission from Alexandria 2 Notes 1. The Coptic word for the desert of Nitria. 2. This is apparently wrong. It should be "Cyril." Local Resources Hypatia of Alexandria Home page: ALEXANDRIA on the Web

94. Damascius: The Life Of Hypatia From The Suda Jeremiah Reedy's translation of this early biographical source, originally from Damascius' Life of Isidore. http://cosmopolis.com/alexandria/hypatia-bio-suda.html

The Life of Hypatia From Damascius's Life of Isidore , reproduced in The Suda Translated by Jeremiah Reedy Reprinted with permission from Alexandria 2 HYPATIA, daughter of Theon the geometer and philosopher of Alexandria, was herself a well-known philosopher. She was the wife of the philosopher Isidorus, and she flourished under the Emperor Arcadius. Author of a commentary on Diophantus, she also wrote a work called The Astronomical Canon and a commentary on The Conics of Apollonius. She was torn apart by the Alexandrians and her body was mocked and scattered through the whole city. This happened because of envy and her outstanding wisdom especially regarding astronomy. Some say Cyril was responsible for this outrage; others blame the Alexandrians' innate ferocity and violent tendencies for they dealt with many of their bishops in the same manner, for example George and Proterius. Regarding Hypatia the Philosopher and the Sedition of the Alexandrians Hypatia was born, reared, and educated in Alexandria. Since she had greater genius than her father, she was not satisfied with his instruction in mathematical subjects; she also devoted herself diligently to all of philosophy. This is the first English translation of this work.

95. Socrates Scholasticus: The Life Of Hypatia Biographical paragraph from Scholasticus' Ecclesiastical History. Condemns the slaying of this Alexandrian thinker. http://cosmopolis.com/alexandria/hypatia-bio-socrates.html

The Life of Hypatia By Socrates Scholasticus, from his Ecclesiastical History Reprinted with permission from Alexandria 2 Notes * The Greek word is ostrakois , literally "oystershells," but the word was also applied to brick tiles used on the roofs of houses. Local Resources Hypatia of Alexandria Home page: ALEXANDRIA on the Web

96. Damascius: The Life Of Hypatia From The Suda hypatia, daughter of Theon the geometer and philosopher of alexandria, was herself a wellknown hypatia was born, reared, and educated in alexandria. http://www.cosmopolis.com/alexandria/hypatia-bio-suda.html

The Life of Hypatia From Damascius's Life of Isidore , reproduced in The Suda Translated by Jeremiah Reedy Reprinted with permission from Alexandria 2 HYPATIA, daughter of Theon the geometer and philosopher of Alexandria, was herself a well-known philosopher. She was the wife of the philosopher Isidorus, and she flourished under the Emperor Arcadius. Author of a commentary on Diophantus, she also wrote a work called The Astronomical Canon and a commentary on The Conics of Apollonius. She was torn apart by the Alexandrians and her body was mocked and scattered through the whole city. This happened because of envy and her outstanding wisdom especially regarding astronomy. Some say Cyril was responsible for this outrage; others blame the Alexandrians' innate ferocity and violent tendencies for they dealt with many of their bishops in the same manner, for example George and Proterius. Regarding Hypatia the Philosopher and the Sedition of the Alexandrians Hypatia was born, reared, and educated in Alexandria. Since she had greater genius than her father, she was not satisfied with his instruction in mathematical subjects; she also devoted herself diligently to all of philosophy. This is the first English translation of this work.

97. Hypatia hypatia s Picture. The Lady Philosopher of alexandria. b. 355(?) AD d. 415 AD. The Legend. A More Likely Truth. In Conclusion. Research Bibliography http://pages.prodigy.net/fljustice/hypatia.html

Hypatia The Lady Philosopher of Alexandria b. 355(?) AD - d. 415 AD The Legend A More Likely Truth In Conclusion Research Bibliography ... Related Links Picture from The Mysterious Fayum Portraits: Faces from Ancient Egypt. Read a review of this spectacular book in the research bibliography. The Legend I first came across Hypatia's story in 1980 when I attended Judy Chicago's groundbreaking feminist art exhibit "The Dinner Party." Chicago and her team selected thirty-nine subjects for an elaborate dinner party, where each "guest" (including several goddesses) was honored for her contributions to womankind with a specially designed plate and table runner. In the accompanying book, Hypatia is described as "a Roman scholar and philosopher who lived in Alexandria...she stressed the importance of goddesses and the feminine aspects of culture." The article details the pagan philosopher's death at the hands of a Christian mob. I was hooked - caught up in the romanticism and inherent drama of Hypatia's life. What I didn't realize was that many of the "facts" in this story were wrong. I embarked on a journey to learn as much as I could about this fascinating woman and found a bewildering array of fact and fiction. The primary historical record is sketchy. No letters from or writing by Hypatia exist. Socrates Scholasticus' 5th Century eccleciastical history gives an account of her death. Most of what we know comes from a the surviving letters of one of her former students, Synesius of Cyrene and later Bishop of Ptolmais.

98. Hypatia There was a woman at alexandria named hypatia, daughter of the philosopher Theon, who made such attainments in literature and science, as to far surpass all http://www.lamp.ac.uk/~noy/roman21.htm

Department of Classics WOMEN IN THE ROMAN WORLD 21. HYPATIA OF ALEXANDRIA Bibliography Deakin, M. (1995), "The Primary Sources for the Life and Work of Hypatia of Alexandria", History of Mathematics Paper 63 at: http://www.polyamory.org/~howard/Hypatia/primary-sources.html Deakin, M (1997), "Hypatia of Alexandria", transcript of talk on Australian radio at: http://www.abc.net.au/rn/science/ockham/or030897.htm Dzielska, M. (1995), Hypatia of Alexandria (Cambridge MA: Harvard U.P.) [essential reading]. On-line summary at the Sunshine for Women site: http://www.pinn.net/~sunshine/book-sum/sf1.html 186.4 HYP Review by H. Sivan in Bryn Mawr Classical Review at: http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/bmcr/1995/95.07.07.html Haas, C. (1996), Alexandria in Late Antiquity (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins U.P.), pp.307-314. 932 HAA Ronchey, S. (2001), "Hypatia the intellectual", in A. Fraschetti (ed.), Roman Women (Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Pr.), 160-189. 301.4120937 ROM A short biography in the MacTutor History of Mathematicians Archive: http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk:80/~history/Mathematicians/Hypatia.html

99. Kalamazoo Valley Community College! hypatia hipay -she-ah of alexandria is certainly not a household name Orestes, the governor of alexandria, like hypatia, was a pagan (non-Christian). http://puma.kvcc.edu/jcorbin/RSs106/IntelHeroes/Hypathia.htm

Revisions Worksheet Hypatia of Alexandria (355 or 370 - 415) philosopher, astronomer and mathematician I chose this historical figure for three reasons. Obviously my main intent was to locate women in the ancient world who left their mark on the Western Intellectual Tradition despite their sex; but then as I got into her story, I discovered that she had been brutally murdered by fanatical monks because she was a “pagan” (i.e., a non-christian) and a scientist, and as such a threat to the church. Hypatia [hi-pay'-she-ah] of Alexandria is certainly not a household name in your world; but in Egypt, the center of Greek culture in the Fifth Century, she was a phenomenon of note. Hypatia's father, Theon of Alexandria, was a teacher of mathematics with the Museum of Alexandria in Egypt. A center of Greek intellectual and cultural life, the Museum included many independent schools and the great library of Alexandria. Hypatia studied with her father, and with many others including Plutarch the Younger. She herself taught at the Neoplatonist school of philosophy. She became the salaried director of this school in 400. She probably wrote on mathematics, astronomy and philosophy, including about the motions of the planets, about number theory and about conic sections. She corresponded with and hosted scholars from others cities. Synesius, Bishop of Ptolemais, was one of her correspondents and he visited her frequently. Hypatia was a popular lecturer, drawing students from many parts of the empire.

100. Hypatia: Who_Was_Hypatia Who Was hypatia? hypatia was born in alexandria about 355AD. Her early learning concentrated on mathematics and astronomy. She edited and annotated works by http://www.hypatiainthewoods.org/who_was_hypatia.html

Hypatia-in-the-Woods Who Was Hypatia? Hypatia was born in Alexandria about 355AD. Her early learning concentrated on mathematics and astronomy. She edited and annotated works by such authors as Diophantus and Ptolemy and is credited with early advances concerning the projection of the spheres and making scientific instruments. Her circle of colleagues and followers formed a community based on neo-Platonic systems of thought and intellectual ties. Through private teaching and public lectures, her fame was such that she became the natural adviser on current issues far and wide. She was seen by her society as a model of courage, civic devotion and intellectual prowess. Eventually her moral authority and political influence made her a threat to the Christian patriarch, Cyril. In 415AD she was murdered by a mob of fanatical monks and her body burned. Because of her courage and strength of conviction, Hypatia serves as our role model and inspiration. To read more about her click here Home Beginnings Who We Are ... Links

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